Isolation and Histopathological Changes Associated with Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria in Lymph Nodes Condemned at a Bovine Slaughterhouse

Background: non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infect humans and animals and have a critical confounding effect on the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis. The Official Mexican Standard (Norma Oficial Mexicana, NOM-ZOO-031-1995) for food safety regulates Mycobacterium bovis in cattle, but not the NTM species. The study’s objective was to isolate and identify the NTM present in condemned bovine lymph nodes in a slaughterhouse, characterize the histological lesions, and correlate bacteriological and microscopic findings with the antemortem tuberculin skin test. Methods: from 528 cattle, one or two pooled samples of lymph nodes from each animal were cultured for Mycobacteria spp. and processed for histopathology. Results: mycobacteria were isolated from 54/528 (10.2%) of the condemned lymph nodes; 25/54 (46.2%) of these isolates were NTM; 4 bacteriological cultures with fungal contamination were discarded. Granulomatous and pyogranulomatous inflammation were present in 6/21 (28.6%) and 7/21 (33.3%) of the NTM-positive lymph nodes, respectively. The species of NTM associated with granulomatous lymphadenitis were M. scrofulaceum, M. triviale, M. terrae, and M. szulgai, while those causing pyogranulomatous lesions were M. szulgai, M. kansasii, M. phlei, and M. scrofulaceum. Conclusions: the NTM infections can cause false-positive results in the tuberculin test because of cross immune reactivity and interference with the postmortem identification of M. bovis in cattle.

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Distribution and expression of esat-6 and cfp-10 in non-tuberculous mycobacteria isolated from lymph nodes of slaughtered cattle in Switzerland

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation ◽

10.1177/1040638718824074 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 217-221 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Simone Scherrer ◽

Patricia Landolt ◽

Ute Friedel ◽

Roger Stephan

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Skin Testing ◽

Control Program ◽

Interferon Γ ◽

Immune Reactivity ◽

Tuberculin Skin Testing ◽

Tuberculosis Control ◽

Release Assay ◽

Positive Results

The most commonly used tools for tuberculosis testing in cattle, the tuberculin skin test and the interferon-γ release assay, detect immune reactivity to various antigens of Mycobacterium bovis, including ESAT-6 and CFP-10. However, some non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) can also harbor the cfp-10 and/or esat-6 genes, which can lead to false-positive results. We tested 77 NTM isolates belonging to 22 different species from lymph nodes of healthy slaughtered cattle for the occurrence of cfp-10 and esat-6. Most isolates did not harbor cfp-10 and esat-6. However, M. gordonae, ‘M. lymphaticum’, M. kansasii, and M. persicum were cfp-10 positive. The esat-6 gene was found in M. kansasii and M. persicum. Protein expression of cfp-10 and esat-6 could be detected for M. kansasii and M. persicum. An effective tuberculosis control program based on interferon-γ release assays and tuberculin skin testing is dependent on further monitoring and characterization of NTM in a cattle population.

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Cytopathology Lymphadenopathy Feature in HIV Positve Patient: Diagnosis Tools Comorbidities

Journal Of Medicine & Health ◽

10.28932/jmh.v1i3.517 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Hasrayati Agustina ◽

Yenni Wisudarma ◽

Ris Kristiana ◽

Bethy S. Hernowo

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Medical Records ◽

Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Needle Aspiration ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Tuberculous Lymphadenitis ◽

Patient Diagnosis ◽

Granulomatous Lymphadenitis ◽

Anatomical Pathology

Lymphadenopathy is enlarged lymph nodes caused by infection, inflammation or malignancy. On HIV positive patients, lymphadenopathy is one of the most common clinical manifestations and it is usually persistent. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is an effective cytology technique in determining the diagnosis of lymphadenopathy. This study aimed to describe the cytopathology of lymphadenopathy in HIV positive patients. This is a descriptive study of 21 cases of lymphadenopathy in patients with HIV positive who underwent FNAB examination in Anatomical Pathology Department of Dr.Hasan Sadikin Hospital between 2013-2014. Medical data was taken from the patient medical records including age, sex, location, size and cytopathological diagnosis. Cytopathology overview of FNAB specimens were reassessed by 2 pathologists. In this study, lymphadenopathy in HIV positive patients were mainly found in men (n = 15.71%) with an average age between 20-30 years. The most frequent location was the neck (n = 20.95.2%). The lymph nodes size were found between 0.5-3 cm. Most diagnosis was tuberculous lymphadenitis (n = 15.71%) with the most common cytology feature was granulomatous lymphadenitis (n = 5.33.3%) and suppurative lymphadenitis (n = 5.33.3%). FNAB examination in lymphadenopathy is very helpful to identify the cause of infection in HIV positive patients. Keywords: FNAB, HIV, lymphadenopathy, cytopathology

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Sarcoidosis and Sarcoid Reactions in Endometrial Cancer Cases Masquerading Advanced Stage Malignancy

Current Women s Health Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573404817666210208163237 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Author(s):

Serkan Akis ◽

Canan Kabaca ◽

Esra Keles ◽

Handan Cetiner ◽

Hatice Akay

Keyword(s):

Endometrial Cancer ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Uterine Cavity ◽

Standardized Uptake Value ◽

Granulomatous Inflammation ◽

Pathological Examination ◽

Pet Ct ◽

Granulomatous Lesions ◽

Granulomatous Lymphadenitis

Background: Sarcoidosis is usually diagnosed by ruling out other granulomatous inflammatory diseases. Rarely, it may be suspected with a pathological examination after surgical intervention for another disease. The sarcoid reaction is noninfectious granulomatous lymphadenitis which can occur at nodes draining a neoplasm. We demonstrated granulomatous lesions masquerading metastasis by Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) in endometrial cancer. We presented two cases of endometrial cancer with sarcoidosis and sarcoid-like reactions because of their challenging clinical and radiological findings. Cases: In case 1, there was diffuse granulomatous inflammation (no metastasis) in lymph nodes (n=92) and giant cells containing calcifications (Schaumann bodies). In case 2, PET/CT revealed hypermetabolism with malignancy suspicion in the pelvic lymph nodes (maximum standardized uptake value= 13) and pathological evaluation reported a 4.5 cm tumor within the uterine cavity without any nodal metastasis. Results: PET/CT has no role in the evaluation of differential diagnosis between granulomatous lymphadenitis and metastatic disease. Conclusions: Granulomatous lesions might mimic the metastasis of coexisting malignant diseases.

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Systemic acanthamoebiasis associated with canine distemper in dogs in the semiarid region of Paraíba, Brazil

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-736x2015000200011 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 160-164 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Maria T.S. Frade ◽

Luiza F. de Melo ◽

Clarice R.M. Pessoa ◽

Jeann L. de Araújo ◽

Rafael A. Fighera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Parietal Cortex ◽

Systemic Disease ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Canine Distemper ◽

Free Living ◽

Gross Lesions ◽

Microscopic Findings

Infections by free-living amoebae can cause systemic disease in animals and humans. We describe the epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of disseminated acanthamoebiasis associated with canine distemper in three dogs of the semiarid region of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil. Affected dogs developed progressive neurological and respiratory signs that progressed to death within in two to 20 days. Gross lesions were irregular and with yellow-reddish nodules randomly distributed in the lungs, heart, kidneys, spleen, lymph nodes, adrenals, and intestine. One dog had foci of malacia in the parietal cortex and another one in nucleus of brain basis. Histologically, pyogranulomas with areas of necrosis and hemorrhage in all organs affected were observed, associated with myriads of intralesional amoebic trophozoites. All three cases were concomitant canine distemper, that possibly triggered immunosuppression in the dogs. The diagnosis was performed through microscopic findings of infection by free-living amoebae and confirmed Acanthamoeba sp. by immunohistochemistry

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Atypical axillary lymphadenopathy mimicking an occult breast carcinoma in a patient diagnosed with sarcoidosis: case report

Mastology ◽

10.29289/259453942020v30s1004 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Suppl 1) ◽

Author(s):

Paula Clarke ◽

Carolina Nazareth Valadares ◽

Douglas de Miranda Pires ◽

Nayara Carvalho de Sá

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Case Report ◽

Breast Carcinoma ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽

Breast Lesions ◽

Axillary Lymph ◽

Axillary Lymphadenopathy ◽

Granulomatous Lymphadenitis ◽

Occult Breast Carcinoma

Introduction: Occult breast carcinoma is a rare presentation of breast cancer, with histological evidence of axillary lymph node involvement and clinical and radiological absence of malignant breast lesions. Its survival is similar to that of the usual presentation. The treatment consists of modified radical mastectomy or axillary drainage with breast irradiation, resulting in similar survival, associated with systemic therapy according to the staging. Neoadjuvant therapy should be considered in N2-3 axillary cases. Differential diagnoses of axillary lymphadenopathies include: non-granulomatous causes (reactive, lymphoma, metastatic carcinoma) and granulomatous causes (infectious – toxoplasmosis, tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, atypical mycobacteria). Objectives: To report the case of a patient who needed a differential diagnosis among the various causes of axillary lymphadenopathy. Methods: This is a literature review conducted in the PubMed database, using the keywords "granulomatous lymphadenitis", "breast sarcoidosis", "occult breast cancer". Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. Case report: V.F.S., female, 51 years old, was referred to an evaluation of axillary lymphadenopathy in May 2019. She was followed by the department of pulmonology due to mediastinal sarcoidosis since 2017. Physical examination indicated breasts without changes. Axillary lymph nodes had increased volume and were mobile and fibroelastic. Mammography revealed only axillary lymph nodes with bilaterally increased density, and the ultrasound showed the presence of atypical bilateral lymph nodes. Neither presented breast lesions. Axillary lymph node core biopsy was compatible with granulomatous lymphadenitis. This result corroborates the diagnosis of sarcoidosis affecting peripheral lymph nodes. The patient was referred back to the department of pulmonology, with no specific treatment since she is oligosymptomatic. Discussion: Despite the context of benign granulomatous disease, malignancy overlying the condition of sarcoidosis must be ruled out. The biopsy provided a safe and definitive diagnosis, excluding the possibility of occult breast carcinoma. The patient will continue to undergo breast cancer screening as indicated for her age and usual risk. Conclusion: In the presentation of axillary lymphadenopathy, the mastologist must know the various diagnoses to be considered. The most feared include lymphoma and carcinoma metastasis with occult primary site. A proper workup can determine the diagnosis and guide the appropriate treatment.

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To The Question Of Carrying Out Of Reconstructively - Regenerative Operations At Patients With Colo- And Ileo-Stomy

European Medical Health and Pharmaceutical Journal ◽

10.12955/emhpj.v1i0.323 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

Author(s):

T Isakulov ◽

Sh Mamatkulov ◽

S Rahmanov ◽

S Matkarimov

Keyword(s):

Surgical Treatment ◽

Inpatient Treatment ◽

Postoperative Management ◽

Infectious Complications ◽

Test Methods ◽

Preoperative Preparation ◽

Postoperative Wound ◽

Period 2 ◽

Comprehensive Examination ◽

Positive Results

The article analyses a surgical treatment of 506 patients taking inpatient treatment in the Center for colon proctology. All the patients underwent a comprehensive examination including radiological and tool test methods in addition to conventional clinical and laboratory ones. On the basis of the complex study, indications, volume and terms of surgery performance were determined. Performance of pre- and postoperative management of patients is substantiated in details. Postoperatively, 28 (5.5%) had postoperative wound pyesis in the region of the previous colostomy. In the postoperative period 2 (0.4%) deaths of patients were caused with peritonitis which occurred due to incompetence of anastomosis sutures. Rehabilitation of stomed patients is one of challenges in colorectal surgery. Positive results treatment can be obtained only at carrying out of a comprehensive out-patient and inpatient preoperative preparation including recommendations in diet, colostome care, hydrogymnastics of the disconnected part of the intestine and prevention of infectious complications.

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Conventional and Molecular Detection of Avipoxviruses from Chickens, Pigeons and Turkeys

Mansoura Veterinary Medical Journal ◽

10.35943/mvmj.2019.01.1014 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 85-91 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Samah Mosad

Keyword(s):

Molecular Detection ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Cutaneous Lesions ◽

Agar Gel ◽

Hyperimmune Serum ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Indirect Immunoperoxidase ◽

Pooled Samples ◽

Positive Results ◽

Precipitation Test

In the present study, a total of 90 cutaneous lesions samples were collected from chickens, pigeons, and turkeys farms in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt during summer 2016. These farms suspected to be infected with Avipoxviruses (APVs).Thirty pooled samples were created (10 from chickens, 10 from pigeons and 10 from turkeys). Hyperimmune serum was prepared against standard fowlpox virus in adult white New Zealand rabbits. APV were identified in the collected samples using agar gel precipitation test (AGPT), indirect immunoperoxidase, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based on 4b gene of APVs. The results revealed that out of 30 tested samples there were 16 samples (53.3%) tested positive via AGPT including, 6 chicken samples (60%) , 5 pigeon samples (50%) and 5 turkey samples (50%). while using indirect immunoperoxidase, positive results were detected in 23 samples (76.7%) including, 8 chicken samples (80%), 8 pigeon samples (80%) and 7 turkey samples (70%).The 4b gene of APVs was detected using PCR in all tested samples (100%). In conclusion, Indirect immunoperoxidase is superior over AGPT in APVs detection in collected samples from chickens, pigeons and turkeys. PCR could be efficiently used in molecular diagnosis of the virus.

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Utility of PCR, Culture, and Antigen Detection Methods for Diagnosis of Legionellosis

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.01808-15 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 53 (11) ◽

pp. 3474-3477 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Derrick J. Chen ◽

Gary W. Procop ◽

Sherilynn Vogel ◽

Belinda Yen-Lieberman ◽

Sandra S. Richter

Keyword(s):

Electronic Medical Records ◽

Legionella Pneumophila ◽

Medical Records ◽

Cleveland Clinic ◽

Test Methods ◽

Detection Methods ◽

Content Type ◽

Epidemiologic Factors ◽

Legionnaires Disease ◽

Positive Results

The goal of this retrospective study was to evaluate the performance of different diagnostic tests for Legionnaires' disease in a clinical setting whereLegionella pneumophilaPCR had been introduced. Electronic medical records at the Cleveland Clinic were searched forLegionellaurinary antigen (UAG), culture, and PCR tests ordered from March 2010 through December 2013. For cases where two or more test methods were performed and at least one was positive, the medical record was reviewed for relevant clinical and epidemiologic factors. Excluding repeat testing on a given patient, 19,912 tests were ordered (12,569 UAG, 3,747 cultures, and 3,596 PCR) with 378 positive results. The positivity rate for each method was 0.4% for culture, 0.8% for PCR, and 2.7% for UAG. For 37 patients, at least two test methods were performed with at least one positive result: 10 (27%) cases were positive by all three methods, 16 (43%) were positive by two methods, and 11 (30%) were positive by one method only. For the 32 patients with medical records available, clinical presentation was consistent with proven or probableLegionellainfection in 84% of the cases. For those cases, the sensitivities of culture, PCR, and UAG were 50%, 92%, and 96%, respectively. The specificities were 100% for culture and 99.9% for PCR and UAG.

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Divergent effects of hypoxia on dendritic cell functions

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood-2008-02-142091 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 112 (9) ◽

pp. 3723-3734 ◽

Cited By ~ 110

Author(s):

Alessandra Mancino ◽

Tiziana Schioppa ◽

Paola Larghi ◽

Fabio Pasqualini ◽

Manuela Nebuloni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Mhc Class Ii ◽

Chemokine Receptor ◽

Tissue Repair ◽

Immune Reactivity ◽

Low Oxygen ◽

Cell Functions ◽

Chemokine Receptor Ccr5 ◽

Stimulatory Capacity ◽

Safeguard Mechanism

Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that patrol tissues to sense danger signals and activate specific immune responses. In addition, they also play a role in inflammation and tissue repair. Here, we show that oxygen availability is necessary to promote full monocyte-derived DC differentiation and maturation. Low oxygen tension (hypoxia) inhibits expression of several differentiation and maturation markers (CD1a, CD40, CD80, CD83, CD86, and MHC class II molecules) in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as well as their stimulatory capacity for T-cell functions. These events are paralleled by impaired up-regulation of the chemokine receptor CCR7, an otherwise necessary event for the homing of mature DCs to lymph nodes. In contrast, hypoxia strongly up-regulates production of proinflammatory cytokines, particularly TNFα and IL-1β, as well as the inflammatory chemokine receptor CCR5. Subcutaneous injection of hypoxic DCs into the footpads of mice results in defective DC homing to draining lymph nodes, but enhanced leukocyte recruitment at the site of injection. Thus, hypoxia uncouples the promotion of inflammatory and tissue repair from sentinel functions in DCs, which we suggest is a safeguard mechanism against immune reactivity to damaged tissues.

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Prevalence of bovine tuberculosis and its effects on milk production in Red Chittagong cattle

Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.3329/bjvm.v6i2.2332 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 175-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

MA Rahman ◽

MA Samad

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Positive Reaction ◽

Bovine Tuberculosis ◽

Dairy Farm ◽

Tuberculin Test ◽

Immunochromatographic Assay ◽

Indigenous Cattle ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

Negative Results ◽

Positive Results

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is one of the most prevalent economically important zoonotic diseases and tuberculin test has been widely used to detect its prevalence worldwide. This study used a commercial immunochromatographic assay (ICGA) to detect the prevalence of bTB and to evaluate the differences in milk production between lactating cows with positive and negative results in Bangladesh. Thirty Red Chittagong (indigenous) cattle (RCC) were randomly selected from a herd of 87 RCC maintained at the Bangladesh Agricultural University Dairy Farm (BAUDF), Mymensingh during the period from March to July 2008, of which 30% cattle showed positive reaction to bTB. Of the 30 tested cattle, 35.29% (6/17) lactating cows, 20.0% (1/5) non-lactating pregnant cows, 33.33% (1/3) weaned calves and 20.0% (1/5) unweaned calves showed positive reaction to bTB. The detection of bTB in two calves and their respective mother cows indicates the possible transmission of TB organism through their colostrums / milk. Of the 17 lactating cows, 6 cows had positive and 11 had negative results to bTB. Cows with positive results produced less milk ( mean 1.29 litre / day / cow ) in comparison to cows with negative test ( mean 1.57 litre / day/ cow ) results which appeared as 17.83% reduction of milk production. Further study on the mastitis with or without bTB and its effect on milk production require data of more herds for conclusion of these results. Key words: Red Chittagong cattle, bovine tuberculosis, immunochromatographic assay, milk production doi: 10.3329/bjvm.v6i2.2332 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2008). 6 (2): 175-178

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