scholarly journals The Effect of Stimulus Area on Global Motion Thresholds in Children and Adults

Vision ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Kimberly Meier ◽  
Deborah Giaschi
Keyword(s):  
Motion Perception ◽  
Spatial Integration ◽  
Global Motion ◽  
Motion Stimulus ◽  
Stimulus Area ◽  
Displacement Condition ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Spatial Displacements ◽  
Late Maturation ◽  
The Impact

Performance on random-dot global motion tasks may reach adult-like levels before 4 or as late as 16 years of age, depending on the specific parameters used to create the stimuli. Later maturation has been found for slower speeds, smaller spatial displacements, and sparser dot arrays. This protracted development on global motion tasks may depend on limitations specific to spatial aspects of a motion stimulus rather than to motion mechanisms per se. The current study investigated the impact of varying stimulus area (9, 36, and 81 deg2) on the global motion coherence thresholds of children 4–6 years old and adults for three signal dot displacements (∆x = 1, 5, and 30 arcmin). We aimed to determine whether children could achieve mature performance for the smallest displacements, a condition previously found to show late maturation, when a larger stimulus area was used. Coherence thresholds were higher in children compared to adults in the 1 and 5 arcmin displacement conditions, as reported previously, and this did not change as a function of stimulus area. However, both children and adults performed better with a larger stimulus area in the 30 arcmin displacement condition only. This suggests that immature spatial integration, as measured by stimulus area, cannot account for immaturities in global motion perception.

The impact of Airbnb on a non-touristic city. A Case study of short-term rentals in Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Spain)

Erdkunde ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-204
Author(s):  
Marcus Hübscher ◽  
Juana Schulze ◽  
Felix zur Lage ◽  
Johannes Ringel
Keyword(s):  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Rental Market ◽  
Rural Space ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Web Scraping ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The Impact

Short-term rentals such as Airbnb have become a persistent element of today’s urbanism around the globe. The impacts are manifold and differ depending on the context. In cities with a traditionally smaller accommodation market, the impacts might be particularly strong, as Airbnb contributes to ongoing touristification processes. Despite that, small and medium-sized cities have not been in the centre of research so far. This paper focuses on Santa Cruz de Tenerife as a medium-sized Spanish city. Although embedded in the touristic region of the Canary Islands, Santa Cruz is not a tourist city per se but still relies on touristification strategies. This paper aims to expand the knowledge of Airbnb’s spatial patterns in this type of city. The use of data collected from web scraping and geographic information systems (GIS) demonstrates that Airbnb has opened up new tourism markets outside of the centrally established tourist accommodations. It also shows that the price gap between Airbnb and the housing rental market is broadest in neighbourhoods that had not experienced tourism before Airbnb entered the market. In the centre the highest prices and the smallest units are identified, but two peripheral quarters stand out. Anaga Mountains, a natural and rural space, has the highest numbers of Airbnb listings per capita. Suroeste, a suburban quarter, shows the highest growth rates on the rental market, which implies a linkage between Airbnb and suburbanization processes.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Ring Roads on the Location Pattern of Shops in Town and City Centres. A Space Syntax Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3927
Author(s):  
Akkelies van Nes
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Space Syntax ◽  
Optimal Location ◽  
Spatial Integration ◽  
Street Network ◽  
Location Pattern ◽  
Ring Road ◽  
Road Projects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
City Centres

This contribution demonstrates how inner ring roads change the location pattern of shops in urban areas with the application of the space syntax method. A market rational behaviour persists, in that shop owners always search for an optimal location to reach as many customers as possible. If the accessibility to this optimal location is affected by changes in a city’s road and street structure, it will affect the location pattern of shops. Initially, case studies of inner ring road projects in Birmingham, Coventry, Wolverhampton, Bristol, Tampere, and Mannheim show how their realisation affect the spatial structure of the street network of these cities and the location pattern of shops. The results of the spatial integration analyses of the street and road network are discussed with reference to changes in land-use before and after the implementation of ring roads, and current space syntax theories. As the results show, how an inner ring road is connected to and the type of the street network it is imposed upon dictates the resulting location pattern of shops. Shops locate and relocate themselves along the most spatially-integrated streets. Evidence on how new road projects influence the location pattern of shops in urban centres are useful for planning sustainable city centres.

scholarly journals The role of cortical area V5/MT+ in speed-tuned directional anisotropies in global motion perception

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 887-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Giaschi ◽  
Amy Zwicker ◽  
Simon Au Young ◽  
Bruce Bjornson
Keyword(s):  
Motion Perception ◽  
Cortical Area ◽  
Global Motion

scholarly journals History and impact of a bean (Phaseolus spp., Leguminosae, Phaseoleae) collection

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-43
Author(s):  
Daniel Debouck ◽  
Marcela Santaella ◽  
Luis Guillermo Santos
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Tropical Agriculture ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Low Phosphorus ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Resources Conservation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Conservation And Management

This work explains the reasons why a bean collection was established in 1973 at the International Center of Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) near Palmira in Colombia. It shows the impact of the collection on plant breeding and in agricultural development through the distribution of germplasm to the center’s bean breeding program, to successively find resistances to pests and diseases, adaptation to low phosphorus and drought, and more recently higher content of iron and zinc in seeds. The collection was also used to progress knowledge in biological sciences, as shown by a dozen of examples. A reason behind these successes was foresight and focus on diversity per se in the collection. The paper ends with a number of suggestions for the way ahead for the genetic resources conservation and management of these bean crops, and possible take-home lessons for curators in charge of other similar collections.

Can Advertising Copy Make FSI Coupons More Effective?

1997 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
France Leclerc ◽  
John D. C. Little
Keyword(s):  
Brand Loyalty ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Product Category ◽  
Consumer Attitudes ◽  
Separate Analysis ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Packaged Goods ◽  
Print Advertisement ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The Impact

Packaged goods manufacturers distribute cents-off coupons in freestanding inserts (FSIs) in newspapers. Free-standing insert coupons are typically composed of two parts: the coupon per se and a print advertisement. Using two laboratory experiments and a separate analysis of coupon measurements from scanner panels, the authors investigate whether the content of the print advertisement influences the effectiveness of the coupon. Theoretical arguments suggest that the impact on consumer attitudes will depend on the executional cues of the copy, the brand loyalty of the consumers, and the consumer's involvement with the product category. The results support the theoretical framework and suggest that it is possible to make FSI coupons more effective by choosing appropriate executional cues for their advertising copy.

scholarly journals Clavulanate Induces Expression of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa AmpC Cephalosporinase at Physiologically Relevant Concentrations and Antagonizes the Antibacterial Activity of Ticarcillin

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 882-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip D. Lister ◽  
Victoria M. Gardner ◽  
Christine C. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Pharmacodynamic Model ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Minimal Level ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Although previous studies have indicated that clavulanate may induce AmpC expression in isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the impact of this inducer activity on the antibacterial activity of ticarcillin at clinically relevant concentrations has not been investigated. Therefore, a study was designed to determine if the inducer activity of clavulanate was associated with in vitro antagonism of ticarcillin at pharmacokinetically relevant concentrations. By the disk approximation methodology, clavulanate induction of AmpC expression was observed with 8 of 10 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. Quantitative studies demonstrated a significant induction of AmpC when clavulanate-inducible strains were exposed to the peak concentrations of clavulanate achieved in human serum with the 3.2- and 3.1-g doses of ticarcillin-clavulanate. In studies with three clavulanate-inducible strains in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model, antagonism of the bactericidal effect of ticarcillin was observed in some tests with regimens simulating a 3.1-g dose of ticarcillin-clavulanate and in all tests with regimens simulating a 3.2-g dose of ticarcillin-clavulanate. No antagonism was observed in studies with two clavulanate-noninducible strains. In contrast to clavulanate, tazobactam failed to induce AmpC expression in any strains, and the pharmacodynamics of piperacillin-tazobactam were somewhat enhanced over those of piperacillin alone against all strains studied. Overall, the data collected from the pharmacodynamic model suggested that induction per se was not always associated with reduced killing but that a certain minimal level of induction by clavulanate was required before antagonism of the antibacterial activity of its companion drug occurred. Nevertheless, since clinically relevant concentrations of clavulanate can antagonize the bactericidal activity of ticarcillin, the combination of ticarcillin-clavulanate should be avoided when selecting an antipseudomonal β-lactam for the treatment of P. aeruginosa infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients. For piperacillin-tazobactam, induction is not an issue in the context of treating this pathogen.

Japan’s Security and Historical Revisionism: Explaining the Variation in Responses to and Impact of Textbook Controversies

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-336
Author(s):  
M. Erika Pollmann
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Collateral Damage ◽  
Historical Revisionism ◽  
Soft Balancing ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Economic Relationship ◽  
The Impact

This article builds on previous academic works to elucidate a theory as to how Japan’s historical revisionism could have a negative impact on Japan’s security. It then tests this theory by examining the impact that the 1982, 1986, 2001 and 2005 controversies had on Japan’s relationships with China, South Korea, Indonesia, the Philippines and Vietnam. It concludes that historical revisionism does not have a significant security impact, defined as audience states’ distancing themselves from Japan, diplomatically ‘soft’ balancing Japan, or militarily ‘hard’ balancing Japan. This research design is an improvement over previous works on this subject because it draws a clear distinction between reaction and impact. Even though it is ‘cheap’ to impute Japanese motives following an act of historical revisionism, it is ‘costly’ to act on such accusations by either distancing from Japan or balancing against Japan. This helps clarify what concerns– if any–Japan should have about the collateral damage arising from historical revisionism. Based on the empirical evidence examined, historical revisionism per se does not pose a serious problem to Japan because the most important determinant of how severe a controversy’s impact on Japan’s relationship with a given audience state is the pre-existing nature of Japan’s security and economic relationship with that state. The most significant consequence of revisionism is that it presents an opening for China—Japan’s main security rival in the region—to attempt to ‘soft’ balance Japan by rallying international opinion against Japan in such a way as to impede other Japanese diplomatic objectives.

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