scholarly journals Investigation on the Prevalence of Canine Microfilaremia in Thailand Using a Novel Microfluidic Device in Combination with Real-Time PCR

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Sumas Loymek ◽  
Achinya Phuakrod ◽  
Kati Zaelai ◽  
Witsaroot Sripumkhai ◽  
Prapakorn Vongjaroensanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Microfluidic Device ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Filarial Infection ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Prophylactic Drugs ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Low Prevalence

We conducted a survey of canine microfilaraemia in 768 dogs in Chanthaburi, Samut Sakhon, and Narathiwat provinces of Thailand using a novel semi-automated, microfluidic device that is easy and rapid to perform. Microfilariae species were identified using High Resolution Melting real-time PCR (HRM real-time PCR). The prevalence of canine microfilaremia was 16.2% (45/278) in Chanthaburi and 5.5% (12/217) in Samut Sakhon. The prevalence of canine microfilaremia in Narathiwat was 22.7% (67/273). Brugia pahangi and Dirofilaria immitis were the predominant species of filariae found in the infected dogs from Chanthaburi and Narathiwat, respectively. The low prevalence of canine microfilaremia of Samut Sakhon may reflect the success of the Soi Dog foundation’s efforts and the establishment of veterinary control programs. An effective disease control and prevention strategies is needed in Chanthaburi and Narathiwat to reduce the risks of zoonotic transmission of the parasites. An appropriate drug treatment should be given to infected dogs and prophylactic drugs are suggested to be given to dogs age ≤1-year-old to prevent filarial infection. The novel microfluidic device could be implemented for surveillance of filariae infection in other animals.

scholarly journals False positive antigen test for Dirofilaria immitis after heat treatment of the blood sample in a microfilaremic dog infected with Acanthocheilonema dracunculoides

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Szatmári ◽  
Martin Willem van Leeuwen ◽  
Christine Jantine Piek ◽  
Luigi Venco
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Blood Sample ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Antigen Test

Abstract Background Dirofilaria immitis is responsible for heartworm disease in dogs in endemic areas worldwide. Screening for this infection is done by blood tests. Antigen testing is the most sensitive method to detect an infection with adult (female) worms. Microscopic examination of a blood smear or Knott’s test can be used to detect circulating microfilariae, the infective larvae. To increase the sensitivity of the antigen test by decreasing the false negative test results, heating of the blood sample has been recommended in recent guidelines. Heating is believed to remove blocking immune-complexes. Circulating microfilariae are not specific findings for heartworm infection, as other nematodes (among others, Acanthocheilonema dracunculoides) can also result in microfilaremia. Although the type of microfilariae cannot be determined by microscopy alone, real-time PCR can reliably identify the infecting nematode species. Correct identification of the parasite is of major importance, as an infection with D. immitis requires antiparasitic therapy, whereas A. dracunculoides is thought to be a clinically irrelevant coincidental finding. The present case report describes a microfilaremic dog where the initial antigen test for D. immitis turned positive after heat treatment, whereas real-time PCR revealed that the microfilariae were A. dracunculoides (syn. Dipetalonema dracunculoides). Results A circa 5-year old, asymptomatic Spanish mastiff dog was referred for heartworm therapy because microfilariae were found via a screening blood test. The dog was recently imported to the Netherlands from Spain, where it had been a stray dog. Antigen tests on a plasma sample for D. immitis were performed with three different test kits, which all turned out to be negative. However, heat treatment of two of these samples were carried out and both of them led to a positive antigen test result. Real-time PCR showed that the circulating microfilariae belonged to A. dracunculoides species. Three administrations of moxidectin spot-on at monthly intervals resulted in a negative antigen and a negative Knott’s tests one month after the last treatment. Conclusions We conclude that heat treatment of initially negative blood samples for D. immitis could lead to false positive antigen test results if the dog is infected with A. dracunculoides.

scholarly journals VP06.04: The novel screening method based on real‐time PCR for common fetal trisomies

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (S1) ◽  
pp. 76-76
Author(s):  
J. Park ◽  
S. Kim ◽  
S. Lee ◽  
B. Kim ◽  
J. Koo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
The Novel

scholarly journals Comparison of the Novel Partec Rapid Malaria Test to the Conventional Giemsa Stain and the Gold Standard Real-Time PCR

2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 2925-2928 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Nkrumah ◽  
A. Agyekum ◽  
S. E. K. Acquah ◽  
J. May ◽  
E. Tannich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Giemsa Stain ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Malaria Test

scholarly journals Detection of Plasmodium Infection by the illumigene Malaria Assay Compared to Reference Microscopy and Real-Time PCR

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 3037-3045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candace Rypien ◽  
Barbara Chow ◽  
Wilson W. Chan ◽  
Deirdre L. Church ◽  
Dylan R. Pillai
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Lamp Assay ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Blood Specimens ◽  
Significant Cost Reduction ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smears ◽  
The Tropics

ABSTRACT Malaria is one of the leading causes of infectious disease in travelers returning from the tropics. The diagnosis of malaria is typically performed by examining Giemsa-stained thick and thin peripheral blood smears, which is time consuming, labor intensive, and requires high levels of proficiency. Alternatively, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a new molecular method, which is rapid, sensitive, and requires less capital equipment and technological training. We conducted a retrospective study comparing two formats of a commercial LAMP assay (Meridian illumi gene malaria [M] and malaria Plus [MP]) versus reference microscopy on archived blood specimens ( n = 140) obtained from unique returning travelers suspected of having malaria. Discrepant results were resolved by either repeat testing or a laboratory developed ultrasensitive real-time PCR method. On initial testing, the Meridian illumi gene M and MP kits had sensitivities of 97.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 90.7 to 99.7%) and 100.0% (95.1 to 100.0%) and specificities of 93.8% (84.8 to 98.3%) and 91.5% (81.3 to 97.2%), respectively, versus reference microscopy. We project a significant cost reduction in low prevalence settings where malaria is not endemic with LAMP-based malaria screening given the excellent negative predictive value achieved with LAMP.

scholarly journals Comparison of multiplex PCR hybridization-based and singleplex real-time PCR-based assays for detection of low prevalence pathogens in spiked samples

2017 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 76-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna Hockman ◽  
Ming Dong ◽  
Hong Zheng ◽  
Sanjai Kumar ◽  
Matthew D. Huff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Low Prevalence
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