What makes a human? Conscious human beings are hyperobjects that interact via physical and mental representations in an ecosystem based on fundamental story-flow interactions.

What is a human being? Some might answer this question by referring to a biological body, growing from genetic information passed on through generations. Others refer to a mind, developed from infancy to adulthood, expressing itself self-aware and intelligently. Few will argue that a human being could exist without one or the other, but many disagree on their relative contribution. Does the conscious mind emerge solely from a single physical body? Is the developing body shaped purely by biological predetermination? I propose that the formation of individual human beings is subject to an environment that envelops both, the physical and mental realms. This environment is here referred to as story-verse of humanity. It is an ecosystem that emerged from biological activity but grew and evolved into an interactive space that includes temporal interactions, such as created by nervous system activity. The emerging story-verse gives rise to persistent hyperobjects, including individual human beings, whose stories perpetuate themselves via physical and mental representations. The story-verse is a real physics realm that includes the four fundamental interactions described by particle physics, but additionally requires higher-order fundamental forces that facilitate interactions between the physical and mental realm.

An alternative model of gravitational forces in nature using the combined effects of repulsion and attraction forces on gaseous molecules

Laboratory experiments and natural phenomena investigations in this research series experimentally revealed the existence of gravitational repulsion force dependent on thermal energy content, pervading our surroundings both microscopically and macroscopically. This paper presents an alternative mathematical model of both gravitational repulsion and attraction forces between two gaseous molecules, validated by experimental data. The model is self-standing and independent of existing models built on idealistic assumptions. While existing models considered gravitational interaction as a single force, the presented experimental model considers it the resultant of two distinct forces: gravitational repulsion and attraction. When established experimental data on nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, water vapor, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide were applied, the model performed, both analytically and experimentally: (1) confirming the existence of both gravitational repulsion and attraction forces among gas molecules, (2) demonstrating that the two forces follow Inverse-Cube relationship with the distance between molecules, (3) revealing that repulsion force is linearly proportional to the absolute temperature, thus filling the critical gap between energy and fundamental forces. Orders of magnitude of gravitational repulsion and attraction forces are very large compared to the gravitational force between gas molecules calculated according to the classical theory, enabling manipulation to achieve hitherto unknown outcomes and developments.

THE FIRST FOUR DAYS: A SCIENTIFIC VIEW FOR THE CREATION OF THE UNIVERSE

The first four days of Genesis are scientifically interpreted according to the author’s well-developed black hole universe model. From this scientific view for the creation of the universe described in the book of Genesis, God in the first day created the space and time, matter and motion, charge and fundamental forces, energy and light for the infinite large entire universe. Then, in the second day, God hierarchically structured the entire universe by separating the matter and space with infinite layers that are bounded by event horizons and further formed our finite black hole universe. In the third day, God constructed the interiors of our finite black hole universe with planets, stars, galaxies, and clusters, etc. And, in the fourth day, God finally created our home planet Earth and the solar system and made lights including the Sun, Moon, and stars to give light to our universe and Earth. This up-to-date explanation to God’s creative work during the first four days has bridged the gap between Genesis and observations of the universe and brought us a scientific view and understanding on the book of Genesis. This innovative interpretation of Genesis also strongly supports the black hole universe model to be capable of revealing the mysteries of the universe. This is a synthetic article of the four papers recently published on IJTPS to interpret the first through fourth day of Genesis according to the black hole model of the universe.

GENESIS AND BLACK HOLE UNIVERSE:THE FOURTH DAY

Papers I through III has fully and self-consistently addressed the first three days of Genesis according to the author’s well-developed black hole universe model. In the first day, God created space and time, matter and motion, charge and fundamental forces, and energy and light for the infinite entire universe. Then, in the second day he hierarchically structured the entire universe by separating the matter and space with infinite layers bounded by event horizons and further formed our finite black hole universe. In the third day, God constructed the interiors of our black hole universe with planets, stars, galaxies, and clusters, etc. In this sequence of study as Paper-IV, we describe how God created our earth and solar system and generated lights including the Sun, the moon, and stars to give light to our universe and earth. The efforts of this systematic study on God’s creative work during the first four days bridged the gap between Genesis and observations of the universe and brought us a scientific understanding of the Genesis. This innovative interpretation of Genesis also strongly supports the black hole universe model to be capable of revealing the mysteries of the universe.

Elementary Particle Physics

Determining the nature of matter’s smallest constituents, and the interactions among them, is the subject of a branch of fundamental physics called “The Physics of Elementary Particles” – the subject of this book. During the last decades this field has gone through a phase transition. It culminated in the formulation of a new theoretical scheme, known as “The Standard Model”, which brought profound changes in our ways of thinking and understanding nature’s fundamental forces. Its agreement with experiment is impressive, to the extent that we should no longer talk about “The Standard Model” but instead “The Standard Theory”. This new vision is based on geometry; the interactions are required to satisfy a certain geometrical principle. In the physicists’ jargon this principle is called “gauge invariance”; in mathematics it is a concept of differential geometry. It is the purpose of this book to present and explain this modern viewpoint to a readership of well motivated undergraduate students. We propose to guide the reader to the more advanced concepts of gauge symmetry, quantum field theory and the phenomenon of spontaneous symmetry breaking through concrete physical examples. The presentation of the techniques required for particle physics is self-contained, and the mathematics is kept at the absolutely necessary level. The reader is invited to join the glorious parade of the theoretical advances and experimental discoveries of the last decades which established our current view. Our ambition is to make this fascinating subject accessible to undergraduate students and, hopefully, to motivate them to study it further.

Stories of a Certain Gravity

Before delving into gravitational waves, I illustrate, with nine short stories, the fascinating history of gravity, shedding light on the actual lives and contributions of leading scientists and astronomers, from Tycho Brahe’s adventurous life and grotesque death, to Johannes Kepler’s intuitions and passionate prose. And from Newton’s resolution to cut the Gordian knot of the origin of gravity with his theory of universal gravitation, to Einstein’s heroic struggle to derive the equations of general relativity. Gravity is the weakest of the fundamental forces in nature, yet it subjugates us from the moment we are born. After nine months floating in the womb, suspended in the enveloping heat of the amniotic fluid, we are suddenly confronted with the gravitational pull of our planet. Gravity thus manifests itself as weight, and forces our helpless bodies to the ground, establishing a universal and defining aspect of the human condition.

Form and History in Modern Arabic Poetics

Modern Arabic poetic forms developed in conversation with the rich Arabic poetic tradition, on one hand, and the Western literary traditions, primarily English and French, on the other. In light of the drastic social and political changes that swept the Arab world in the first half of the 20th century, Western influences often appear in the scholarship on the period to be more prevalent and operative in the rise of the modernist movement. Nevertheless, one of the fundamental forces that drove the movement from its early phases is its urgent preoccupation with the Arabic poetic heritage and its investment in forging a new relationship with the literary past. The history of poetic forms in the first half of the 20th century reveals much about the dynamics between margin and center, old and new, commitment and escapism, autochthonous and outside imperatives. Arabic poetry in the 20th century reflects the political and social upheavals in Arab life. The poetic forms which emerged between the late 1940s and early 1960s presented themselves as aesthetically and ideologically revolutionary. The modernist poets were committed to a project of change in the poem and beyond. Developments from the qas̩īdah of the late 19th century to the prose poem of the 1960s and the notion of writing (kitābah) after that suggest an increased loosening or abandoning of formal restrictions. However, the contending poetic proposals, from the most formal to the most experimental, all continue to coexist in the Arabic poetic landscape in the 21st century. The tensions and negotiations between them are what often lead to the most creative poetic breakthroughs.

May we unify relativity with quantum physics? Could evolutionary biology help in proposing transitionary stages of quanta to the observable world? Maybe a piece of evidence to the everything theory…

The four fundamental forces that govern the universe, i.e. gravity, electromagnetism, strong nuclear force, and weak nuclear force, explain the macro (first one) and the micro world in an independent way. However, up to the present day, no consensus has been reached to bring gravitational and subatomic forces into a single theory. This manuscript seeks to propose, through theoretical analysis, an evolutionary process (like in biology) from quanta to the formation of physical bodies, that may help to link relativity with quantum physics.

The Theoretical Value of the Hubble Constant Ho and Unification of the Fundamental Forces of Nature

The Hubble constant Ho represents the speed of expansion of the universe and various cosmological observations and modeling methods were utilized by astronomers for a century to pin down its exact value. Determining Ho from cosmological observations is a long and tedious process requiring highly accurate datasets. To circumvent this need, a simple theoretical approach is introduced in this study which uses the concept of gravitational weakening and seismic-induced recession. As tremors occur among celestial objects, their gravitational fields would also change. This resulted in a fundamental relation of Ho and the computed rate of recession that gives a theoretical value for Ho=69.921 Km/s/Mpc. Using the newly discovered seismic-induced gravitational weakening and time dilation, it is possible that various astrophysical methods using different measurement methods would converge to this theoretical Ho value when cosmological distances and time delay measurements are corrected with the simple formulas we derived. The new model assumes that, as quakes occur in celestial objects, luminosity-induced acceleration and high-energy collision of protons and electrons may produce a massive number of neutrinos, quarks and other subatomic particles. Furthermore, the fine structure constant was found to be inversely proportional to Ho-squared and that the fine-structure constant obtained in this study gives a new physical interpretation of α. New relations for the speed of light, orbital velocity, gravitational force and the Hubble constant were further derived from the new recession constant using approximate relations for the Newtonian and electric force constant. This resulted in a modified gravitational law that is both repulsive and attractive and a theoretical explanation of the phenomenon of light-induced gravitation analogous to the electromagnetic force where photon is the force-carrier. Finally, the fundamental forces of gravitation, electromagnetism and strong nuclear force are now unified.