scholarly journals Water Quality Indices: Current and Future Trends in Evaluating Contamination of Groundwater Resources

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 401
Author(s):  
Dimitrios E. Alexakis
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Water Quality Indices ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Surface Water Contamination

Groundwater and surface water contamination is related to the presence of chemical substances, which strongly influence the water suitability for human consumption as well as for industrial and agricultural uses [...]

scholarly journals Impact of Land Use on Karst Water Resources—A Case Study of the Kupa (Kolpa) Transboundary River Catchment

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3226
Author(s):  
Ana Selak ◽  
Ivana Boljat ◽  
Jasmina Lukač Reberski ◽  
Josip Terzić ◽  
Barbara Čenčur Curk
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Karst Water ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Water Quality Indices ◽  
Surface Water And Groundwater ◽  
Hazard Levels

This paper presents a qualitative approach for assessing land-use pressures on the water resources of a transboundary Dinaric karst catchment of the Kupa River in Southeast Europe. Spatial analyses of the water quality indices for surface water and groundwater were carried out in a GIS environment, as well as a detailed assessment of man-made hazards based on recommendations of COST Action 620. The produced maps provide an insight into the qualitative status of water resources at a regional scale by indicating areas of potential negative impacts of land use through the identification of point and diffuse sources of pollution. Higher values of the water quality indices for surface water and groundwater are observed in lowland areas, karst plateaus and poljes, where the impacts of anthropogenic activities such as agriculture and quarries take place on karstified permeable carbonate rocks. Hazard assessment showed how transport infrastructure induces a low hazard level. Settlement areas without proper sewerage systems impose moderate hazard levels, while direct wastewater discharges into groundwater and waste illegally disposed in karst swallow holes and caves located near settlements were classified as having high hazard levels. The applied methods proved to be suitable even in challenging karst environments where the complex properties and structure make the exploration and monitoring of groundwater resources difficult and scarce.

Water Quality Indices for the Management of Surface Water Quality

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 1137-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. House ◽  
D. H. Newsome
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Water Quality Indices ◽  
New Family ◽  
Numeric Scale

The need for a simple, objective and reproducible numeric scale to represent water quality in terms that all types of user will accept has been apparent for the last twenty years. Subjective classifications of water quality have been made, but they are seldom reproducible and lack sensitivity. Now, a new family of water quality indices has been developed that can be used either independently or in combination which promise to overcome previous criticisms. They are currently being used by a UK water authority to assess their utility to personnel responsible for both the planning and day-to-day management of surface water quality.

scholarly journals Evaluation of surface water quality indices and ecological risk assessment for heavy metals in scrap yard neighbourhood

SpringerPlus ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olusheyi Z. Ojekunle ◽  
Olurotimi V. Ojekunle ◽  
Azeem A. Adeyemi ◽  
Abayomi G. Taiwo ◽  
Opeyemi R. Sangowusi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Ecological Risk Assessment ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Water Quality Indices

scholarly journals Evaluation of surface water quality using water quality indices (WQIs) in Lake Sukhna, Chandigarh, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maansi ◽  
Rajinder Jindal ◽  
Meenu Wats
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Water Quality Indices ◽  
Canadian Council ◽  
Water Quality Status ◽  
Ccme Wqi ◽  
Quality Status

AbstractTo assess the surface water quality of Sukhna Lake, 13 physico-chemical parameters like temperature, pH, transparency, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, total dissolved salts, chloride, total Aalkalinity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, nitrate and phosphate were investigated on monthly basis for a period of two year (July 2016–June 2018) by using standard procedures. The results were compared with the values or ranges mentioned by standard organizations (WHO and BIS) for assessing the water quality and these revealed that the lake water was turbid and under DO distress. Various water quality indices like water quality index (WQI), Canadian Council Ministry of Environment (CCME)-WQI and comprehensive pollution index (CPI) were used to assess the water quality status in the Sukhna Lake. The range of WQI (59.74–83.49) indicated that the water quality status of the lake belonged to good category while those of CCME-WQI (52.4–81.61) revealed that water quality fallen from marginal to good category and those of CPI (0.4–0.7) indicated fair state of water in the lake. Overall the water quality in Sukhna Lake has been found deteriorated during second year in comparison the first year during the study time.

scholarly journals Meta-Evaluation of Water Quality Indices. Application into Groundwater Resources

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios E. Alexakis
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Water Quality Indices ◽  
Canadian Council ◽  
Ccme Wqi

Until now, there was no simple procedure to test the performance of water quality indices (WQIs) or, in other words, to perform their meta-evaluation. The purpose of this study is to provide a meta-evaluation approach of two widely used WQIs and suggestions for selecting one or both of them for application in groundwater quality assessment as proposed by the European Union. The meta-evaluation concept is based on testing the performance of two widely known WQIs by applying classification of Water Framework Directive (WFD; 2000/60/EC) and Groundwater Directive (GWD; 2006/118/EC) which was used as a reference. The Canadian Council of Ministers of Environment (CCME) and National Sanitation Foundation (NSF-WQI) have been selected for evaluation. These WQIs were applied in an agricultural area of the Mediterranean region where six sub-datasets for an entire hydrological year were available. This study uses all the available water quality data (52 monitoring stations × 2 sampling periods × 15 parameters) which is systematically collected at the area studied. The CCME-WQI is a rather strict index since it estimates statistically significantly lower values than the NSF-WQI. Based on the performance of the examined indices, it is shown that, mostly, the CCME-WQI classification findings are close to those of the GWD.

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