On the formation of combined forms of salmonellosis caused by different plasmid types of Salmonella enterica

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Yulia N. Nikitina ◽  
Alexey V. Rakov ◽  
Anatoly A. Yakovlev
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Far East ◽  
Interspecific Interaction ◽  
Genetic Monitoring ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
The Far East

In the modern period, combined infections occupy an increasingly large niche in the structure of infectious pathology. In studies on this problem, various scientists, both in our country and abroad, consider such forms of the disease, which are mainly formed as a result of interspecific interaction in the human body of bacteria, viruses, viruses and bacteria. However, there is practically no information in the literature about whether it is possible to form combined forms of infections between microorganisms of the same species, but carrying different genetic information. This paper presents an analysis of the results of more than 20 years of microbiological molecular genetic monitoring of the Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of the Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology for the circulation of Salmonella in the regions of the Far East and Siberia. Studies have shown that one patient may have co-infection with different plasmid types of Salmonella. However, the risk of such combinations is relatively small. There is a certain pattern between the level of prevalence of certain plasmid types of Salmonella in the region and their possible combination in one patient. In addition, it was found that variants of superinfection that occur when the patient is in the hospital, due to infection with other plasmid types of Salmonella or other serovars of S. enterica, are not excluded. At the same time, in the process of repeated examinations of the patient in the hospital, it was found that salmonella may lose certain plasmids or, on the contrary, it may have new variants. The reasons for this phenomenon remain unclear.

scholarly journals MOLECULAR GENETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF HIV-1 VARIANTS ISOLATED IN THE SUBJECTS OF THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-89
Author(s):  
V. O. Kotova ◽  
O. E. Trotsenko ◽  
L. A. Balakhontseva ◽  
E. A. Bazykina
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Far East ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Genetic Monitoring ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
The Russian Far East

Introduction. Molecular-genetic monitoring of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drug-resistant strains circulation as well as analysis of territorial peculiarities of different genetic variants prevalence of the virus is a crucial part of epidemiological surveillance over HIV-infection spread. Objective of the research - to analyze the prevalence of HIV-1 genetic variants among HIV-positive people living in different constituent entities of the Far Eastern Federal District. Material and methods. Molecular-genetic analysis of the Pol-gene that is coding protease and a part of reverse transcriptase of HIV-1 was performed for a total number of 206 blood plasma samples. The biological material was collected from HIV-positive people living in Sakhalin, Magadan and Amur regions, Jewish Autonomous District, Khabarovsk region, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and Chukotka Autonomous Region (constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the Russian Far East). Results. The research demonstrated that HIV-1 sub-subtype A6 continues to be dominant and comprises 72.1±3.1% of all isolated subtypes in the regions of the Russian Far East. HIV-1 subtype B was identified in 14 cases (6.8±1.8%) and subtype C in 4 cases (1.9±1.0%). Spectrum of HIV-1 recombinant forms was determined for some regions. We identified five types of HIV-1 circulating recombinant forms (CRF): CRF03_AB - 2 (0.9±0.7%), CRF02_AG - 8 (3.9±1.3%), CRF63_02A1 - 27 (13.1±2.4%), CRF11_cpx - 1 (0.5±0.5%), CRF01_AE - 3 (1.5±0.8%). High heterogeneity of the virus was registered in the Jewish Autonomous District. Discussion. The conducted research revealed genetic differences in the landscape of HIV-1 subtypes circulation as well as differences in HIV-1 recombinant forms distribution frequency in the Russian Far East. Current findings are due to expansion of migration flows that promote cross-border importation and further spread of different HIV-1 genetic variants among population of the Far Eastern Federal District. Conclusion. The conducted research revealed that the molecular-genetic monitoring of HIV-1 genovariants should involve not only regions with high HIV-abundance but also with low HIV-prevalence and incidence.

scholarly journals “Government in India and Japan is different from government in Europe”: Asian Jesuits on Infrastructure, Administrative Space, and the Possibilities for a Global Management of Power

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Markus Friedrich
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Far East ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Society Of Jesus ◽  
Global Management ◽  
Global Space ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The Difference

This paper investigates the influence of geographical distance on the practices and concepts of Jesuit administration in the early modern period. It discusses in particular select letters by Alessandro Valignano from East Asia, to demonstrate how loyal Jesuits in the Far East asked for administrative adjustments in order to overcome the enormous infrastructural difficulties involved in upholding constant epistolary communication with Rome. Valignano over and again stressed both the difference and the distance between Asia and Europe and thought that both factors necessitated an accommodation of the order’s organizational framework. This case study thus helps address the broader questions of how the members of the Society of Jesus conceived of global space. It becomes clear that, while they hoped for institutional unity and insisted frequently on procedural uniformity, they also openly acknowledged that due to distance and cultural differences there never could exist an entirely homogeneous, single global Jesuit space.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance and Plasmid Profile Analysis of Salmonella Enteritidis Isolated in Siberia and the Far East of Russia between 1990 and 2017

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1240
Author(s):  
Alexey V. Rakov ◽  
Natalya A. Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Far East ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Far East Of Russia ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Alkaline Lysis ◽  
The Far East

Salmonella is one of the major causes of foodborne disease outbreaks globally. Specifically, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) is one of the major causes of zoonotic Salmonella infection in humans worldwide. In this study, we present data on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and plasmid profiles of S. Enteritidis strains isolated from patients, food, and the environment in Siberia and the Far East of Russia obtained during Salmonella monitoring between 1990 and 2017. A total of 345 S. Enteritidis isolates were tested by the disk diffusion method with a set of 15 antibiotics using EUCAST breakpoints v. 10 and by plasmid profile analysis using the alkaline lysis method. The results have shown a substantial decrease in susceptibility to aminoglycosides and quinolones during the study period. No significant differences were found in the susceptibility of strains between regions as well as in the its correlation with different plasmid types of the pathogen. Several S. Enteritidis strains were found to be resistant to ampicillin, kanamycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and cephalosporins. All tested S. Enteritidis strains were susceptible only to imipenem. In this study, we observed a relatively low level of AMR in S. Enteritidis strains isolated in Siberia and the Far East of Russia. Nevertheless, it is important to continue the molecular genetic monitoring and AMR surveillance of S. Enteritidis to track further increases in AMR using conventional phenotypic susceptibility testing and by introducing whole-genome sequencing to identify AMR mechanisms.

scholarly journals Molecular Epidemiology of Pathogenic Hantaviruses in the Far East of Russia, 2015-2018

2020 ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
L. N. Yashina ◽  
N. A. Smetannikova ◽  
G. G. Kompanets ◽  
N. I. Zdanovskaya ◽  
L. I. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Far East ◽  
Far East Of Russia ◽  
The Far East

scholarly journals Molecular-genetic characteristics of the tick-borne encephalitis virus pathogenicity of far eastern subtype

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
G. N. Leonova ◽  
L. M. Somova ◽  
S. I. Belikov
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Far East ◽  
Primorsky Krai ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Far Eastern

The aim of the work: Using the data of genome-wide sequencing of tick-borne encephalitis virus strains of the Far Eastern population, reveal the peculiarities of the moleculargenetic characteristics and their relationship with the pathogenicity of the agent. Materials and methods. A full-genomic characteristic of 63 TBEV strains isolated in the Far East and registered in GeneBank wos given. A pathohistological study of the central nervous system of monkeys infected with the highly virulent strains Sofjin and Khabarovsk-17 TBEV was conducted. Results. All strains are assigned to the Far Eastern subtype of TBEV and are located in three clusters, the territorial attachment of individual strains groups is noted. In the cluster of Sofjin-like strains, independent groups were identified, isolated in the territories of Primorsky Krai only, and separate groups – only in northern focal territories (Khabarovsk Krai). The cluster Senzhang-like strains are represented by strains of different clusters, isolated in China and throughout the Far East. The Oshima-like cluster of strains, except for strains from Japan, consists of strains isolated only in the south of the Far East (in Primorsky Krai). The incubation period of the disease in experimental animals was shorter when infected with the Sofjin strain (3–5 days) than when infected with the Khabarovsk-17 strain (7 days or more). The strain-specific differences in the severity of morphological changes in the central nervous system were revealed. For primorsky TBEV strains, a higher degree of neuroinvasiveness was characteristed with a more rapid development of severe manifestations of neuroinfection, compared to khabarovsky strains.Findings: 1) based on full-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 63 TBEV strains, three main clusters were distinguished: Sofjin-, Senzhang- and Oshima-like; 2) in these clusters, territorial attachment of TBEV strains groups with a certain molecular genetic characteristic was established; 3) in primorsky TBEV strains, genetically determined advantages in the degree of neuroinvasiveness have been revealed, which provide them with the ability to more quickly overcome the blood-brain barrier compared to khabarovsky strains.

Is there a regional culture in Russia? Opportunities of using a sociocultural approach in economics

2020 ◽  
pp. 108-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Bryzgalin ◽  
Е. N. Nikishina
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Regional Culture ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Geographical Patterns ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Sociocultural Approach ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Russian Universities

The paper investigates cross-cultural differences across Russian regions using the methodology of G. Hofstede. First, it discusses the most common approaches in measuring culture and the application of the Hofstede methodology in subnational studies. It identifies the critical issues in measuring culture at the regional level and suggests several strategies to address them. Secondly, the paper introduces subregional data on individualism and uncertainty avoidance using a survey of students across 27 Russian universities. The data allow to establish geographical patterns of individualism in Russia. It is demonstrated that collectivism is most prevalent in the Volga region, while individualism characteristic becomes stronger towards the Far East. The findings are robust to the inclusion of various controls and different specifications of the regression model. Finally, the paper provides a discussion about the potential of applying the sociocultural approach in economics.

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