scholarly journals Structural Connectivity of Sediment Affected by Check Dams in Loess Hilly-Gully Region, China

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 2644
Author(s):  
Leichao Bai ◽  
Juying Jiao ◽  
Nan Wang ◽  
Yulan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Chinese Loess Plateau ◽  
Check Dam ◽  
Chinese Loess ◽  
Check Dams ◽  
Discharge Canal ◽  
The Impact

Check dams play an irreplaceable role in soil and water conservation in the Chinese Loess Plateau region. However, there are few analyses on the connection between check dams and the downstream channel and the impact on structural connectivity and sediment interception efficiency. Based on a field survey, this study classified the connection mode between check dams and the downstream channel, and the actual control area percentage by discharge canal in dam land was used to quantitatively evaluate the degree of the structural connectivity of sediment between the check dam and the downstream channel. The analysis results show that the connection mode can be divided into eleven categories with different structural connectivity. The different connection modes and its combination mode of check dams and downstream channels in dam systems have a large difference, and the structural connectivity of the dam system is less than or equal to that of the sum of single check dams in a watershed. The degree of structural connectivity of a dam system will be greatly reduced if there is a main control check dam with no discharge canal in the lower reaches of the watershed. Compared with a single check dam, the structural connectivity of a dam system is reduced by 0–42.38%, with an average of 11.18%. According to the difference in connection mode and structural connectivity of check dams and dam systems in the four typical small watersheds, the optimization methods for connection mode in series, parallel and hybrid dam systems were proposed. The research results can provide a reference for the impact of a check dam on the sediment connectivity and the sediment interception efficiency in a watershed and can also guide the layout of a dam system and the arrangement of drainage facilities.

scholarly journals Hydrological Analysis of Loess Plateau Highland Control Schemes in Dongzhi Plateau

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aidi Huo ◽  
Jianbing Peng ◽  
Yuxiang Cheng ◽  
Pingping Luo ◽  
Zhixin Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Chinese Loess Plateau ◽  
Chinese Loess ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Control Schemes ◽  
The Impact

Gully Consolidation and Highland Protection (GCHP) Project is a major soil and water conservation and land remediation project implemented in the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP). As the connection between the mechanisms of erosion and practical applications for addressing it is not clear, the implementation of engineering measures to combat the problem has been insufficient to date. This study used field investigation and descriptive statistics, together with hydrological analysis modeling to gain an understanding of the impact of the Loess Plateau Highland Control Schemes on the evolution of the Dongzhi Plateau as the largest, most well-preserved, and the thickest loess deposit region in China. A remote sensing image was introduced to hydrological modeling to prove the analysis results of the Dongzhi Plateau. According to these investigations and analysis, four major schemes of gully head retrogressive erosion control were summarized and a comprehensive theory and technology based on a watershed were proposed. After hydrological analysis, the Dongzhi Plateau was divided into 1225 watersheds. It was found that GCHP should be implemented in the catchment area based on hydrological analysis to solve the problem of retrogressive erosion, and it is recommended that a scientific and rational drainage system should be designed based on the roads and pipe networks in the whole watershed area. Findings from this paper provide insights into the evolution of CLP and it can give a good suggestion on the future implementation of GHCP.

Quantitative assessment of check dam system impacts on catchment hydrological response - a case in the Loess Plateau, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Wang ◽  
Zhanbin Li ◽  
Jingming Hou ◽  
Shengdong Cheng ◽  
Lie Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Chinese Loess Plateau ◽  
Check Dam ◽  
Hydrological Response ◽  
Small Catchment ◽  
Check Dams ◽  
Maximum Discharge ◽  
The Impact

<p>The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of check dams on <strong>c</strong>atchment hydrological response in a small catchment on the Chinese Loess Plateau by applying a GAST (GPU Accelerated Surface-water and Transport model) numerical model at 2 m resolution DEM. The results showed that check dams significantly increase the so-called runoff lag times (lag to generation, lag to peak and lag to end of runoff) at the channel outlet compared to catchments without check dams. Furthermore, the peak runoff discharge at the catchment outlet without check dams decreased by 93.0% compared to with check dams. The total outlet discharge, surface water stored, and infiltration were respectively 20.1%, 74.9% and 5.0% of the total precipitation in the check dam catchment, while 75.4%, 22.6% and 2.0% in the system without check dams. Installation of check dams also altered the spatial water distribution of maximum discharge, moving the occurrences of maximum discharge further upstream and, thus, increasing safety downstream. Channel connectivity was found to have a direct relationship with peak discharge and with discharge volume at the basin mouth. In conclusion, implementing check dams significantly and effectively mitigated flood processes and increased runoff infiltration upstream.</p>

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of Terraces and Vegetation on Runoff and Sediment Routing Using the Time-Area Method in the Chinese Loess Plateau

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Bai ◽  
Shengtian Yang ◽  
Yichi Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyan Liu ◽  
Yabing Guan
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Chinese Loess Plateau ◽  
Area Method ◽  
Chinese Loess ◽  
Sediment Routing ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Sediment Reduction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Chinese Loess Plateau

Terracing and vegetation are an effective practice for soil and water conservation on sloped terrain. They can significantly reduce the sediment yield from the surface area, as well as intercept the sediment yield from upstream. However, most hydrological models mainly simulate the effect of the terraces and vegetation on water and sediment reduction from themselves, without considering their roles in the routing process, and thus likely underestimate their runoff and sediment reduction effect. This study added the impact of terraces and vegetation practice on water and sediment routing using the time-area method. The outflow in each travel time zone was revised in each time step by extracting the watershed of the terrace units and the vegetation units and calculating the water or sediment stored by the terraces or held by the vegetation. The revised time-area method was integrated into the Land change Model-Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation (LCM-MUSLE) model. Pianguanhe Basin, in the Chinese Loess Plateau, was chosen as the study area and eight storms in the 1980s and 2010s were selected to calibrate and verify the original LCM-MUSLE model and its revised version. The results showed that the original model was not applicable in more recent years, since the surface was changed significantly as a result of revegetation and slope terracing, while the accuracy improved significantly when using the revised version. For the three events in the 2010s, the average runoff reduction rate in routing process was 51.02% for vegetation, 26.65% for terraces, and 71.86% for both terraces and vegetation. The average sediment reduction rate in routing process was 32.22% for vegetation, 24.52% for terraces, and 53.85% for both terraces and vegetation. This study provides a generalized method to quantitatively assess the impact of terraces and vegetation practice on runoff and sediment reduction at the catchment scale.

scholarly journals A Bibliometric Analysis of Soil and Water Conservation in the Loess Tableland-Gully Region of China

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaping Wang ◽  
Wenzhao Liu ◽  
Gang Li ◽  
Weiming Yan ◽  
Guangyao Gao
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Soil And Water Conservation ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Chinese Loess Plateau ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Chinese Loess ◽  
Ecological Remediation ◽  
Soil And Water

The tableland-gully region is one of the main topographic-ecological units in the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP), and the soil in this region suffers from serious water erosion. In recent years, much work has been conducted to control soil erosion in this area. This paper summarized the development of soil and water conservation researches in the CLP from the bibliometric perspective based on the Science Citation Index (SCI) and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases. The quantity of SCI literatures has increased rapidly since 2007, with an average annual growth rate of 21.4%, and the quantity of CNKI literatures in the last decade accounted for 62% of the past 30 years. The development trends showed that early SCI research was related to loess geology in the context of ecological remediation, while the CNKI literature focused on agricultural production under comprehensive management. Over time, the research themes of the two databases gradually became unified, i.e., the management of sloping farmland and the improvement of agricultural productivity. Subsequently, the themes gradually extended to the disposition of comprehensive control measures for soil erosion and the environmental effect of agro-fruit ecosystems. The highly cited papers mainly focused on soil reservoir reconstruction, soil erosion factors, and environmental effects of vegetation restoration. Two aspects need further study, including (i) the effect of soil erosion control under different ecological remediation patterns; and, (ii) the ecosystem maintenance mechanism and regulation approaches that are based on the sustainable utilization of soil and water resources in the tableland-gully region of the Loess Plateau.

scholarly journals Check dam identification using multisource data and their effects on streamflow and sediment load in a Chinese Loess Plateau catchment

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 073697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Tian ◽  
Guangju Zhao ◽  
Xingmin Mu ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
Peng Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Sediment Load ◽  
Chinese Loess Plateau ◽  
Check Dam ◽  
Chinese Loess

scholarly journals Effects of vegetation cover and slope on soil erosion in the Eastern Chinese Loess Plateau under different rainfall regimes

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11226
Author(s):  
Congjian Sun ◽  
Huixin Hou ◽  
Wei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Chinese Loess Plateau ◽  
Slope Gradient ◽  
Chinese Loess ◽  
Sediment Yields ◽  
Erosion Processes

Soil erosion is a critical environmental problem of the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP). The effects of vegetation cover on soil erosion reduction under different rainfall types are not well understood especially in the eastern Chinese Loess Plateau (ECLP). In this study, we monitored runoff and sediment yield at the Fengjiagou water and soil conservation station with five types of vegetation cover (arbor trees (ARC), shrubs (SHC), arable (ABC), natural vegetation (NVC), and artificial grass (APC)) and three slope gradients (10°, 15°, and 20°) in the ECLP. Based on long-term monitoring data, five rainfall types were classified by the maximum 30 min rainfall intensity (I30). We also quantitatively revealed the interactive effects of different types precipitation, vegetation cover and slope gradients on regional soil erosion. The results showed that (1) The RII (13 times) and RIII (eight times) type are the most threatening erosive rainfall in this region. (2) The ARC and SHC type were most beneficial for soil and water conservation in the ECLP; The APC and ABC are not conductive to the prevention of regional soil erosion. (3) Runoff and sediment yields increased with the slope gradient. The farmland is vulnerable to soil erosion when the slope gradient exceeds 10°. The results of this study can improve the understanding of regional soil erosion processes on the ECLP and provide useful information for managing regional water and land resources.

Effects of the Check Dam System on Water Redistribution in the Chinese Loess Plateau

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 929-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinbai Huang ◽  
Osamu Hinokidani ◽  
Hiroshi Yasuda ◽  
Chandra S. P. Ojha ◽  
Yuki Kajikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Chinese Loess Plateau ◽  
Check Dam ◽  
Chinese Loess ◽  
Water Redistribution ◽  
The Chinese Loess Plateau

scholarly journals Application of a modified distributed-dynamic erosion and sediment yield model in a typical watershed of hilly and gully region, Chinese Loess Plateau

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Wu ◽  
Xia Liu ◽  
Xiaoyi Ma
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Soil And Water Conservation ◽  
Chinese Loess Plateau ◽  
Rainfall Erosivity ◽  
Chinese Loess ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Soil And Water

Abstract. Soil erosion not only results in the destruction of land resources and the decline of soil fertility, but also makes river channel sedimentation. In order to explore spatiotemporal evolution of erosion and sediment yield before and after returning farmland in a typical watershed of hilly and gully region, Chinese Loess Plateau, a distributed, dynamic model of sediment yield based on the Chinese Soil Loss equation (CSLE) was established and modified to assess effects of hydrological factors and human activities on soil erosion and sediment yield from 1995 to 2013. Results indicate that: 1) the modified model has characteristics of simple algorithm, high accuracy, wide practicability and easy expansion, and can be applied to forecast erosion and sediment yield of the hilly and gully region, Chinese Loess Plateau; 2) soil erosion gradations are closely related to spatial distributions of rainfall erosivity and land use patterns, the current soil and water conservation projects are not very ideal for high rainfall intensity; 3) the average sediment transport modulus before and after model modification in recent 5 years (in addition to 2013) is 4574.62 Mg/km2 and 1696.1 Mg/km2 respectively, it has decreased by about 35.4 % and 78.2 % compared with the early governance (1995–1998). However, in July 2013 the once-in-a-century storm is the most important factor causing the emergence of maximum value. Results may provide effective and scientific basis for soil and water conservation and ecological management of the hilly and gully region, Chinese Loess Plateau.

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