Existe-t-il un exode des compétences françaises vers l'étranger ? L'exemple des migrations vers New York (Is there an exodus of the highly skilled french people to foreign countries ? The example of the flows to New York)

2004 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-181
Author(s):  
Nicolas Valadeau
2020 ◽  
pp. 27-52
Author(s):  
Sharon Zukin

This chapter dives deeply into the subculture of hackathons as a paradigmatic event of the new economy. Using ethnographic observations and interviews with participants at seven public hackathons sponsored by companies in New York, the account shows how the weekend-long competition to write computer code socializes highly skilled, young tech workers to produce “innovation” on demand. Corporate sponsors appeal to participants’ love of coding and “building things” as well as their desire to build their résumés, promising jobs, networking, and glory to winners who can produce marketable products and ideas. Participants willingly engage in both self-exploitation and self-promotion, aware that corporate sponsors have the upper hand but enjoying the sense of play, mutual learning, and collaboration-with-competition that hackathons foster. The combination of self-exploitation and self-promotion, amid both emotional and rational appeals, represents the culture of the new economy and sets a new, permeable boundary between personal life, workspace, and worktime.


1990 ◽  
Vol 132 (supp1) ◽  
pp. 43-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
GLYN G. CALDWELL

Abstract Beginning in 1961, the Centers for Disease Control investigated 108 cancer clusters and reported the findings in Epidemic Aid Reports. The clusters studied were of leukemia (38%), leukemia and lymphoma (30%), leukemia and other cancer combinations (13%), and all other cancer or combinations (19%). These clusters occurred in 29 states and five foreign countries, with the largest numbers from Connecticut (11), California (eight), Illinois (eight), New York (eight), Georgia (seven), Pennsylvania (six), and Iowa (five). All other states reported less than five. Eight different data collection methods were used, often in combinations, and four types of laboratory methods on four different specimen types. Although 14 different categories of associations were reported, no dear cause was found for any cluster. Nonetheless, concern about clusters by the public and media, and the need to investigate them, warrants the development of a uniform approach for use by local health departments.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
marco casolino

Abstract In this work we develop a series of techniques and tools to determine and quantify the presence of bias and censorship in newspapers. These algorithms are tested analyzing the occurrence of keywords ‘killed’ and ‘suicide’ ( ‘morti’, ‘suicidio’ in Italian) and their changes over time, gender and reported location on the complete online archives (42 million records) of the major US newspaper ( The New York Times ) and the three major Italian ones ( Il Corriere della Sera, La Repubblica, La Stampa ). Using these tools, since the Italian language distinguishes between the female and male cases, we find the presence of gender bias in all Italian newspapers, with reported single female deaths to be about one-third of those involving single men. Analyzing the historical trends, we show evidence of censorship in Italian newspapers both during World War 1 and during the Italian Fascist regime. Censorship in all countries during World Wars and in Italy during the Fascist period is a historically ascertained fact, but so far there was no estimate on the amount on censorship in newspaper reporting: in this work we estimate that about 75% of domestic deaths and suicides were not reported. This is also confirmed by statistical analysis of the distribution of the least significant digit of the number of reported deaths. We also find that the distribution function of the number of articles vs. the number of deaths reported in articles follows a power law, which is broken (with fewer articles being written) when reporting on few deaths occurring in foreign countries. The lack of articles is found to grow with geographical distance from the nation where the newspaper is being printed. Whereas the assessment of the truth of a single article or the debunking of what are now called ‘fake news’ requires specific fact-checking and becomes more difficult as time goes by, these methods can be be used in historical analysis and to evaluate quantitatively the amount of bias and censorship present in other printed or online publication and can thus contribute to quantitatively assess the freedom of the press in a given country. Furthermore, they can be applied in wider contexts such as the evaluation of bias toward specific ethnic groups or specific accidents.


2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 103-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Стариков ◽  
Aleksandr Starikov ◽  
Батурин ◽  
Kirill Baturin

The analysis revealed that except for minor differences, both in Russia and in foreign countries, ap-ply a piece and group methods of accounting for harvested wood. The main methods are the method of single-piece end sections, sectional method, accounting method wood top diameter and run, refer to group stacking and weighting methods. To improve the accuracy of determining the volume of wood required highly skilled employees, and the use of modern automated means of measurement of geometrical parameters of timber materials.


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