scholarly journals Effect of Preexisting Immunity to Tetanus Toxoid on the Efficacy of Tetanus Toxoid-Conjugated Heroin Vaccine in Mice

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 573
Author(s):  
Essie Komla ◽  
Oscar B. Torres ◽  
Rashmi Jalah ◽  
Agnieszka Sulima ◽  
Zoltan Beck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Tetanus Toxoid ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Carrier Protein ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Liposome Formulation ◽  
Current Therapies ◽  
Complementary Strategy ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Behavioral Assays

Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a serious health problem that has dramatically increased over the last decade. Although current therapies for the management of OUD can be effective, they have limitations. The complementary strategy to combat the opioid crisis is the development of a conjugate vaccine to generate high affinity antibodies in order to neutralize opioids in circulation before reaching the brain. The components of an opioid vaccine include an opioid hapten (6-AmHap) that is conjugated to a carrier protein (tetanus toxoid) with the addition of adjuvants (Army Liposome Formulation adsorbed to aluminum hydroxide-ALFA). There is no consensus in the literature as to whether preexisting immunity to the carrier protein may impact the immunogenicity of the conjugate vaccine by inducing an enhanced or suppressed immune response to the hapten. Here, we investigated whether pre-exposure to tetanus toxoid would affect the immunogenicity and efficacy of the heroin vaccine, TT-6-AmHap. Mice were primed with diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine at weeks -4 and -2, then immunized with TT-6-AmHap vaccine at weeks 0, 3, and 6. Using ELISA and behavioral assays, we found that preexisting immunity to tetanus toxoid had no influence on the immunogenicity and efficacy of the TT-6-AmHap vaccine.

scholarly journals Effects of extended-release naltrexone on the brain response to drug-related stimuli in patients with opioid use disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 254-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenhao Shi ◽  
An-Li Wang ◽  
Kanchana Jagannathan ◽  
Victoria P. Fairchild ◽  
Charles P. O’Brien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extended Release ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Opioid use disorder and the brain: a clinical perspective

Addiction ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Herlinger ◽  
Anne Lingford‐Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Clinical Perspective ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals An Effective and Safe Novel Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder: Unilateral Transcranial Photobiomodulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredric Schiffer ◽  
Alaptagin Khan ◽  
Elizabeth Bolger ◽  
Edward Flynn ◽  
William P. Seltzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Treatment ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Active Group ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
The Brain

Background: The opioid epidemic is a global tragedy even with current treatments, and a novel, safe, and effective treatment would be welcomed. We report here our findings from our second randomized controlled trial to evaluate unilateral transcranial photobiomodulation as a treatment for opioid use disorder.Methods: We enrolled 39 participants with active opioid cravings at 2 sites, 19 received the active treatment which consisted of a 4-min twice weekly (every 3 or 4 days) application of a light-emitting diode at 810 nm with an irradiance of 250 mW/cm2 and a fluence of 60 J/cm2 to the forehead over either the left or right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex with a fluence to the brain of 2.1 J/cm2. Twenty participants received a sham treatment with the same device with foil over the bulb. The side of the treatment was based on Dual-Brain Psychology, which posits that one hemisphere is more affected by past maltreatments and is more prone to anxiety and drug cravings that the other hemisphere. We treated the hemisphere with the more positive hemispheric emotional valence (HEV) by 2 tests for HEV.Results: Our primary outcome was changes in pre-treatment opioid craving scale (OCS) minus baseline, and we found using a mixed model that the active group had a highly significant treatment * time benefit over the sham group, p < 0.0001, effect size at the last follow-up of 1.5. The active treatment benefited those not on buprenorphine as well as those not on it. The TimeLine Follow Back measure of opioid use was significantly better in the actively treated group, p = 0.0001, with an effect size of 0.45. We observed no adverse effects.Conclusion: Active unilateral transcranial photobiomodulation to the brain hemisphere with the better HEV was better than sham in the reduction of opioid cravings and opioid use to a very significant degree in a RCT of 39 participants at 2 independent sites. In the active group those on buprenorphine and those not on it both had improvements in cravings over the study. No adverse responses were reported in either group. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04340622.

L'esperienza clinica con Levometadone nel trattamento del disturbo da uso di oppiacei

MISSION ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
Marco Riglietta ◽  
Paolo Donadoni ◽  
Grazia Carbone ◽  
Caterina Pisoni ◽  
Franca Colombi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Racemic Mixture ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
The Real ◽  
New Formulation

In Italy, at the end of the 1970s, methadone hydrochloride was introduced for the treatment of opioid use disorder, in the form of a racemic mixture consisting of levomethadone and dextromethadone.In 2015 Levometadone was introduced, a new formulation marketed in Italy for the treatment of opioid use disorder in 2015.The article aims to bring the experience of an Italian Addiction Centre back to the use of this new formulation in the "real life" analyzing the efficacy, the trend of adverse events and pharmacological iterations in a context in which the treated population often uses besides the opiates, cocaine and alcohol, are burdened by a relevant physical and psychic comorbidity and frequently have a prescribed polypharmacy.

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