scholarly journals Influenza Vaccination and Non-Pharmaceutical Measure Effectiveness for Preventing Influenza Outbreaks in Schools: A Surveillance-Based Evaluation in Beijing

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 714
Author(s):  
Ying Sun ◽  
Peng Yang ◽  
Quanyi Wang ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Wei Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Regression Modeling ◽  
First Case ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Influenza Outbreaks

Although schools are known to play a major role in the spread of influenza virus, few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of vaccination and non-pharmaceutical measures for preventing influenza outbreaks in schools. We investigated all febrile illness outbreaks in primary and secondary schools in Beijing reported between August 2018 and July 2019. We obtained epidemiological information on febrile illness outbreaks and oral pharyngeal swabs from students in the outbreaks to test for influenza virus. We surveyed schools that did not report febrile illness outbreaks. We developed multi-level models to identify and evaluate factors associated with serious influenza outbreaks and explored the association of vaccine coverage and outbreaks using multi-stage regression models. We identified a total of 748 febrile illness outbreaks involving 8176 students in Beijing; 462 outbreaks were caused by influenza virus. Adjusted regression modeling showed that large class size (odds ratio (OR) = 2.38) and the number of days from identification of the first case to initiation of an intervention (OR = 1.17) were statistically significant and positively associated with serious outbreaks, and that high vaccination coverage (relative risk (RR) = 0.50) was statistically significant and negatively associated with outbreaks. Multi-stage regression modeling showed that RR decreased fastest when vaccination coverage was 45% to 51%. We conclude that high influenza vaccination coverage can prevent influenza outbreaks in schools and that rapid identification of febrile children and early initiation of non-pharmaceutical measures can reduce outbreak size.

Influenza vaccination coverage in a population-based cohort of Australian-born Aboriginal and non-Indigenous older adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amalie Dyda ◽  
Surendra Karki ◽  
Marlene Kong ◽  
Heather F Gidding ◽  
John M Kaldor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Torres Strait Islander ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
P Value ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Medical Risk ◽  
Torres Strait

Background: There is limited information on vaccination coverage and characteristics associated with vaccine uptake in Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander adults. We aimed to provide more current estimates of influenza vaccination coverage in Aboriginal adults. Methods: Self-reported vaccination status (n=559 Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander participants, n=80,655 non-Indigenous participants) from the 45 and Up Study, a large cohort of adults aged 45 years or older, was used to compare influenza vaccination coverage in Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander adults with coverage in non-Indigenous adults. Results: Of Aboriginal and non-Indigenous respondents aged 49 to <65 years, age-standardised influenza coverage was respectively 45.2% (95% CI 39.5–50.9%) and 38.5%, (37.9–39.0%), p-value for heterogeneity=0.02. Coverage for Aboriginal and non-Indigenous respondents aged ≥65 years was respectively 67.3% (59.9–74.7%) and 72.6% (72.2–73.0%), p-heterogeneity=0.16. Among Aboriginal adults, coverage was higher in obese than in healthy weight participants (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=2.38, 95%CI 1.44–3.94); in those aged <65 years with a medical risk factor than in those without medical risk factors (aOR=2.13, 1.37–3.30); and in those who rated their health as fair/poor compared to those who rated it excellent (aOR=2.57, 1.26–5.20). Similar associations were found among non-Indigenous adults. Conclusions: In this sample of adults ≥65 years, self-reported influenza vaccine coverage was not significantly different between Aboriginal and non-Indigenous adults whereas in those <65 years, coverage was higher among Aboriginal adults. Overall, coverage in the whole cohort was suboptimal. If these findings are replicated in other samples and in the Australian Immunisation Register, it suggests that measures to improve uptake, such as communication about the importance of influenza vaccine and more effective reminder systems, are needed among adults.

scholarly journals High vaccination coverage and inadequate knowledge: Findings from a community-based cross-sectional study on Japanese Encephalitis in Yangon, Myanmar

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Pyae Phyo Kyaw ◽  
Hemant Deepak Shewade ◽  
Nang Thu Thu Kyaw ◽  
Khaing Hnin Phyo ◽  
Htar Htar Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multi Stage

Background: Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a mosquito-borne disease with high case fatality and no specific treatment. Little is known about the community’s (especially parents/guardians of children) awareness regarding JE and its vaccine in Yangon region, which bears the highest JE burden in Myanmar. Methods: We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study in Yangon region (2019) to explore the knowledge and perception of parents/guardians of 1-15 year-old children about JE disease, its vaccination and to describe JE vaccine coverage among 1-15 year-old children. We followed multi-stage random sampling (three stages) to select the 600 households with 1-15 year-old children from 30 clusters in nine townships. Analyses were weighted (inverse probability sampling) for the multi-stage sampling design. Results: Of 600 parents/guardians, 38% exhibited good knowledge of JE, 55% perceived JE as serious in  children younger than 15 years and 59% perceived the vaccine to be effective. Among all the children in the 600 households, the vaccination coverage was 97% (831/855). Conclusion: In order to reduce JE incidence in the community, focus on an intensified education program is necessary to sustain the high vaccine coverage in the community.

scholarly journals Influenza vaccination coverage rates in the general population and risk groups: A review of the current international situation

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 1138-1147
Author(s):  
Aneta Nitsch-Osuch ◽  
Anna Jagielska ◽  
Lidia B. Brydak
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
General Population ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Coverage Rates

Although several national and international recommendations have been published, influenza vaccinations are carried out too rarely and thus vaccine coverage rates, both in the general population and in risk groups, remain at an unsatisfactorily low level. The paper presents the current data describing influenza vaccine coverage rates in different countries, in the general population and risk groups (including patients with chronic diseases, pregnant women, children the elderly) and health care workers. It is emphasized that there are many limitations related to the estimation of coverage rates. Methods that are currently used for the assessment of influenza vaccination coverage rates include the following: an analysis of data from health care facilities or providers, from national health insurance records, from well-documented national or private vaccine programs targeting at specific smaller groups, evaluation of national vaccine register, and national surveys of individuals. The establishment of coverage rates among specific groups usually requires another approach with the use of individual web- or telephone- based surveys, which is why selection bias and recall bias should be taken into consideration while discussing the results. The most common drivers and barriers for influenza vaccination are also identified and presented in the review.

scholarly journals An Internet-Based Survey of Influenza Vaccination Coverage in Healthcare Workers in China, 2018/2019 Season

Vaccines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haitao Liu ◽  
Yayun Tan ◽  
Muli Zhang ◽  
Zhibin Peng ◽  
Jiandong Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
National Level ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Vaccine Uptake

Influenza vaccination coverage was low among healthcare workers (HCWs) in China. In October 2018, the National Health Commission of China began to require all hospitals to provide free influenza vaccination for HCWs to increase vaccine uptake, and no study on vaccine coverage among HCWs at the national level after the announcement of new policy. This evaluation aims to investigate self-reported influenza vaccination coverage among HCWs and factors that may affect vaccine receipt during the 2018/2019 influenza season. We delivered an opt-in internet panel survey among registered HCWs of DXY forum (the biggest online forum for HCWs in China). The survey was self-administered using a standard questionnaire to collect information on demographics, occupational characteristics, policy implementation, influenza vaccination and influence factors. We conducted multivariate logistic regression analysis to assess factors associated with receipt of influenza vaccine. The response rate of this online survey was 3.6%. The seasonal influenza vaccine coverage reported among HCWs surveyed during the 2018/2019 season was 11.6% (472/4078). Only 19.0% (774/4078) of HCWs surveyed reported free policy in their workplace. Combing free policy and workplace requirement proved to be effective to improve influenza vaccination coverage in HCWs (PR = 6.90, 95% CI: 6.03–7.65). The influenza vaccination coverage among surveyed HCWs in China was low during the 2018/2019 season. To increase future vaccination uptake, we recommend a multi-faceted strategy that include free policy, workplace requirement and promotion, on-site vaccination, and monitoring.

scholarly journals High vaccination coverage, inadequate knowledge and high vector density: Findings from a community-based cross-sectional study on Japanese Encephalitis in Yangon, Myanmar

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Pyae Phyo Kyaw ◽  
Hemant Deepak Shewade ◽  
Nang Thu Thu Kyaw ◽  
Khaing Hnin Phyo ◽  
Htar Htar Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multi Stage

Background: Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a mosquito-borne disease with high case fatality and no specific treatment. Little is known about the community’s (especially parents/guardians of children) awareness regarding JE and its vaccine in Yangon region, which bears the highest JE burden in Myanmar. Methods: We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study in Yangon region (2019) to explore the knowledge and perception of parents/guardians of 1-15 year-old children about JE disease, its vaccination and to describe JE vaccine coverage among 1-15 year-old children. We followed multi-stage random sampling (three stages) to select the 600 households with 1-15 year-old children from 30 clusters in nine townships. Analyses were weighted (inverse probability sampling) for the multi-stage sampling design. Results: Of 600 parents/guardians, 38% exhibited good knowledge of JE, 55% perceived JE as serious in  children younger than 15 years and 59% perceived the vaccine to be effective. Among all the children in the 600 households, the vaccination coverage was 97% (831/855). Conclusion: In order to reduce JE incidence in the community, focus on an intensified education program is necessary to sustain the high vaccine coverage in the community.

scholarly journals Potential use of Western Australia’s mandatory Midwives Notification System for routinely monitoring antenatal vaccine coverage

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Regan ◽  
Paul V Effler ◽  
Chloe Thomson ◽  
Donna B Mak
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
Notification System ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Potential Use

Background Despite the maternal and infant health benefits of antenatal vaccines and availability of government-funded vaccination programs, Australia does not have a national system for routinely monitoring antenatal vaccination coverage. We evaluated the potential use of Western Australia’s mandatory Midwives Notification System (MNS) as a tool for routinely monitoring antenatal vaccination coverage. Methods Two hundred and sixty-eight women who gave birth to a live infant between August and October 2016 participated in a telephone survey of vaccines received in their most recent pregnancy. For women who reported receiving influenza and/or pertussis vaccine and whose vaccination status was documented by their vaccine provider, MNS vaccination data were compared with the vaccine provider’s record as the ‘gold standard.’ For women who reported receiving no vaccines, MNS vaccination data were compared with self-reported information. Results Influenza and pertussis vaccination status was complete (i.e. documented as either vaccinated or not vaccinated) for 66% and 63% of women, respectively. Sensitivity of MNS influenza vaccination data was 65.7% (95% CI 56.0-74.2%) and specificity was 53.0% (95% CI 42.4-63.4%). Sensitivity of MNS pertussis vaccination data was 62.5% (95% CI 53.3-70.9%) and specificity was 40.4% (95% CI 27.6-54.7%). There was no difference between vaccinated and unvaccinated women in the proportion of MNS records with missing or unknown vaccination information. When considering only MNS records with complete vaccination information, the sensitivity of the MNS influenza vaccination field was 91.8% (95% CI 83.0-96.9%) and the sensitivity of the MNS pertussis vaccination field was 88.0% (95% CI 76.7-95.5%). Conclusion Due to the high proportion of records with missing or unknown vaccination status, we observed low sensitivity and specificity of antenatal vaccination data in the MNS. However, given we did not observe differential ascertainment by vaccination status, MNS records with complete information may be reliable data source for routinely monitoring antenatal vaccine coverage.

scholarly journals 2733. Association Between Influenza Vaccination Coverage and Ambulatory Antibiotic Prescription Rates in Children in South Carolina

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S962-S962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam Younas ◽  
Julie Royer ◽  
Hana Rac ◽  
Sharon Weissman ◽  
Katie Waites ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Influenza Season ◽  
Antibiotic Prescription ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Prescription Rate ◽  
Prescription Rates ◽  
Carolina Population

Abstract Background Prior studies demonstrated an increase in ambulatory antibiotic prescription rates during the peak of Influenza virus activity, which often occurs during the first 4 months of the year in Southeastern United States. However, the impact of Influenza vaccination coverage on antibiotic prescription rates remains undefined. The purpose of this retrospective cohort study is to examine the association between Influenza vaccination coverage and ambulatory antibiotic prescription rates in children in South Carolina from 2012 to 2017. Methods Medicaid and State Employee Health Plan pharmacy claims for outpatient oral antibiotics were utilized for estimation of community antibiotic prescription rates in South Carolina population 6 months to 17 years of age from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2017, which represents approximately 60% of the South Carolina population in this age group. Linear regression was used to examine the association between antibiotic prescription rates in January to April of each year and Influenza vaccine coverage in children 6 months to 17 years old after adjustments for Influenza vaccine effectiveness in that season as obtained from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Results During the 6-year study period, the mean antimicrobial prescription rate in children in South Carolina declined from 103 to 79 per 1000 person-months for the months January through April indicating a 26% decline (P < 0.0001). Influenza vaccine coverage also increased from 50.6% during the first Influenza season of the study and peaked at 60.7% in 2014–2015 Influenza season (Figure 1). After adjusting for the vaccine effectiveness, the decline in antibiotic prescription rate was significantly associated with an increase in vaccine coverage in children (P-value < 0.01). Antibiotic prescription rates declined by 3 per 1,000 person-months for each 1% increase in Influenza vaccine coverage in children. Conclusion There is a temporal association between the increase in Influenza vaccination coverage and the decline in ambulatory antibiotic prescription rates in children in South Carolina. Achieving the CDC’s set target Influenza vaccination coverage of 70% of the population may be associated with greater decline in ambulatory antibiotic prescription rates in children in the future. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals 1712. Epidemiology, Clinical Characteristics, and Outcomes of Influenza-Associated Hospitalizations in Children in the post-2009 Pandemic Era

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S839-S840
Author(s):  
Satoshi Kamidani ◽  
Shikha Garg ◽  
Angela P Campbell ◽  
Charisse N Cummings ◽  
Kyle P Openo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Standard Case ◽  
Hospitalization Rates

Abstract Background Significant changes in influenza vaccination coverage and antiviral treatment guidance occurred following the 2009 influenza pandemic in children. However, data are limited describing recent epidemiology, clinical characteristics, antiviral use, vaccine coverage, and outcomes of influenza-related hospitalizations in children. Methods Children &lt; 18 years hospitalized with influenza during seasons 2010–2011 through 2018–2019 were included through the US Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network (FluSurv-NET). Age-stratified hospitalization rates were calculated using the number of catchment-area residents with laboratory-confirmed influenza within 14 days prior to or ≤3 days after hospital admission during October 1-April 30 of each influenza season. Data on underlying medical history, influenza vaccination, antiviral use, and outcomes were abstracted from medical records using standard case report forms by trained surveillance officers. Results Over 9 seasons, 13,235 children were identified. Stepwise decreases in unadjusted hospitalization rates with age occurred, with the highest rates in infants &lt; 6 months (ranging 56–184 per 100,000 persons) (Fig.1). Among these children, 56% were male, 34% were non-Hispanic White, 55% had a preexisting medical condition, and 8% were immunocompromised (Table 1). Use of antiviral treatment substantially increased from 56% to 85%, and influenza vaccination rates among hospitalized children increased from 34% to 43% over time. Regarding severe outcomes, 2,676 (20%) were admitted to ICU, 2,262 (17%) had pneumonia, 690 (5%) required mechanical ventilation, and 72 (0.5%) died. In univariable analysis, compared to hospitalized infants &lt; 6 months, children &gt;13 years had higher odds of ICU admission (odds ratio (OR), 2.0; 95% CI, 1.7–2.4), mechanical ventilation (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2–2.3), and pneumonia (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 2.1–3.3) (Table 2). Figure 1 Table 1 Table 2 Conclusion Although influenza-related hospitalization rates decreased with increasing age, severe outcomes were more common among hospitalized older children. Room for improvement exists in influenza vaccination coverage and antiviral use. While 20% of children were admitted to ICU, death was uncommon. Disclosures Sue Kim, MPH, Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) (Grant/Research Support) Melissa Sutton, MD, MPH, CDC funding (Emerging Infections Program) (Grant/Research Support) Evan J. Anderson, MD, Sanofi Pasteur (Scientific Research Study Investigator)

scholarly journals High vaccination coverage, inadequate knowledge and high vector density: Findings from a community-based cross-sectional study on Japanese Encephalitis in Yangon, Myanmar

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Pyae Phyo Kyaw ◽  
Hemant Deepak Shewade ◽  
Nang Thu Thu Kyaw ◽  
Khaing Hnin Phyo ◽  
Htar Htar Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multi Stage

Background: Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a mosquito-borne disease with high case fatality and no specific treatment. Little is known about the community’s (especially parents/guardians of children) awareness regarding JE and its vaccine in Yangon region, which bears the highest JE burden in Myanmar. Methods: We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study in Yangon region (2019) to explore the knowledge and perception of parents/guardians of 1-15 year-old children about JE disease, its vaccination and to describe JE vaccine coverage among 1-15 year-old children. We followed multi-stage random sampling (three stages) to select the 600 households with 1-15 year-old children from 30 clusters in nine townships. Analyses were weighted (inverse probability sampling) for the multi-stage sampling design. Results: Of 600 parents/guardians, 38% exhibited good knowledge of JE, 55% perceived JE as serious in  children younger than 15 years and 59% perceived the vaccine to be effective. Among all the children in the 600 households, the vaccination coverage was 97% (831/855). Conclusion: In order to reduce JE incidence in the community, focus on an intensified education program is necessary to sustain the high vaccine coverage in the community.

scholarly journals 2761. Interventions to Improve Influenza Vaccination Coverage in Children with Medical Comorbidities: A Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S973-S974
Author(s):  
Daniel Norman ◽  
Rosanne Barnes ◽  
Margie Danchin ◽  
Holly Seale ◽  
Hannah C Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Parental Knowledge ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Comorbidities

Abstract Background Influenza vaccination is the most effective influenza prevention tool for children with medical comorbidities. Despite this, coverage remains inadequate. Numerous interventions to improve vaccination coverage have been assessed, yet there remains a paucity of data comparing the relative efficacy and effectiveness of different interventions. Methods We searched MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, CINAHL, CENTRAL, and Web of Science (1980 to March 2019) for studies evaluating interventions which sought to improve influenza vaccine coverage in children with medical comorbidities. Interventions were divided into those targeting parents, targeting vaccination providers, and targeting the hospital, clinic or ward. Screening and data extraction from publications meeting inclusion criteria was performed by two reviewers. Results were pooled and meta-analyses were performed using Mantel–Haenszel random-effects models in Review Manager 5. Results 35 articles met inclusion criteria; 14 cross-sectional, 12 randomized trials, and 9 cohort studies, 25 articles had sufficient data for pooled analysis. Of the included interventions, 17 were based within primary care or community-based settings, 17 were based in hospitals or tertiary clinics, and 1 intervention was conducted across both primary and tertiary settings. Interventions overall increased influenza vaccination likelihood by 33% (RR = 1.33: 95% CI 1.31, 1.35). Interventions targeting providers’ influenza vaccine knowledge increased vaccine coverage (RR = 1.42: 95% CI 1.36, 1.49) greater than those targeting parental knowledge (RR = 1.23: 95% CI 1.21, 1.26). Conversely, vaccination reminders targeting parents increased vaccine coverage (RR = 1.53: 95% CI 1.49, 1.58) greater than reminders targeting providers (RR = 1.23: 95% CI 1.20, 1.27). Interventions targeting hospitals, clinics or ward processes had the weakest impact on coverage (RR = 1.15: 95% CI 1.13, 1.17). Conclusion Interventions targeting parents, providers, and places individually have all shown to improve influenza vaccination in children with medical comorbidities. However, specifically targeting providers’ vaccine knowledge and parental reminders appear to have the greatest impact on vaccine uptake. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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