CONDITIONED REFLEX MECHANISMS OF ADAPTATION TO ADDITIONAL BREATHING RESISTANCE

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
Yu.Yu. Byalovskiy ◽  
I.S. Rakitina
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Reflex ◽  
External Respiration ◽  
Respiratory Resistance ◽  
Conditioned Signal ◽  
Unconditioned Reflex ◽  
Breathing Resistance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Resistive Loads ◽  
Aversive Behavior ◽  
Respiratory Reflex

The problem of adaptation to additional breathing resistance has recently become more urgent due to the growth of bronchopulmonary diseases. Therefore, there is a natural interest in non-drug strategies compensating resistive breathing in humans. The aim of the study was to assess conditioned reflex changes in the functional state of the subjects under additional breathing resistance. Materials and Methods. The work was carried out on 55 practically healthy subjects of both sexes, aged 18–36. Additional breathing resistance was modeled by inspiratory resistive loads of 40, 60, 70, and 80 % of the maximum intraoral pressure. The conditioned respiratory reflex to resistive respiratory load was developed as a short-delayed conditioned signal with a 30-second period of isolated action. The authors examined behavioral, vegetative, gas and energy indicators of the organism before and after the formation of a conditioned reflex. Results. It was observed that conditioned reflex shifts of physiological parameters in the process of adaptation to additional breathing resistance differ significantly from the corresponding unconditioned reflex changes both in nature and in intensity. Conditioned reflex mechanisms reduce the intensity of shifts in the motor component of the external respiration system, which, apparently, is the main reason to decrease the aversive behavior. Conclusion. Behavioral changes after the formation of a conditioned respiratory reflex to additional respiratory resistance are characterized by a decrease in aversive behavior patterns. The conditioned reflex realization of increasing resistive loads is expressed in a lower physiological cost of adaptation to additional respiratory resistance relative to the unconditioned reflex type of realization. Keywords: adaptation, conditioned respiratory reflex, additional breathing resistance. Проблема приспособления к дополнительному респираторному сопротивлению в последнее время становится все более актуальной в связи с ростом бронхолегочных заболеваний. Поэтому естественен интерес к нелекарственным механизмам компенсации резистивного дыхания человека. Целью исследования являлась оценка условно-рефлекторных изменений функционального состояния испытуемых в условиях дополнительного респираторного сопротивления. Материалы и методы. Работа проведена на 55 практически здоровых испытуемых обоего пола в возрасте от 18 до 36 лет. Дополнительное респираторное сопротивление моделировалось инспираторными резистивными нагрузками величиной 40, 60, 70 и 80 % от максимального внутриротового давления. Условный дыхательный рефлекс на резистивные дыхательные нагрузки вырабатывался по типу короткоотставленного с периодом изолированного действия условного сигнала 30 с. Исследовались поведенческие, вегетативные, газовые и энергетические показатели организма до и после формирования условного рефлекса. Результаты. Показано, что условно-рефлекторные сдвиги физиологических показателей в процессе приспособления к дополнительному респираторному сопротивлению существенно отличаются от соответствующих безусловно-рефлекторных изменений как по характеру, так и по интенсивности. Условно-рефлекторные механизмы уменьшают интенсивность сдвигов моторного компонента системы внешнего дыхания, что, по-видимому, является основной причиной снижения вероятности появления аверсивного поведения. Выводы. Поведенческие изменения после формирования условного дыхательного рефлекса на дополнительное респираторное сопротивление характеризуются снижением вероятности появления аверсивных форм поведения. Условно-рефлекторная реализация возрастающих по интенсивности резистивных нагрузок выражается в меньшей физиологической стоимости приспособления к дополнительному респираторному сопротивлению относительно безусловно-рефлекторного типа реализации. Ключевые слова: приспособление, условный дыхательный рефлекс, дополнительное респираторное сопротивление.

Pathophysiological mechanisms of resistive breathing

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-226
Author(s):  
Yury Yu. Byalovsky ◽  
Irina S. Rakitina
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Reflex ◽  
External Respiration ◽  
Resistive Load ◽  
External Resistance ◽  
Conditioned Signal ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanisms ◽  
Resistive Breathing ◽  
Resistive Loads ◽  
Reinforcement Value ◽  
Respiratory Reflex

AIM: This study aimed to explore the pathophysiological mechanisms of resistive breathing by using a model of a conditioned respiratory reflex to external resistance to breathing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Inspiratory resistive loads were used 11, 28, 54, and 78 cmAq/l/s to model a conditioned respiratory reflex. External respiration was parametrized on the basis of the analysis of motor and ventilatory outputs. Conditioned signals were pure sounds exceeding the threshold of perception by 10 db at 2000 Hz frequency. All the test persons were divided into two groups (large and small groups) according to the initial reinforcement value. (1) In the large group (37 individuals), the conditioned reflex was formed from 11 cmAq/l/s that was subsequently increased stepwise in the load to 76 cmAq/l/s. (2) In the small group (18 individuals), the initial reinforcements were different gradations of resistive loads, with a stepwise transition to the other parameters of an unconditioned stimulus. The period of the isolated application of a conditioned signal (CS) was 20 s, the interval between signals was not fixed, varying from 2 min to 4 min. Six to eight combinations of the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli were used for 1 day of the experiment. RESULTS: The increase in the added respiratory resistance was associated with the pronounced reduction of pulmonary and alveolar ventilation, that is, with the hypoventilation type of resistive load realization. Changes in ventilation during the isolated application of a conditioned signal had an alternative character. In particular, as the reinforcement factor increased, a pronounced shift to hyperventilation was noted. CONCLUSION: The reinforcement value of the conditioned reflex changed stepwise, thereby significantly restructuring the proportion between the effectiveness of the adaptive activity in the realization of external resistance to inspiration (the time of stay under a certain load) and its physiological cost (totalities of the deviations of physiological and energy parameters).

scholarly journals The influence of the initial reinforcement value on physiological parameters of conditioned respiratory reflex

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-386
Author(s):  
Yu.Yu. Byalovskiy ◽  
◽  
I.S. Rakitina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Unconditioned Stimulus ◽  
Conditioned Reflex ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Resistive Load ◽  
Respiratory Resistance ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Conditioned Reaction ◽  
Reinforcement Value ◽  
Respiratory Reflex

BACKGROUND: Most of the studies of the role of reinforcement in the formation of adaptive behavior were performed on animals. At the same time, such an experimental model as a conditioned respiratory reflex to resistive load, has not been sufficiently studied, although an unconditioned reflex to additional resistance to breathing, on the basis of which a conditioned one is formed, is a stable reaction that has clear quantitative evaluation criteria, and the conditioned reflex itself is relatively strong, easily normalized, reluctantly extinguished and does not require observance of a number of methodological conditions. AIM: To study the influence of the initial value of reinforcement on the physiological parameters of the conditioned respiratory reflex. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The work was carried out on people of both genders, 16 people, aged 18 to 44, practically healthy. The unconditioned stimulus was applied in four gradations of external respiratory resistance: 11; 28; 54; 76 cm water • l/sec. The conditioned reflex was formed by the classic type, the duration of application of the conditioned stimulus was not fixed and its end coincided with the end of the action of the unconditioned stimulus, the period of the isolated action of the conditioned signal was 10 sec. As physiological parameters, we studied the ventilatory and motor parameters of respiration, the temporal parameters of the conditioned reaction. RESULTS: The influence of the unconditioned stimulus on the value of the tidal volume after the combination in all subjects depended on the absolute reinforcement values used in this combination, and was weakly connected with the initial reinforcement value. The influence of the external resistance on breathing used in this combination was significantly higher on such parameters as intraoral pressure of inspiration and expiration; the role of the initial reinforcement value in the dynamics of the given parameters was not confirmed. CONCLUSIONS: Most “sensitive” to the action of the initial value of the resistive load were the temporal parameters of the conditioned respiratory reflex — the latent period and the time of the conditioned reaction; the parameters of the “ventilatory” and “motor” outputs of the external respiration system changed noticeably, the spirometric parameters showed very little dynamics, and the capnographic parameters practically did not change. The dynamics of the parameters of the conditioned respiratory reflex to increased external respiratory resistance permits to single out groups of signs that have the greatest semantic significance for evaluation of the system-forming and discriminating role of the initial gradation of the reinforcement factor.

IMPORTANCE OF MOTIVATION IN TOLERABILITY OF INCREASED BREATHING RESISTANCE

2019 ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
Yu.Yu. Byalovskiy ◽  
I.S. Rakitina
Keyword(s):  
Functional State ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Technological Environment ◽  
Breathing Control ◽  
Aerodynamic Loads ◽  
Breathing Resistance ◽  
Resistive Breathing ◽  
Resistive Loads ◽  
Intraoral Pressure

Cortical mechanisms play an important role in breathing control under increased breathing resistance (resistive loads). Cortical mechanisms determine the level of voluntary motivation, which significantly affects the tolerance of resistive breathing loads. The purpose of the paper is to determine the effect of voluntary motivation on the tolerance of additional breathing resistance. Materials and Methods. The authors formed procedural motivation by means of moral encouragement or financial rewards of the subjects. Simulation of increased breathing resistance was performed using in-creasing values of thresholdless inspiratory aerodynamic loads: 40, 60, 70, and 80 % from the maximum intraoral pressure. Results. The maximum level of tolerance of additional breathing resistance was observed in volunteers with a material and subsidiary procedural motivation of activity. Under respiratory loads, these subjects demonstrated the greatest deviations of the functional state indicators. Undefined motivation based on the mobilization of goal-oriented resources with moral stimulation showed less efficiency. Lack of specially formed procedural motivation led to minimal tolerance of resistive loads. Conclusion. Procedural motivation, aimed at overcoming additional breathing resistance, significantly increases the tolerance of individual protective means of respiratory organs, which maintains health of workers in a polluted technological environment. Keywords: motivation, tolerance, increased breathing resistance. Большую роль в регуляции дыхания при увеличенном сопротивлении дыханию (резистивных нагрузках) играют кортикальные механизмы. Корковые механизмы определяют уровень произвольной мотивации, которая существенно влияет на переносимость резистивных дыхательных нагрузок. Цель исследования – определение влияния произвольной мотивации на переносимость дополнительного респираторного сопротивления. Материалы и методы. Процессуальную мотивацию формировали методом морального или материального поощрения испытуемых. Моделирование увеличенного сопротивления дыханию проводили с помощью предъявления возрастающих значений беспороговых инспираторных аэродинамических нагрузок: 40, 60, 70 и 80 % от максимального внутриротового давления. Результаты. Максимальный уровень переносимости дополнительного респираторного сопротивления наблюдался у добровольцев, у которых была сформирована материально-субсидивная процессуальная мотивация деятельности; у этой категории испытуемых во время действия дыхательных нагрузок отмечались наибольшие отклонения показателей функционального состояния. Произвольная мотивация на основе мобилизации волевых ресурсов при моральном стимулировании характеризовалась меньшей эффективностью, а отсутствие специально сформированной процессуальной мотивации сопровождалось минимальной переносимостью резистивных нагрузок. Выводы. Процессуальная мотивация, сформированная для преодоления дополнительного респираторного сопротивления, существенно повышает переносимость средств индивидуальной защиты органов дыхания, что имеет большое значение для сохранения здоровья работающих в условиях загрязненной производственной среды. Ключевые слова: мотивация, переносимость, увеличенное сопротивление дыханию.

Hypothalamus and respiratory minute volume

1960 ◽  
Vol 198 (6) ◽  
pp. 1304-1306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward S. Redgate
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Minute Volume ◽  
Reflex Pathways ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Significant Depression ◽  
Volume Decrease ◽  
Frequency Current ◽  
Respiratory Reflex

Minute volume of respiration was measured in 21 cats. Hypodermic tubing and electrodes were implanted in the hypothalamus. Minute volume of respiration was measured before and after depression of the hypothalamus by coagulation with high frequency current or by microinjection of 4% thiopental into sites in the hypothalamus. Depression of the hypothalamus was followed by a 20–30% decrease in minute volume. The results were statistically significant. Depression of the thalamus by coagulation or microinjection of thiopental was not followed by a significant change in minute volume. Intravenous injection of the amount of thiopental injected into the hypothalamus did not alter minute volume. Minute volume decrease was often associated with blood pressure and muscle tone decreases, but in several cases, minute volume decreases were independent of blood pressure and muscle tone. The evidence supports the argument that tonic discharges from the hypothalamus increase the excitability of respiratory reflex pathways and effect increased minute volume.

Radionuclide Evaluation of Pulmonary Perfusion in Patients with Severe Thoracic Scoliosis Before and After Surgery

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
AV. V Karalkin ◽  
I. N Lisyanskiy ◽  
A. A Kuleshov ◽  
M. S Vetrile
Keyword(s):  
Deformity Correction ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Concave Side ◽  
External Respiration ◽  
Thoracic Scoliosis ◽  
Severe Scoliosis ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Pulmonary Scintigraphy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pulmonary Microcirculation

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the influence of severe scoliosis surgical correction upon pulmonary microcirculation. The study included 8 patients aged 12— 27 years with severe thoracic scoliosis. Angle deformity by Cobb ranged from 80 to 140° (mean 120.4°). Deformity correction and fixation was performed on the concave side of thorax using multilevel CotrelDubousset instrumentation (CDI) and elevating thoracoplasty (ET). Perfusion radionuclide pulmonary scintigraphy was performed prior to, 3 months and 1 year after surgery. Analysis of pulmonary scintigrams included both the qualitative (visual) and quantitative assessments. Besides, examination of external respiration function (spirometry and spirography) was performed. Mean postoperative Cobb angle made up 67.4°. No loss of correction was noted. Prior to surgical intervention pulmonary scintigrams showed deformation of lung fields, displacement along the vertical axis towards opposite to curvature side, decreased perfusion in the zone of intercostal retraction on the concave side of thorax. Postoperatively restoration of vertical axis, increase of lungs size and improvement of perfusion were observed. Mean vital lung capacity increased from 1510 (540-2280) to 2090 (640-3010) ml. Thus, combined application of CDI and ET enabled to perform adequate correction of severe thoracic scoliosis as well as to improve pulmonary microcirculation and radionuclide perfusion scintigraphy was a highly informative method for the evaluation of lung condition.

The effect of verapamil and inspired CO2 on the bronchoconstriction provoked by hyperventilation in normal humans

1985 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. C. Twort ◽  
J. E. Neild ◽  
I. R. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Specific Conductance ◽  
Forced Oscillation Technique ◽  
Respiratory Resistance ◽  
Voluntary Hyperventilation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Normal Humans ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
Oral Verapamil

1. Two groups of eight normal subjects were investigated in separate studies to demonstrate the effects of changes in end-tidal Pco2, and of pretreatment with the calcium antagonist drug verapamil, on bronchoconstriction provoked by voluntary hyperventilation. 2. Total respiratory resistance (Ros) was measured by the forced oscillation technique before and after 90s voluntary hyperventilation. End-tidal Pco2 during hyperventilation was varied by altering inspired CO2 concentration. When end-tidal Pco2 fell during hyperventilation, there was a rise in Ros. This did not occur if end-tidal Pco2 was controlled at a normal resting level during hyperventilation. 3. Specific conductance (sGaw) was measured before and after 90 s voluntary hyperventilation of air. Subjects were treated with oral verapamil or placebo for 2 1/2 days and the effect of hyperventilation on sGaw was reassessed. Verapamil reduced significantly the fall in sGaw caused by hyperventilation. Placebo had no effect. 4. In normal humans, bronchoconstriction provoked by hyperventilating air at ambient temperature and humidity is mediated by the fall in Pco2, and is also reduced by verapamil.

Respiratory load compensation. I. Role of the cerebrum

1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 853-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Xu ◽  
R. F. Taylor ◽  
T. McLarney ◽  
L. Y. Lee ◽  
D. T. Frazier
Keyword(s):  
Blood Gases ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Systemic Blood Pressure ◽  
Respiratory Pattern ◽  
Load Compensation ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Resistive Loads ◽  
Adult Cats

This study examines the extent to which the cerebrum and other suprapontine structures modulate the respiratory response to added mechanical resistive loads to breathing. Nine adult cats were anesthetized with thiopental sodium, tracheotomized, and instrumented with diaphragm electromyographic (EMGdi) recording electrodes. Two levels of resistive loads and tracheal occlusion were applied at the onset of inspiration in random order before and after decerebration. The integrated signal of the EMGdi (integral of EMGdi) was used to detect changes in respiratory timing and as an index of respiratory motor drive. The results showed that, compared with intact cats, decerebration did not significantly change baseline values for peak integral of EMGdi, respiratory timing, systemic blood pressure, or arterial blood gases. Although the percent changes in the peak integral of EMGdi elicited by the added loads were still significantly greater than those elicited by unloaded control breaths after decerebration, the magnitude of the responses was significantly attenuated at all load levels compared with the intact preparation. It is concluded that the cerebrum and/or other suprapontine structures provide information that is facilitatory to the respiratory pattern generator with little effect on timing.

Effects of ozone on cyclooxygenase metabolites in the baboon tracheobronchial tree

1990 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Fouke ◽  
R. A. DeLemos ◽  
M. J. Dunn ◽  
E. R. McFadden
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Hydrolysis Product ◽  
Tracheobronchial Tree ◽  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Respiratory Resistance ◽  
Pulmonary Resistance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Before And After

Short-term exposure to 0.5 parts per million (ppm) ozone has been shown to cause an increase in respiratory resistance in primates that can be diminished by 50% with pretreatment with cromolyn sodium. Because of the known membrane-stabilizing effects of cromolyn and the resultant inhibition of mediator production, we hypothesized a role for the products of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism in these events. We exposed five adult male baboons to 0.5 ppm ozone on two occasions, once with cromolyn pretreatment and once without. Pulmonary resistance (RL) was monitored and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed before and after each exposure. The BAL was analyzed for a stable hydrolysis product of prostacyclin, 6-keto-prostaglandin (PG) F1 alpha, PGE2, a stable hydrolysis product of thromboxane (Tx) A2, TxB2, and PGF2 alpha. RL increased after ozone exposure (1.62 +/- 0.23 to 3.77 +/- 0.51 cmH2O.l-1.s, difference 2.15; P less than 0.02), and this effect was partially blocked by cromolyn (1.93 +/- 0.09 to 3.18 +/- 0.40 cmH2O.l-1.s, difference 1.25; P less than 0.02). The base-line levels of the metabolites of AA in the BAL were as follows (in pg/ml): 6-keto-PGF1 alpha 72.78 +/- 12.6, PGE2 145.92 +/- 30.52, TxB2 52.52 +/- 9.56, and PGF2 alpha 22.28 +/- 5.42. Ozone exposure had no effect on the level of any of these prostanoids (P = NS). These studies quantify the magnitude of cyclooxygenase products of AA metabolism in BAL from baboon lungs and demonstrate that changes in the levels of these mediators in BAL are not prerequisites for ozone-induced increases in respiratory resistance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Respiratory volume-time relationships during resistive loading in the cat

1976 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. Zechman ◽  
D. T. Frazier ◽  
D. A. Lally
Keyword(s):  
Functional Residual Capacity ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Breathing Cycle ◽  
Tracheal Occlusion ◽  
Resistive Loading ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Residual Capacity ◽  
Bilateral Vagotomy ◽  
Resistive Loads

The first-breath (neural) effects of graded resistive loads added separately during inspiration and expiration was studied in seven anesthetized cats before and after bilateral vagotomy. Additions of airflow resistance during inspiration reduced the volume inspired (VI) and increased inspiratory duration (TI). The duration of the ensuing unloaded expiration (TE) was unchanged. Vagotomy eliminated the TI modulation with inspiratory loads. Tracheal occlusion at the onset of inspiration yielded TI values similar to the fixed values observed following vagotomy. Resistive loads added during expiration produced similar results. Expired volume (VE) decreased and (TE) increased approaching the values obtained after vagotomy. Unlike the inspiratory resistive loads, loading during expiration results in an upward shift in the functional residual capacity (FRC). The FRC shift produces a time lag between the onset of diaphragmatic (EMG) activity and the initiation of airflow of the next (unloaded) inspiration. These studies suggest separate volume-time relationships for the inspiratory and expiratory phases of the breathing cycle. Both relationships are dependent upon vagally mediated volume feedback.

NITROGEN OXIDE ROLE IN MANIFESTATION OF RESPIRATORY EFFECTS OF INCREASED EXOGENOUS IL-1Β LEVEL IN BLOOD-VASCULAR SYSTEM

2019 ◽  
pp. 91-102
Author(s):  
A.A. Klinnikova ◽  
G.A. Danilova ◽  
N.P. Aleksandrova
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
External Respiration ◽  
Respiratory Effects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Keywords Cytokines ◽  
Ventilation Response

The purpose of the study is to identify the role of nitrergic mechanisms in the ability of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β to influence the respiration pattern and hypoxic ventilation response. Materials and Methods. The experiments were performed on 42 anesthetized rats. To conduct an inhibitory analysis of the nitric oxide role in the manifestation of IL-1β respiratory effects, the authors used a non-selective inhibitor of NO-synthases of Nitro-L-arginine-methyl ether (L-NAME), and a highly specific inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase, aminoguanidine bicarbonate. The hypoxic ventilation response was evaluated by a rebreathing method with a hypoxic gas mixture before and after intravenous administration of human recombinant IL-1β. Pneumatic tachometry was used to register the parameters of external respiration. Results. Intravenous administration of IL-1β has an activating effect on respiration and causes an increase in tidal volume by 36±5.2 %, minute respiration volume by 23±3.8 % and average inspiratory flow rate by 20±3.0 %. However, an increase in IL-1β systemic level decreases the ventilation response to hypoxia. Inhibition of NO-synthase activity with both L-NAME and aminoguanidine reduces IL-1β respiratory effects. Conclusion. One of the mechanisms to implement the respiratory effects of the key pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β in case of increase in its circulating level is an increase in the synthesis of nitric oxide with vascular endothelium cells. Keywords: cytokines, interleukin-1β, ventilation, ventilation response to hypoxia, hypoxic chemoreflex, nitric oxide. Цель исследования. Выявление роли нитрергических механизмов в способности провоспалительного цитокина ИЛ-1β оказывать влияние на паттерн дыхания и гипоксический вентиляционный ответ. Материалы и методы. Эксперименты выполнены на 42 наркотизированных крысах. Для проведения ингибиторного анализа роли оксида азота в проявлении респираторных эффектов ИЛ-1β использовались неселективный ингибитор NO-синтаз L-нитро-аргинин-метилэфира (L-NAME), а также высокоспецифичный ингибитор индуцибельной синтазы оксида азота аминогуанидина бикарбоната. Гипоксический вентиляционный ответ оценивался методом возвратного дыхания гипоксической газовой смесью до и после внутривенного введения человеческого рекомбинантного ИЛ-1β. Для регистрации параметров внешнего дыхания использовался метод пневмотахометрии. Результаты. Показано, что внутривенное введение ИЛ-1β оказывает активирующее влияние на дыхание, вызывая увеличение дыхательного объема на 36,0±5,2 %, минутного объема дыхания – на 23,0±3,8 % и средней скорости инспираторного потока – на 20,0±3,0 %. Вместе с тем повышение системного уровня ИЛ-1β вызывает ослабление вентиляционного ответа на гипоксию. Ингибирование NO-синтазной активности с помощью как L-NAME, так и аминогуанидина ослабляет респираторные эффекты ИЛ-1β. Выводы. Одним из механизмов реализации респираторных эффектов ключевого провоспалительного цитокина ИЛ-1β при повышении его циркулирующего уровня является усиление синтеза оксида азота клетками сосудистого эндотелия. Ключевые слова: цитокины, интерлейкин-1β, вентиляция, вентиляционный ответ на гипоксию, гипоксический хеморефлекс, оксид азота.

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