An Outbreak in Pigeons Caused by the Subgenotype VI.2.1.2 of Newcastle Disease Virus in Brazil

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) can infect over 250 bird species with variable pathogenicity; it can also infect humans in rare cases. The present study investigated an outbreak in feral pigeons in São Paulo city, Brazil, in 2019. Affected birds displayed neurological signs, and hemorrhages were observed in different tissues. Histopathology changes with infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells were also found in the brain, kidney, proventriculus, heart, and spleen. NDV staining was detected by immunohistochemistry. Twenty-seven out of thirty-four tested samples (swabs and tissues) were positive for Newcastle disease virus by RT-qPCR test, targeting the M gene. One isolate, obtained from a pool of positive swab samples, was characterized by the intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) and the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests. This isolate had an ICPI of 0.99, confirming a virulent NDV strain. The monoclonal antibody 617/161, which recognizes a distinct epitope in pigeon NDV strains, inhibited the isolate with an HI titer of 512. A complete genome of NDV was obtained using next-generation sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete CDS F gene grouped the detected isolate with other viruses from subgenotype VI.2.1.2, class II, including one previously reported in Southern Brazil in 2014. This study reports a comprehensive characterization of the subgenotype VI.2.1.2, which seems to have been circulating in Brazilian urban areas since 2014. Due to the zoonotic risk of NDV, virus surveillance in feral pigeons should also be systematically performed in urban areas.

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Prevalence of Salmonella spp. Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii, and Newcastle Disease Virus in Feral Pigeons (Columba livia) in the City of Jaboticabal, Brazil

Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine ◽

10.1638/2008-0166.1 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 603-607 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Eliane de Sousa ◽

Angelo Berchieri Júnior ◽

Aramis Augusto Pinto ◽

Rosangela Zacarias Machado ◽

Adriano de Oliveira Torres Carrasco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Newcastle Disease Virus ◽

Disease Virus ◽

Newcastle Disease ◽

Columba Livia ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Feral Pigeons ◽

The City

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Detection of Newcastle disease virus of poultry by real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction

Bangladesh Veterinarian ◽

10.3329/bvet.v33i1.33309 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 16-22

Author(s):

MM Rahman ◽

LR Barman ◽

EH Chowdhury ◽

MR Islam

Keyword(s):

Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Newcastle Disease Virus ◽

Disease Virus ◽

Reverse Transcription ◽

Newcastle Disease ◽

Allantoic Fluid ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

M Gene ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Polymerase Chain

A real-time reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) was used for the detection of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) of poultry. A panel of seven known isolates of NDV in the form of allantoic fluid, obtained from a laboratory repository, was used for the development of the test. RNA was extracted from the allantoic fluid with a magnetic processor based automated RNA extraction system. The identity of the reference virus was first reconfirmed by a conventional RT-PCR specific for the Fusion (F) protein gene. Using these RNA, the rRT-PCR protocol was optimized with regard to the reaction mix and thermal profile using published primers and probes specific for M gene. The sensitivity of standardized rRT-PCR was compared to that of the conventional RT-PCR using serial 10-fold dilutions of the RNA of a selected sample. The thermal profile was modified from the published one; the annealing and extension steps were combined to a single step performed at 60ºC. The adopted rRT-PCR successfully amplified M gene from all the seven reference samples with a CT value ranging from 15.28 to 32.68. The rRT-PCR for M gene was 100-fold more sensitive than the conventional RT-PCR for F gene. This is the first report of the use of rRT-PCR for the detection of NDV in Bangladesh. This test will be useful for virological surveillance, particularly for screening NDV in respiratory infections.Bangl. vet. 2016. Vol. 33, No. 1, 16-22

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Newcastle Disease Virus Surveillance in Argentina: Use of Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction and Sequencing for Molecular Typification

Avian Diseases ◽

10.2307/1592751 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 792 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Analia Berinstein ◽

Bruce S. Seal ◽

Flavia Zanetti ◽

Analia Kaloghlian ◽

Gabriel Segade ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Newcastle Disease Virus ◽

Disease Virus ◽

Reverse Transcription ◽

Newcastle Disease ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Virus Surveillance ◽

Polymerase Chain

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Newcastle disease virus surveillance in Hong Kong on local and imported poultry

Research in Veterinary Science ◽

10.1016/s0034-5288(18)32980-1 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 204-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

K.F. Shortridge ◽

D.J. Alexander

Keyword(s):

Hong Kong ◽

Newcastle Disease Virus ◽

Disease Virus ◽

Newcastle Disease ◽

Virus Surveillance

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Newcastle Disease Virus V Protein Promotes Viral Replication in HeLa Cells through the Activation of MEK/ERK Signaling

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v10090489 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 489 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Zhili Chu ◽

Jiangang Ma ◽

Caiying Wang ◽

Kejia Lu ◽

Xiaoqin Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Viral Replication ◽

Newcastle Disease Virus ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Disease Virus ◽

Hela Cells ◽

Newcastle Disease ◽

Bird Species ◽

Erk Signaling ◽

V Protein ◽

Wide Range

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) can infect a wide range of domestic and wild bird species. The non-structural V protein of NDV plays an important role in antagonizing innate host defenses to facilitate viral replication. However, there is a lack of knowledge related to the mechanisms through which the V protein regulates viral replication. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway in the host is involved in a variety of functions and is activated by several stimuli, including viral replication. In this study, we show that both the lentogenic strain, La Sota, and the velogenic strain, F48E9, of NDV activate the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK)/ERK signaling pathway. The pharmacological inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation using the highly selective inhibitors U0126 and SCH772984 resulted in the reduced levels of NDV RNA in cells and virus titers in the cell supernatant, which established an important role for the MEK/ERK signaling pathway in NDV replication. Moreover, the overexpression of the V protein in HeLa cells increased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and induced the transcriptional changes in the genes downstream of the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the V protein is involved in the ERK signaling pathway-mediated promotion of NDV replication and thus, can be investigated as a potential antiviral target.

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Assessment of Potential Health and Genetic Impacts in Releasing Confiscated Paroaria coronata and Saltator similis

10.1101/2020.03.10.985473 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Cláudio E. F. Cruz ◽

Gustavo R. Funkler ◽

André L. S. Zani ◽

Paulo G. C. Wagner ◽

Luciano N. Segura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Structure ◽

Newcastle Disease Virus ◽

Disease Virus ◽

Newcastle Disease ◽

Bird Species ◽

Free Living ◽

Potential Health ◽

In The Wild ◽

Significant Genetic Structure ◽

Free Ranging

AbstractIllegal capture and trade of wild birds has long been a threat to biodiversity. Translocation—the release of individuals from one location into another—is a useful conservation tool in the management of species. However, both health (such as different pathogens) and adaptive (such as local adaptation), differences among populations must be taken into account, as both can impact the recipient population negatively. Here, we provide health and genetic information to support release planning for two of the most trafficked Brazilian wild bird species (Paroaria coronata and Saltator similis). We focused on two fundamental questions: Are there significant differences in pathogen load between wild and captive populations? Is there significant genetic structure among populations? In total, 223 free-living birds were captured, sampled, and released at the same site. Devices and live decoys characteristics were top factors influencing captures. We tested blood, feces, and oropharyngeal swabs from free-ranging (n=101) and confiscated (n=92) birds for Newcastle disease virus, Salmonella spp., and Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Genetic structure among populations was investigated using mtDNA in a subsample of these birds. We found no evidence for Newcastle disease virus and Salmonella spp. in seized and free-living birds from both species. However, seized P. coronata and S. similis may be potential sources of M. gallisepticum. We found significant but low genetic structure among populations occurring in different Biomes (ΦCT=0.26 for P. coronata; ΦCT=0.13 for S. similis) and no significant structure among populations occurring in the Pampa Biome. These results suggest that while it may be important to screen seized birds for avian pathogens, genetic structure among populations seems to be of lesser concern when planning the release of seized songbirds in the wild.

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