scholarly journals A Comparative Study on a Hydraulic and Water-Quality Analysis Method for Determining Rechlorination Injection Points for a Water-Supply Network

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Myoung Lee ◽  
Ho Min Lee ◽  
Do Guen Yoo ◽  
Joong Hoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Pressure Head ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Supply Network ◽  
Water Quality Analysis ◽  
Water Supply Network ◽  
Proposed Model

Water supply facilities are vulnerable to extreme weather events, such as droughts and floods. To establish a sustainable solution that resists accidents and disasters, a distributed system is required. To supply high-quality tap water using the existing water-supply network, rechlorination facilities must be installed to secure residual chlorine at the pipe end. In this study, a process is developed to determine the injection points and dosages of rechlorination using the latest pressure-driven analysis. The method was compared to the results of demand driven analysis methods. The proposed model was applied to P City in Korea to draw results. A detailed evaluation was performed to study how water pressure head and demand-based hydraulic and water quality analysis results impact the injection points and dosages of rechlorination. Thus, the existing demand-based model shows significant spatial deviations in the pressure head in the presence of water pressure drops, which subsequently lead to over-estimation of chlorine injection dosages for maintaining the concentration of residual chlorine. However, the proposed model involves a numerically validated theory and draws more reasonable results for hydraulic, water quality, and rechlorination dosages. The proposed model can be used as a decision-making tool based on hydraulic analysis for the supply of water of a stable quality.

scholarly journals Research on Design of the Safety Supervision System for Desalinated Seawater Entering Urban Water Supply Network

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2017
Author(s):  
Cui Zhao ◽  
Qiqi Gao ◽  
Jiajun Song ◽  
Yueguo Wang ◽  
Fuzeng Sun
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Regulation System ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Supply Network ◽  
Urban Water Supply ◽  
Supervision System ◽  
Water Supply Network ◽  
Pipeline Network

Desalinated seawater enters the urban water supply network on a large scale, which brings new challenges to water quality assurance. In order to strengthen the safety supervision of the pipeline network, ensure the stability of water quality, prevent pipeline corrosion, and avoid the “red water” problem, this study constructed a safety supervision system for desalinated seawater entering the urban water supply pipeline network. In this system, the on-line monitoring system can monitor water quality, water quantity, water pressure and the corrosion of pipeline network in real-time. Early warning system can quickly identify problems and initiate based on the threshold exceeding, statistical analysis, and model prediction. The safety regulation system (including water source regulation system, water quality adjustment system and operation management system) is used to regulate and control water quality problems in the urban water supply network. The application of this safety supervision system is conducive to improving regulation efficiency and ensuring water supply safety.

scholarly journals Influence of irregularity of water consumption on water age in a water supply network

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00132
Author(s):  
Ewa Ogiołda ◽  
Ireneusz Nowogoński
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Hydraulic Model ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Supply Network ◽  
Water Age ◽  
Water Supply Network ◽  
Time Frames ◽  
System Water

The article presents an analysis of an existing water supply system. Water consumption in various time frames, i.e. a year, week and 24 hours, is shown. A hydraulic model was developed and, using the EPANET programme, calculations simulating its parameters carried out, accounting particularly for water age, which reflective of the water quality supplied to the recipients. The obtained results are the basis for assessing the operation of the system.

scholarly journals Quality Analysis of Water Network Failure

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Tchórzewska-Cieślak ◽  
Dawid Szpak ◽  
Izabela Piegdoń ◽  
Anna Szlachta
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Failure Rate ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Supply Network ◽  
Water Supply Network ◽  
Network Failure ◽  
Rate Analysis ◽  
Provincial City ◽  
Water Supply Company

Abstract The main objective of the study was to analyse and assess the failure rate of the water supply system of a provincial city located in south-eastern Poland. In the analysis the exploitation data provided by the water supply company were used. The received data include, among others, material structure, age of water supply network and failure log. The failure rate analysis of the water supply network was based on the failure rate index λ [failure/(km∙year)]. Based on the performed analysis, it was found that the water company should consider renovating or replacing steel pipes.

scholarly journals Machine learning model and strategy for fast and accurate detection of leaks in water supply network

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xudong Fan ◽  
Xijin Zhang ◽  
Xiong ( Bill) Yu
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Leak Detection ◽  
Supply Network ◽  
Simulation Code ◽  
Water Supply Network ◽  
Detection Strategy ◽  
Monitoring Area

AbstractThe water supply network (WSN) is subjected to leaks that compromise its service to the communities, which, however, is challenging to identify with conventional approaches before the consequences surface. This study developed Machine Learning (ML) models to detect leaks in the WDN. Water pressure data under leaking versus non-leaking conditions were generated with holistic WSN simulation code EPANET considering factors such as the fluctuating user demands, data noise, and the extent of leaks, etc. The results indicate that Artificial Neural Network (ANN), a supervised ML model, can accurately classify leaking versus non-leaking conditions; it, however, requires balanced dataset under both leaking and non-leaking conditions, which is difficult for a real WSN that mostly operate under normal service condition. Autoencoder neural network (AE), an unsupervised ML model, is further developed to detect leak with unbalanced data. The results show AE ML model achieved high accuracy when leaks occur in pipes inside the sensor monitoring area, while the accuracy is compromised otherwise. This observation will provide guidelines to deploy monitoring sensors to cover the desired monitoring area. A novel strategy is proposed based on multiple independent detection attempts to further increase the reliability of leak detection by the AE and is found to significantly reduce the probability of false alarm. The trained AE model and leak detection strategy is further tested on a testbed WSN and achieved promising results. The ML model and leak detection strategy can be readily deployed for in-service WSNs using data obtained with internet-of-things (IoTs) technologies such as smart meters.

scholarly journals An interdisciplinary political ecology of drinking water quality. Exploring socio-ecological inequalities in Lilongwe’s water supply network

Geoforum ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 138-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Rusca ◽  
Akosua Sarpong Boakye-Ansah ◽  
Alex Loftus ◽  
Giuliana Ferrero ◽  
Pieter van der Zaag
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Political Ecology ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Supply Network ◽  
Water Supply Network

scholarly journals Modeling of the Chlorine Content Degradation in a Network of Drinking Water

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Ammadi Abdelaziz ◽  
Elbelkacimi Mourad
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Hierarchical Classification ◽  
Flow Speed ◽  
Chlorine Content ◽  
World Health ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Supply Network ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Water Supply Network

<span lang="EN-US">In an urban water supply network, the chlorine is used as a disinfectant. Its absence involves the risk of microbial contamination which can degrade the quality of water. According to the standards of World Health Organization, the residual chlorine content in water shouldn’t be lower than 0.25 mg/l. Chlorine reacts with many compounds and thus undergoes degradation throughout its transit in the conduct of the network. This degradation is the result of several physical factors (age of conduct, matter, flow, speed…) and bacteriological (germs, coliform, biofilm…). In this paper, we use a mathematical model for mapping the degradation of the Chlorine along the water supply network. The concentration of chlorine in each control is also performed. We used an algorithm of Hierarchical Classification taking into account some characteristics (nature of conduct, speed, flow). Results shows that degradation of Chlorine calculated matched well with the measured one. This model allowed us to have a real-time data about the Chlorine content and thus to overcome the problem of the measure of the chlorine due to the non accessibility of the conducts.</span>

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