Economic Security of the European Union in the Context of the Dynamics of Development of Globalized World Economy

The European Union is currently one of the most sophisticated and comprehensively developed examples of regional economic integration. The analysis of selected strategic documents adopted and implemented on the territory of the European Union primarily focused on the economic dimension of further development of this complex and economically interconnected transnational economic complex shows, that one of the main, strategic goals are oriented on the higher economic convergence and cohesion within its internal space, as well as the full range of objectives aimed at maintaining and improving its position in the world economy. Changes in the internal and external economic environment of the European Union, often associated with a certain degree of unpredictability of their effects, determine the dynamics of economic development of the European Union and the degree of economic security achieved. The presented contribution focuses on the study of the formation of a specific model of economic security forming in the environment of the European integration area. In the context of the indicated starting points of the research, the main attention is focused on selected aspects and factors based on the possibility to identify development trends in the processes of shaping economic security within the European integration area. In the process of elaboration of the submitted professional contribution, its authors focused on the following basic research questions: How does the European Union approach the formation of economic security in its internal economic environment formed on the basis of specific national economic complexes of individual member states? Which selected factors need to be examined in the context of monitoring the development of economic security within the European integration area and to follow their development direction? Based on monitoring and predicting the possible future development of selected factors supporting the formation of economic security to deduce how the level of economic security is currently achieved by the European Union and what are the possible future trends in this area? Several methods and procedures were used in the process of processing the submitted paper. The frequency of use of individual methods and procedures was different in individual parts of the presented text. In the process of processing the outputs of the research into a comprehensive text of the submitted paper, the analysis, comparison, as well as the synthesis of collected knowledge, data and information and comprehensive and logically arranged units were most significantly used. Different types of data and data which were the result of the application of various mathematical-statistical methods and procedures, were also used in the process of processing the submitted paper. The outputs of the research of the subject of the paper can be summarised as follows. The European Union currently has the appropriate starting conditions for shaping a comprehensive model of economic security. Inwards, as well as innovations, it acts in the context of economic security as a stable economic actor with a well-developed and well-established economic environment. The economic security of the European Union, as well as other geoeconomic actors, is determined by the dynamics of the development of the global and regional economic environment. In view of the indicated dynamics of development, it will be necessary in the future for the European Union to have created economic structures capable of responding flexibly to these influences and subsequently adapting to them effectively.

Operational Pattern of Urban-Rural Integration Regulated by Land Use in Metropolitan Fringe of China

Due to a lack of the realization mechanism and operational pattern of the urban-rural integration by land use, this study employs land use to regulate interface elements to achieve urban-rural integration development. Therefore, we analyzed urban-rural reality in Pukou District of Nanjing City, a typical metropolitan fringe of China, and investigated farmers’ willingness of typical representative villages. The results show that (1) According to the combination of resource environment, development intensity and development potential, Pukou District is divided into four land use areas, including optimization integration area, key development area, urban agricultural area, and ecotourism area. Most of the investigated farmers have a strong willingness to realize urban-rural integration by land use; (2) This study proposes an operational pattern of regional land use. The pattern is mainly based on “reality + willingness + policy” by using the three tools of “farmland reconsolidation, village reconstruction and factor reallocation”. It achieves urban-rural integration development through “zoning guidance–willingness driven–pattern selection–differentiated tools”.

PRODUÇÃO DO ESPAÇO, TERRITÓRIO E VIOLÊNCIA: uma análise dos homicídios na 4ª e 5ª AISP, Belém-Pará

PRODUCTION OF SPACE, TERRITORY AND VIOLENCE: an analysis of the homicides in the 4th and 5th ASIP, Belém-ParáPRODUCCIÓN DEL ESPACIO, TERRITORIO Y VIOLENCIA: un análisis de los homicidios en la 4ª y 5ª AISP, Belém-ParáRESUMOA insegurança e o temor da violência tem sido um mal cada vez mais presente nas cidades contemporâneas, tanto no cenário nacional como internacional, guardadas as particularidade. O que se entende como violência urbana em grande medida associa-se à criminalidade. Isto obscurece no plano mais amplo o significado da violência urbana, deste modo, ainda que se considere a criminalidade como parte do conteúdo da violência urbana, é importante considerar que a violência está posta no próprio processo de urbanização à medida que tal processo reflete as relações de produção e as relações de classe, isto é, produto e condição para a realização das relações socioespaciais. Na escala de Belém, as reflexões da violência e da criminalidade não prescindem da análise da produção do espaço e das relações socioterritoriais. Deste modo, procurando responder algumas questões que envolvem reflexões acerca da violência urbana, o objetivo do presente artigo consiste em analisar a relação entre a produção do espaço urbano com a criminalidade e a violência, buscando responder quais as principais motivações do crime de homicídio nos bairros do Jurunas, Batista Campos e Guamá, os quais fazem parte da 4ª e 5ª AISP (Área de Integração de Segurança Pública). Os bairros do Jurunas e Batista Campos fazem parte da 4ª AISP e o Guamá compõe a 5ª AISP.Palavras-chave: Produção do Espaço Urbano; Violência; Território; Homicídios.ABSTRACTThe insecurity and the fear of violence have been an uneasiness each time more present in the contemporary cities, both in the national and international scenario, considered the particularities in each case. The urban violence is frequently associated with the criminality, what obscures the meaning of urban violence in a broader perspective. Thus, even if the criminality is considered part of the content of urban violence, it is important to consider that the violence is included in the very process of urbanization since this process reflects the relations of production and the class relations, that is, product and condition to the fulfillment of sociospatial relations. In the scale of Belém, the reflections about violence and criminality do not dispense the analysis of the production of space and of the socioterritorial relations. Thus, in order to answer some questions about urban violence, the present article aims to analyze the relation between the production of urban space, the criminality, and the violence, seeking to identify the main motivations of homicides crimes in the neighborhoods of Jurunas, Batista Campos and Guamá, parts of the 4th and 5th AISP (Public Security Integration Area). The neighborhoods of Jurunas and Batista Campos are parts of the 4th AISP and Guamá composes the 5th AISP.Keywords: Production of Urban Space; Violence; Territory; Homicides.RESUMENInseguridad y miedo de la violencia han sido un malestar cada vez más presente en las ciudades contemporáneas, tanto en el escenario nacional como internacional, guardadas las particularidades. Lo que comúnmente se entiende como violencia urbana está frecuentemente asociada a la criminalidad, esto oscurece en el plano más amplio el significado de la violencia urbana, de este modo, aunque se considere la criminalidad como parte del contenido de la violencia urbana, es importante considerar que la violencia está puesta en el propio proceso de urbanización a medida que tal proceso refleja las relaciones de producción y las relaciones de clase, es decir, producto y condición para la realización de las relaciones socio espaciales. En la escala de Belém, las reflexiones de la violencia y la criminalidad no prescinden del análisis de la producción del espacio y de las relaciones socioterritoriales. De este modo, buscando responder algunas cuestiones que involucran reflexiones acerca de la violencia urbana, el objetivo del presente artículo consiste en analizar la relación entre la producción del espacio urbano con la criminalidad y la violencia, buscando responder cuáles son las principales motivaciones del crimen de homicidio en los barrios de Jurunas, Batista Campos y Guamá, que forman parte del 4º y 5º AISP (Área de Integración de Seguridad Publica). Los barrios del Jurunas y Batista Campos forman parte de la 4ª AISP y el Guamá compone la 5º AISP.Palabras clave: Producción del Espacio Urbano; Violencia; Territorio; Homicidios.

Strategies for Developing the MSMEs of Fisheries Processing Industryin Sukabumi, Indonesia

The purpose of this research is to develop strategies to enhance the performance of MSMEs in the fisheries processing industry in Sukabumi Regency. The data used in the study were obtained from the result of interviews using questionnaires. This research used descriptive analysis, internal-external matrix analysis, IE matrix analysis, SWOT matrix, and QSPM analysis. The research findings obtained from internal and external factor evaluation using the IFE dan EFE matrix found that the industry has a rating of 2.775 and 3.225. The industry’s position is in quadrant II of the IE matrix, which is in the ‘intensive’ and ‘integration’ area. Based on the results of the SWOT analysis and QSPM analysis, four strategies can be carried out. The strategies obtained are expected to be able to answer all existing problems and be able to develop the fisheries processing industry MSMEs in Sukabumi Regency.

Recenzja książki Vasiliki Kosta, Fundamental Rights in EU Internal Market Legislation, Oxford and Portland, Oregon 2015, 330 s.

Implementation of the internal market is one of the basic aims of cooperation between Member States within the EU, being at the same time an integration area that is perceived positively by both their supporters and opponents. Issues related to the implementation of the internal market freedoms are even more interesting in its confrontation with the protection of fundamental rights. This is undoubtedly a significant issue when we think about the degree of identification of the Union citizens with the Union itself. The reviewed monograph takes all the above-mentioned elements, focusing in particular on examining how and to what extent the protection of these rights is implemented in the EU legislation on the internal market. The scientific analysis carried out within its scope covered such important and basic rights as personal data protection, freedom of expression, basic rights related to the performance of work and the right to health protection.

Can integration reduce inequity in healthcare utilization? Evidence and hurdles in China

Background Integration of medical insurance schemes has been prioritized as one of the key strategies to address inequity in China’s health system. The first pilot attempt to integrate started in 2003 and later expanded nationwide. This study aims to assess its intended impact on inequity in inpatient service utilization and identify the main determinants contributing to its ineffectiveness. Methods A total of 49,365 respondents in the pilot integrated area and 77,165 respondents in the non-integration area were extracted from the Fifth National Health Services Survey. A comparative analysis was conducted between two types of areas. We calculate a concentration index (CI) and horizontal inequity index (HI) in inpatient service utilization and decompose the two indices. Results Insurance integration played a positive role in reducing inequality in inpatient service utilization to some extent. A 13.23% lower in HI, a decrease in unmet inpatient care and financial barriers to inpatient care in the pilot integrated area compared with the non-integration area; decomposition analysis showed that the Urban-Rural Residents Basic Medical Insurance, a type of integrated insurance, contributed 37.49% to reducing inequality in inpatient service utilization. However, it still could not offset the strong negative effect of income and other insurance schemes that have increased inequality. Conclusions The earlier pilot attempt for integrating medical insurance was not enough to counteract the influence of factors which increased the inequality in inpatient service utilization. Further efforts to address the inequality should focus on widening access to financing, upgrading the risk pool, reducing gaps within and between insurance schemes, and providing broader chronic disease benefit packages. Social policies that target the needs of the poor with coordinated efforts from various levels and agencies of the government are urgently needed.