scholarly journals A Novel Recombinant Newcastle Disease Vaccine Improves Post- In Ovo Vaccination Survival with Sustained Protection against Virulent Challenge

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 953
Author(s):  
Valerie C. Marcano ◽  
Stivalis Cardenas-Garcia ◽  
Diego G. Diel ◽  
Luciana H. Antoniassi da Silva ◽  
Robert M. Gogal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Challenge Virus ◽  
Infectious Dose ◽  
Live Vaccines ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Antisense Sequence ◽  
Virulent Challenge ◽  
Chicken Eggs

In ovo vaccination has been employed by the poultry industry for over 20 years to control numerous avian diseases. Unfortunately, in ovo live vaccines against Newcastle disease have significant limitations, including high embryo mortality and the inability to induce full protection during the first two weeks of life. In this study, a recombinant live attenuated Newcastle disease virus vaccine containing the antisense sequence of chicken interleukin 4 (IL-4), rZJ1*L-IL4R, was used. The rZJ1*L-IL4R vaccine was administered in ovo to naïve specific pathogen free embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs) and evaluated against a homologous challenge. Controls included a live attenuated recombinant genotype VII vaccine based on the virus ZJ1 (rZJ1*L) backbone, the LaSota vaccine and diluent alone. In the first of two experiments, ECEs were vaccinated at 18 days of embryonation (DOE) with either 104.5 or 103.5 50% embryo infectious dose (EID50/egg) and chickens were challenged at 21 days post-hatch (DPH). In the second experiment, 103.5 EID50/egg of each vaccine was administered at 19 DOE, and chickens were challenged at 14 DPH. Chickens vaccinated with 103.5 EID50/egg of rZJ1*L-IL4R had hatch rates comparable to the group that received diluent alone, whereas other groups had significantly lower hatch rates. All vaccinated chickens survived challenge without displaying clinical disease, had protective hemagglutination inhibition titers, and shed comparable levels of challenge virus. The recombinant rZJ1*L-IL4R vaccine yielded lower post-vaccination mortality rates compared with the other in ovo NDV live vaccine candidates as well as provided strong protection post-challenge.

scholarly journals Novel Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus-Based In Ovo Vaccines Bypass Maternal Immunity to Provide Full Protection from Early Virulent Challenge

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1189
Author(s):  
Kiril M. Dimitrov ◽  
Tonya L. Taylor ◽  
Valerie C. Marcano ◽  
Dawn Williams-Coplin ◽  
Timothy L. Olivier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Maternal Antibodies ◽  
Post Challenge ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Challenge Virus ◽  
Virus Shedding ◽  
Maternal Immunity ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Virulent Challenge ◽  
Full Protection

Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most economically important poultry diseases. Despite intensive efforts with current vaccination programs, this disease still occurs worldwide, causing significant mortality even in vaccinated flocks. This has been partially attributed to a gap in immunity during the post-hatch period due to the presence of maternal antibodies that negatively impact the replication of the commonly used live vaccines. In ovo vaccines have multiple advantages and present an opportunity to address this problem. Currently employed in ovo ND vaccines are recombinant herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT)-vectored vaccines expressing Newcastle disease virus (NDV) antigens. Although proven efficient, these vaccines have some limitations, such as delayed immunogenicity and the inability to administer a second HVT vaccine post-hatch. The use of live ND vaccines for in ovo vaccination is currently not applicable, as these are associated with high embryo mortality. In this study, recombinant NDV-vectored experimental vaccines containing an antisense sequence of avian interleukin 4 (IL4R) and their backbones were administered in ovo at different doses in 18-day-old commercial eggs possessing high maternal antibodies titers. The hatched birds were challenged with virulent NDV at 2 weeks-of-age. Post-hatch vaccine shedding, post-challenge survival, challenge virus shedding, and humoral immune responses were evaluated at multiple timepoints. Recombinant NDV (rNDV) vaccinated birds had significantly reduced post-hatch mortality compared with the wild-type LaSota vaccine. All rNDV vaccines were able to penetrate maternal immunity and induce a strong early humoral immune response. Further, the rNDV vaccines provided protection from clinical disease and significantly decreased virus shedding after early virulent NDV challenge at two weeks post-hatch. The post-challenge hemagglutination-inhibition antibody titers in the vaccinated groups remained comparable with the pre-challenge titers, suggesting the capacity of the studied vaccines to prevent efficient replication of the challenge virus. Post-hatch survival after vaccination with the rNDV-IL4R vaccines was dose-dependent, with an increase in survival as the dose decreased. This improved survival and the dose-dependency data suggest that novel attenuated in ovo rNDV-based vaccines that are able to penetrate maternal immunity to elicit a strong immune response as early as 14 days post-hatch, resulting in high or full protection from virulent challenge, show promise as a contributor to the control of Newcastle disease.

scholarly journals Efficacy of a genotype 2 Newcastle disease vaccine (Avinew®) against challenge with highly virulent genotypes 5d and 3d

2009 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.G. Bwala ◽  
C. Abolnik ◽  
A. Van Wyk ◽  
E. Cornelius ◽  
S.P.R. Bisschop
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Challenge Virus ◽  
Genotype 2 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Newcastle Disease Vaccine

Since 2002, following its introduction, the lineage 5d Newcastle disease virus (so-called Goose paramyxovirus -GPMV) strain has caused numerous disease outbreaks among commercial and backyard poultry in South Africa, raising questions about the ability of commercially available Newcastle disease vaccines to fully protect poultry against the strain. This study aimed to determine whether there are differences in the level of protection offered by Avinew® Newcastle disease vaccine against GPMV virus as compared with a 3d Newcastle disease virus isolated in South Africa in 1993 (Rainbow challenge virus - RCV) strain. Six groups of 10-day-old, specific pathogen-free chickens were vaccinated with doses of 103.0, 104.5 and 106.0 EID50 of Avinew® vaccine and challenged at 4 weeks of age intramuscularly at a dose of 105.3EID50/ 0.2 mℓ/bird of GPMV and RCV. No statistically significant difference could be found in the protection offered by Avinew® vaccine against GPMV as compared to RCV challenge. The protection offered against the ND challenge was found to be dose dependent. At the recommended field dose of 106.0 EID50 the vaccine gave 100 % protection from mortality against both the challenge viruses, but not against infection and replication of the viruses, as gross lesions were evident even in apparently healthy birds that survived the challenge. The protective dose (PD90) of the Avinew® vaccine against GPMV challenge was calculated at 104.38 and against that of RCV at 104.43.

scholarly journals Construction and Immunogenicity of Novel Chimeric Virus-Like Particles Bearing Antigens of Infectious Bronchitis Virus and Newcastle Disease Virus

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Wu ◽  
Xiwen Zhai ◽  
Yan Lai ◽  
Lei Zuo ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Vaccine Platform ◽  
Virus Like Particles ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Virulent Challenge ◽  
Carboxy Terminal

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) are two poultry pathogens seriously affecting the poultry industry. Here, IBV S1 and the ectodomain of NDV F proteins were separately linked with the trans-membrane and carboxy-terminal domain of IBV S protein (STMCT), composing rS and rF; thus, a novel chimeric infectious bronchitis-Newcastle disease (IB-ND) virus-like particles (VLPs) vaccine containing the rS, rF, and IBV M protein was constructed. Under the transmission electron microscope (TEM), VLPs possessing similar morphology to natural IBV were observed. To evaluate the immunogenicity of chimeric IB-ND VLPs, specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens were immunized with three increasing doses (50, 75, and 100 μg protein of VLPs). Results of ELISAs detecting IBV and NDV specific antibodies and IL-4 and IFN-γ T cell cytokines indicated that vaccination with chimeric IB-ND VLPs could efficiently induce humoral and cellular immune responses. In the challenge study, chimeric IB-ND VLPs (100 μg protein) provided 100% protection against IBV or NDV virulent challenge from death, and viral RNA levels in tissues and swabs were greatly reduced. Collectively, chimeric IB-ND VLPs are highly immunogenic and could provide complete protection from an IBV or NDV virulent challenge. Chimeric IB-ND VLPs are an appealing vaccine candidate and a promising vaccine platform bearing multivalent antigens.

Effect of In Ovo Administered Reovirus Vaccines on Immune Responses of Specific-Pathogen-Free Chickens

10.1637/7087 ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 224-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Y. Guo ◽  
J. J. Giambrone ◽  
Z. Liu ◽  
T. V. Dormitorio ◽  
Hongzhuan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Specific Pathogen Free ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Specific Pathogen

scholarly journals New Murine Model for the Study of Chlamydia trachomatis Genitourinary Tract Infections in Males

2004 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 4210-4216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukumar Pal ◽  
Ellena M. Peterson ◽  
Luis M. de la Maza
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltrate ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Genitourinary Tract ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Infectious Dose ◽  
Cell Mediated Immune Response ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACT The lack of an experimental model has significantly limited the understanding of the pathogenesis of Chlamydia trachomatis infections in males. In an attempt to establish a model using the natural route of infection, we inoculated male mice in the meatus urethra. To establish the 50% infectious dose (ID50), C3H/HeN (H-2k ) male mice were inoculated in the meatus urethra with doses ranging from 101 to 107 inclusion-forming units (IFU) of C. trachomatis mouse pneumonitis biovar (MoPn) and were euthanized at 10 days postinfection (p.i.). Approximately 50% of the animals inoculated with 5 × 104 IFU had positive cultures of the urethra, urinary bladder, epididymides, and/or testes. Subsequently, to characterize the course of the infection, a group of animals was inoculated with 106 IFU/mouse (20 times the ID50). Positive cultures from the urethra, urinary bladder, epididymides, and testes were obtained from the animals. The infection peaked in the first 2 weeks p.i. and subsequently declined over the 7 weeks of observation. C. trachomatis-specific antibodies were first detected in serum by 2 weeks p.i. and rose over the period of observation. The titers of immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) were 16-fold higher than those of IgG1. A lymphoproliferative assay using splenocytes and local lymph nodes showed a strong cell-mediated immune response. Levels of gamma interferon were significantly higher than those of interleukin-4 in the supernatants from stimulated lymphocytes. An acute inflammatory infiltrate consisting of polymorphonuclear leukocytes was detected in the urethra at 1 week p.i. At 3 weeks p.i., a mixed acute and chronic inflammatory infiltrate was observed in the urethra that by 5 to 6 weeks was mainly composed of mononuclear cells. Similar findings were also observed in the urinary bladder, although the inflammatory infiltrate was delayed by approximately a week relative to that in the urethra. Sections of the epididymides showed a focal acute inflammatory infiltrate at 2 weeks p.i. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated multiple chlamydial inclusions in the epithelium of the urethra and urinary bladder. No chlamydial inclusions were observed in the epididymides or testes. In conclusion, inoculation of male mice in the meatus urethra with C. trachomatis MoPn results in an infection of the genitourinary tract that closely parallels that described in humans. This model should help to characterize the pathogenesis of chlamydial infections in males and to test therapeutic and preventive measures.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a thermostable Newcastle disease virus strain TS09-C as an in-ovo vaccine for chickens

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. e0172812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoyuan Wen ◽  
Lintao Li ◽  
Qingzhong Yu ◽  
Hongling Wang ◽  
Qingping Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Virus Strain ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Newcastle Disease Virus Strain ◽  
In Ovo

scholarly journals STUDY THE EFFECT OF MYCOPLASMA CONTAMINATION OF EGGS USED IN VIRUS TITRATION AND EFFICACY OF SOME LIVE ATTENUATED POULTRY VIRAL VACCINES

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwa Fathy ◽  
Mounir M. El-safty ◽  
Jakeen K. El-jakee ◽  
Howaida I. Abd-alla ◽  
Hala Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Mycoplasma Gallisepticum ◽  
Infectious Bursal Disease ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
Bursal Disease ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Viral Vaccines

ABSTRACTObjective: The study of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) infection is needed, not only to understand the disease process but also to understand theinterference with the evaluation of some live viral poultry vaccines. This study aims to investigate the titration and potency of some live attenuatedpoultry viral vaccines; Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis, infectious bursal disease, and Reo in both specific pathogen-free (SPF) embryonatedchicken eggs (ECEs) and chickens.Methods: Titration of live attenuated viral poultry vaccines in ECEs was carried out by dividing the inoculated eggs into four groups; the pre-,simultaneously-, post-, and non-MG contaminated. MG effect on the potency test was carried out using seventeen groups of SPF chickens (25 chicken/group) placed into separate isolators. Each live attenuated viral poultry vaccine was inoculated into 4 groups.Results: The highest titer of these vaccines that appeared in MG pre- contaminated ECEs were 1011, 107.5, 107.9, and 10, respectively. The lowest vaccinetiters that appeared in non-MG contaminated ECEs were 108, 106, 106.8, and 1067.5, respectively. Although the potency of these previous vaccines indicated thatthe highest antibodies titer that appeared in MG pre-infected vaccinated chickens were 7.5 log, 36 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay unit (EU), and42 EU, respectively; the lowest antibodies titer that appeared in non-MG infected vaccinated chickens were 6.5 log22, 12 EU, 17 EU, and 10 EU, respectively.Conclusion: The present study findings underline the importance of using Mycoplasma -free eggs or chicken for the production of virus vaccines.Keywords: Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Newcastle disease virus, Infectious bronchitis virus, Infectious bursal disease virus, Reo virus, Chicken, Specificpathogen-free eggs.

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