scholarly journals Assessment of Potential Health and Genetic Impacts in Releasing Confiscated Paroaria coronata and Saltator similis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudio E. F. Cruz ◽  
Gustavo R. Funkler ◽  
André L. S. Zani ◽  
Paulo G. C. Wagner ◽  
Luciano N. Segura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Significant Genetic Structure ◽  
Free Ranging

AbstractIllegal capture and trade of wild birds has long been a threat to biodiversity. Translocation—the release of individuals from one location into another—is a useful conservation tool in the management of species. However, both health (such as different pathogens) and adaptive (such as local adaptation), differences among populations must be taken into account, as both can impact the recipient population negatively. Here, we provide health and genetic information to support release planning for two of the most trafficked Brazilian wild bird species (Paroaria coronata and Saltator similis). We focused on two fundamental questions: Are there significant differences in pathogen load between wild and captive populations? Is there significant genetic structure among populations? In total, 223 free-living birds were captured, sampled, and released at the same site. Devices and live decoys characteristics were top factors influencing captures. We tested blood, feces, and oropharyngeal swabs from free-ranging (n=101) and confiscated (n=92) birds for Newcastle disease virus, Salmonella spp., and Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Genetic structure among populations was investigated using mtDNA in a subsample of these birds. We found no evidence for Newcastle disease virus and Salmonella spp. in seized and free-living birds from both species. However, seized P. coronata and S. similis may be potential sources of M. gallisepticum. We found significant but low genetic structure among populations occurring in different Biomes (ΦCT=0.26 for P. coronata; ΦCT=0.13 for S. similis) and no significant structure among populations occurring in the Pampa Biome. These results suggest that while it may be important to screen seized birds for avian pathogens, genetic structure among populations seems to be of lesser concern when planning the release of seized songbirds in the wild.

scholarly journals A Preliminary Assessment of the Potential Health and Genetic Impacts of Releasing Confiscated Passerines Into the Wild: A Reduced-Risk Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudio E. F. Cruz ◽  
Gustavo R. Funkler ◽  
André L. S. Zani ◽  
Paulo G. C. Wagner ◽  
Inês Andretta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Risk Approach ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Degree

The illegal capture and trade of wild birds have long been threats to biodiversity. The rehabilitation and release of confiscated animals may be a useful conservation tool in species management. However, differences between populations regarding health (e.g., different pathogens) and adaptation (e.g., local adaptation) must be taken into account, since both can negatively impact the recipient population. In this pilot study, we used two of the most illegally trafficked Brazilian wild passerine species, namely the red-crested cardinal (Paroaria coronata) and green-winged saltator (Saltator similis) as case studies and assessed some of the health threats that the release of confiscated passerines may pose to free-living birds. We also investigated the level of difference in mitochondrial genetic structure among populations living in different ecoregions. Blood, feces, and oropharyngeal swabs from confiscated (n = 115) and free-living (n = 120) passerines from the release sites were tested for the Newcastle disease virus, Salmonella spp., and Mycoplasma gallisepticum. These are considered major avian diseases by the Brazilian National Avian Health Program. We analyzed mtDNA to study the difference in genetic structure between populations using samples from 127 free-living passerines. We found no evidence of the Newcastle disease virus or Salmonella spp. in confiscated or free-living passerines from either species. However, the levels of infection with M. galissepticum detected in our study for red-crested cardinals and green-winged saltators calls for a high degree of caution in captive release programs. The difference in genetic structure between populations occurring in different regions was low, and was not significant between those from the Pampa/Subtropical Grasslands region. These results suggest that it may be possible to establish a cost-effective and sensitive protocol for releasing confiscated songbirds, provided that further genome-wide studies indicate that the functional genetic diversity among (at least some of the) populations is also low.

scholarly journals Serological Survey of Newcastle Disease in Free Ranging Local Chickens in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Akawu Anzaku ◽  
Jariath Umoh Umoh ◽  
Paul Ayuba Abdu ◽  
Junaidu Kabir ◽  
Akawu Bala
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Serological Survey ◽  
History Of ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Local Chickens ◽  
Apparently Healthy

A serological survey was carried out in four area councils (Abuja Municipal, Kuje, Gwagwalada, and Kwali) of the Federal Capital Territory (Abuja) to determine the prevalence of antibodies to Newcastle disease virus in local chickens using haemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests. In each area council, one hundred sera samples were collected from apparently healthy local chickens with no history of vaccination. Abuja Municipal, Kuje, Gwagwalada, and Kwali area councils had prevalence of 37, 44, 79, and 68%, respectively. The overall prevalence of antibody to Newcastle disease in the four area councils was 57%. This study shows that Newcastle disease virus is circulating in local chickens in the study area, and this may pose a serious threat to the commercial poultry industry within these four area councils of the Federal Capital Territory (Abuja) where this study was carried out.

scholarly journals Newcastle Disease Virus V Protein Promotes Viral Replication in HeLa Cells through the Activation of MEK/ERK Signaling

Viruses ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhili Chu ◽  
Jiangang Ma ◽  
Caiying Wang ◽  
Kejia Lu ◽  
Xiaoqin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Replication ◽  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Erk Signaling ◽  
V Protein ◽  
Wide Range

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) can infect a wide range of domestic and wild bird species. The non-structural V protein of NDV plays an important role in antagonizing innate host defenses to facilitate viral replication. However, there is a lack of knowledge related to the mechanisms through which the V protein regulates viral replication. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway in the host is involved in a variety of functions and is activated by several stimuli, including viral replication. In this study, we show that both the lentogenic strain, La Sota, and the velogenic strain, F48E9, of NDV activate the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK)/ERK signaling pathway. The pharmacological inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation using the highly selective inhibitors U0126 and SCH772984 resulted in the reduced levels of NDV RNA in cells and virus titers in the cell supernatant, which established an important role for the MEK/ERK signaling pathway in NDV replication. Moreover, the overexpression of the V protein in HeLa cells increased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and induced the transcriptional changes in the genes downstream of the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the V protein is involved in the ERK signaling pathway-mediated promotion of NDV replication and thus, can be investigated as a potential antiviral target.

scholarly journals NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS AND CHLAMYDIA PSITTACI IN FREE-LIVING RAPTORS FROM EASTERN GERMANY

2003 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvira Schettler ◽  
Jörns Fickel ◽  
Helmut Hotzel ◽  
Konrad Sachse ◽  
Wolf Jürgen Streich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Chlamydia Psittaci ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Eastern Germany

scholarly journals An Outbreak in Pigeons Caused by the Subgenotype VI.2.1.2 of Newcastle Disease Virus in Brazil

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2446
Author(s):  
Luciano M. Thomazelli ◽  
Juliana A. Sinhorini ◽  
Danielle B. L. Oliveira ◽  
Terezinha Knöbl ◽  
Tatiana C. M. Bosqueiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
M Gene ◽  
Virus Surveillance ◽  
Feral Pigeons ◽  
Zoonotic Risk

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) can infect over 250 bird species with variable pathogenicity; it can also infect humans in rare cases. The present study investigated an outbreak in feral pigeons in São Paulo city, Brazil, in 2019. Affected birds displayed neurological signs, and hemorrhages were observed in different tissues. Histopathology changes with infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells were also found in the brain, kidney, proventriculus, heart, and spleen. NDV staining was detected by immunohistochemistry. Twenty-seven out of thirty-four tested samples (swabs and tissues) were positive for Newcastle disease virus by RT-qPCR test, targeting the M gene. One isolate, obtained from a pool of positive swab samples, was characterized by the intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) and the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests. This isolate had an ICPI of 0.99, confirming a virulent NDV strain. The monoclonal antibody 617/161, which recognizes a distinct epitope in pigeon NDV strains, inhibited the isolate with an HI titer of 512. A complete genome of NDV was obtained using next-generation sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete CDS F gene grouped the detected isolate with other viruses from subgenotype VI.2.1.2, class II, including one previously reported in Southern Brazil in 2014. This study reports a comprehensive characterization of the subgenotype VI.2.1.2, which seems to have been circulating in Brazilian urban areas since 2014. Due to the zoonotic risk of NDV, virus surveillance in feral pigeons should also be systematically performed in urban areas.

Characterization of Recent Isolates of Newcastle Disease virus

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-248
Author(s):  
Amani Saleh ◽  
Rola Ali ◽  
Mohamed Fawzy ◽  
Mokhtar Eltarabily
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease
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