scholarly journals Caracterização colorimétrica de pisos de madeiras tropicais amazônicas

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1511-1518
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Silva Costa ◽  
Bárbara Luísa Corradi Pereira ◽  
Mirian Fátima de Almeida Silva ◽  
Elaine Cristina Lengowski ◽  
Aylson Costa Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Hymenaea Courbaril ◽  
Dipteryx Odorata

A cor da madeira é uma característica decisiva na escolha de pisos pelos consumidores. O objetivo deste estudo foi fazer a caracterização colorimétrica de pisos de cinco espécies tropicais amazônicas: Dipteryx odorata (cumaru), Handroanthus spp. (ipê), Hymenaea courbaril (jatobá), Astronium lecointei (muiracatiara) e Bowdichia virgilioides (sucupira-preta), bem como correlacionar os parâmetros colorimétricos com a densidade básica da madeira. A caracterização colorimétrica foi determinada na face superior tangencial dos pisos, obtendo-se os parâmetros colorimétricos L* (luminosidade), a* (coordenada cromática verde-vermelho) e b* (coordenada cromática azul-amarelo), com base no sistema CIEL*a*b*, e os parâmetros C (saturação) e h* (ângulo de tinta) foram calculados. Os resultados foram submetidos à análises de variância e ao teste de Tukey (p≤0,05) para verificar diferenças entre as espécies e avaliou-se a correlação de Pearson entre os parâmetros colorimétricos e a densidade básica da madeira. Os parâmetros colorimétricos variaram entre as espécies, com L* de 47,43 a 63,08; a* de 6,50 a 13,52; b* de 17,74 a 26,16; C de 18,89 a 29,31; e, h* de 61,56 a 69,86 e esses apresentaram baixa variação dentro da mesma espécie. Conclui-se que os pisos de madeira das espécies cumaru, ipê e sucupira-preta são escuros e os de jatobá e muiracatiara, claros. Há uma correlação inversa entre a densidade básica e a luminosidade (L*) das madeiras avaliadas. A colorimetria pode ser utilizada como critério auxiliar de classificação de madeiras destinadas à produção de pisos.

scholarly journals QUALITY OF TROPICAL HARDWOOD FLOORS

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Silva Costa ◽  
Aylson Costa Oliveira ◽  
Bárbara Luísa Corradi Pereira ◽  
José Reinaldo Moreira da Silva ◽  
Mônica Bezerra de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basic Density ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Steel Sphere ◽  
Hymenaea Courbaril ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Tropical Hardwood ◽  
Wood Flooring ◽  
Rolling Load ◽  
Dipteryx Odorata

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the basic density of the wood and to simulate the performance of flooring produced with wood from five tropical species: Dipteryx odorata (Cumaru), Handroanthus spp. (Ipê), Hymenaea Courbaril (Jatobá), Astronium Lecointei (Muiracatiara), and Bowdichia virgilioides (Sucupira-Preta). Falling steel sphere, static and dynamic friction, indentation caused by loads applied in small areas, rolling load, and abrasiveness impact tests were simulated. The results were subjected to analysis of variance and Tukey’s test at 5% significance, and Pearson’s correlation was performed between the basic density and the indexes of each flooring. The basic density of the wood flooring made from the evaluated species ranged from 0.735 to 0.958 g.cm-3. D. odorata, Handroanthus spp. and H. courbaril woods were classified as heavy, while those of A. Lecointei and B. Virgilioides as moderately heavy. It was possible to indicate D. odorata, Handroanthus spp., H. courbaril, and B. Virgilioides flooring for environments with intense traffic where there is dragging or falling objects such as industries and companies. The A. Lecointei flooring can be used in residential environments with light traffic, where the loads exerted are low. There was a correlation between the basic wood density and the flooring use simulation tests.

Heartwood extractives from the Amazonian trees Dipteryx odorata, Hymenaea courbaril, and Astronium lecointei and their antioxidant activities

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 470-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takanori Imai ◽  
Sousuke Inoue ◽  
Naomi Ohdaira ◽  
Yasuyuki Matsushita ◽  
Rie Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Hymenaea Courbaril ◽  
Dipteryx Odorata ◽  
Heartwood Extractives ◽  
Amazonian Trees

scholarly journals The impact of natural and artificial weathering on the anatomy of selected tropical hardwoods

IAWA Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslava Mamoňová ◽  
Ladislav Reinprecht
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Parenchyma Cell ◽  
Middle Lamella ◽  
Artificial Weathering ◽  
Hymenaea Courbaril ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Micro Cracks ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Dipteryx Odorata ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The effect of natural and artificial weathering on the anatomy of seven tropical hardwoods: Bangkirai (Shorea obtusa Wall.), Cumaru (Dipteryx odorata (Aubl.) Wild.), Cumaru Rosa (Dipteryx magnifica (Ducke) Ducke), Ipé (Tabebuia serratifolia Nichols.), Jatobá (Hymenaea courbaril L.), Kusia (Nauclea diderrichii Merill) and Massaranduba (Manilkara bidentata A. Chev.), was studied. As a result of weathering some characteristic anatomical changes occurred: the weakening of connections between cell elements related to the degradation of the middle lamella; micro-cracks in cell walls; total degradation of parenchyma cells in xylem rays, or significant thinning of parenchyma cell walls and their extreme shrinkage; micro-cracks in the vicinity of xylem rays; significant transversal disruptions in libriform fibres; ablation of pit membranes in vessels and parenchyma cells; changes in the secondary wall of libriform fibres, for example, their defibrillation and weathering-degradation of the S1 layer; and spherical formations on the S3 layer of cell walls produced from condensing compounds of degraded lignin and hemicelluloses as well as thermo-mechanical wrinkling. The highest incidence of micro-cracks after both modes of weathering was found in the densest species; Cumaru, Ipé, and Massaranduba.

scholarly journals DURABILIDADE NATURAL DE DEZ MADEIRAS AMAZÔNICAS SOB CONDIÇÕES DE CAMPO

Nativa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 758
Author(s):  
Janaína De Nadai Corassa ◽  
Catiane Michelli Alcantara Tiesen ◽  
Onice Teresinha Dall'Oglio ◽  
Rafael Rodolfo de Melo
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Natural Durability ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Amazonian Forest ◽  
Hymenaea Courbaril ◽  
Loss Of Resistance ◽  
Termite Attack ◽  
Dipteryx Odorata

O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a durabilidade natural de dez espécies florestais da Amazônia em dois ambientes de deterioração. As espécies estudadas foram a Trattinnickia burserifolia Burseraceae (amescla), Mezilaurus itauba (itaúba), Hymenaea courbaril (jatobá), Nectandra cissiflora (canela), Hymenolobium petraeum (angelim pedra), Erisma uncinatum (cedrinho), Bowdichia virgilioides (sucupira), Apuleia leiocarpa (garapeira), Dipteryx odorata (cumaru) e Qualea albiflora (cambará). Os ambientes avaliados foram campo aberto e mata. As amostras das madeiras foram confeccionadas com dimensões de 5 x 5 x 40 cm e submetidas em ensaio de deterioração durante 660 dias. Em campo foi realizado o teste de quebra e a coleta dos cupins presentes nas madeiras. Após 660 dias as amostras foram encaminhadas ao laboratório para avaliação do índice de sanidade. As madeiras de amescla, angelim pedra, cambara e cedro foram as mais deterioradas pelos cupins. Foram observados quatro gêneros de cupins nas madeiras avaliadas: Heterotermes sp., Coptotermes sp., Dolichorhinotermes sp. e Armitermes sp. A madeira itaúba apresentou maior durabilidade natural em todos os testes. O ambiente onde ocorreu a maior perda de resistência das espécies foi a mata.Palavras-chave: térmitas; ensaio de campo; resistência; teste de quebra. NATURAL DURABILITY OF TEN AMAZON WOODS UNDER FIELD CONDICTIONS ABSTRACT:The objective of this study was to evaluate the natural durability of ten Amazonian forest species in two environments of deterioration. The species studied were Trattinnickia burserifolia (amescla), Mezilaurus itauba (itaúba), Hymenaea courbaril (jatobá), Nectandra cissiflora (canela), Hymenolobium petreum (angelimpedra), Erisma uncinatum (cedrinho), Bowdichia virgilioides (sucupira), Apuleia leiocarpa (garapeira), Dipteryx odorata (cumaru) e Qualea albiflora (cambara). The environments were an open field and a forest. The wood samples were made with dimensions of 5 x 5 x 40 cm and submitted to a deterioration test for 660 days. In the field was realized breaking test and collection of the termites present in the woods. After 660 days the samples were sent to the laboratory to evaluate the sanity index. Amescla, angelim pedra, cambara and  cedro woods  showed more preference about termite attack. Four genres of termites were observed in the woods evaluated: Heterotermes sp., Coptotermes sp., Dolichorhinotermes sp.  and Armitermes sp. Itaúba wood presented greater natural durability in all tests. The environment of deterioration that most influenced the loss of resistance of the species was the forest.Keywords: termite; field test; resistance; break test.

scholarly journals Prospection of Fungal Lignocellulolytic Enzymes Produced from Jatoba (Hymenaea courbaril) and Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) Seeds: Scaling for Bioreactor and Saccharification Profile of Sugarcane Bagasse

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 533
Author(s):  
Alex Graça Contato ◽  
Tássio Brito de Oliveira ◽  
Guilherme Mauro Aranha ◽  
Emanuelle Neiverth de Freitas ◽  
Ana Claudia Vici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Lignocellulolytic Enzymes ◽  
Tamarindus Indica ◽  
Acetyl Xylan Esterase ◽  
Trametes Hirsuta ◽  
Hymenaea Courbaril ◽  
The Media ◽  
Main Components

The lignocellulosic biomass comprises three main components: cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Degradation and conversion of these three components are attractive to biotechnology. This study aimed to prospect fungal lignocellulolytic enzymes with potential industrial applications, produced through a temporal analysis using Hymenaea courbaril and Tamarindus indica seeds as carbon sources. α-L-arabinofuranosidase, acetyl xylan esterase, endo-1,5-α-L-arabinanase, β-D-galactosidase, β-D-glucosidase, β-glucanase, β-D-xylosidase, cellobiohydrolase, endoglucanase, lichenase, mannanase, polygalacturonase, endo-1,4-β-xylanase, and xyloglucanase activities were determined. The enzymes were produced for eight filamentous fungi: Aspergillus fumigatus, Trametes hirsuta, Lasiodiplodia sp., two strains of Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Neocosmospora perseae, Fusarium sp. and Thermothelomyces thermophilus. The best producers concerning enzymatic activity were T. thermophilus and T. longibrachiatum. The optimal conditions for enzyme production were the media supplemented with tamarind seeds, under agitation, for 72 h. This analysis was essential to demonstrate that cultivation conditions, static and under agitation, exert strong influences on the production of several enzymes produced by different fungi. The kind of sugarcane, pretreatment used, microorganisms, and carbon sources proved limiting sugar profile factors.

scholarly journals Natural durability and improved resistance of 20 Amazonian wood species after 30 years in ground contact

Holzforschung ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Nunes Gouveia ◽  
Marcelo Fontana da Silveira ◽  
Alencar Garlet
Keyword(s):  
Wood Species ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Natural Durability ◽  
Amazon Forest ◽  
Ground Contact ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
Ground Test ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Dipteryx Odorata ◽  
Copper Arsenate

Abstract This study aimed to assess the natural durability of 20 Amazonian wood species preserved with chromated copper arsenate (CCA) after 30 years in ground contact in an experimental field test at National Forest of Tapajós, Pará state - Brazil. Heartwood samples with a cross-section of 5 × 5 cm and 50 cm of length were half-buried in soil and inspected every year for decay. The species were classified according to natural durability following the classification method proposed by Findlay (Findlay, W.P.K. (1985). The nature and durability of wood. In: Findlay, W.P.K. (Ed.), Preservation of timber in the tropics. Springer Science, Whitchurch, pp. 1–13). After 30 years in ground test, six species were classified as Perishable, seven as Non-durable, three as Durable and four as Very durable, namely: Trichilia lecointei, Lecythis pisonis, Pseudopiptadenia suaveolens, and Dipteryx odorata (Very durable), Protium tenuifolium, Dinizia excelsa, and Ormosia paraensis (Durable), Endopleura uchi, Goupia glabra, Pouteria egregia, Tachigali chrysophylla, Tachigali paraensis, Vatairea sericea, and Vochysia maxima (Non-durable) and Chrysophyllum lucentifolium, Couratari oblongifolia, Didymopanax morototoni, Lueheopsis duckeana, Sterculia excelsa, and Xylopia nitida (Perishable). CCA preservative treatment was effective to promote timber protection, even under harsh climatic conditions of the Amazon forest environment.

scholarly journals GROWTH AND PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF TREE SPECIES (Hymenaea courbaril L., Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub. and Myroxylon peruiferum L. F.) EXPOSED TO DIFFERENT COPPER CONCENTRATIONS IN THE SOIL

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Maria Marques ◽  
Adriano Bortolotti Silva ◽  
José Ricardo Mantovani ◽  
Dalvana Sousa Pereira ◽  
Thiago Corrêa Souza
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Copper Content ◽  
Metal Tolerance ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Hymenaea Courbaril ◽  
Tolerance Strategy ◽  
Photosynthetic Machinery ◽  
Biometric Measurements

ABSTRACT Copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient for plants. However, when in excess, it becomes phytotoxic. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and physiological responses of tree species exposed to different copper concentrations in the soil. Three experiments were carried out, one for each forest species under study: Myroxylon peruiferum ("Óleo Bálsamo"), Hymenaea courbaril ("Jatobá") and Peltophorum dubium ("Canafístula"), with the same doses of copper (0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg kg-1). The experimental design was in randomized blocks (DBC), with five copper concentrations and four replicates. The plants were grown on soil substrate packed in 8-dm3 pots and kept in a greenhouse for 90 days. Biometric measurements, chlorophyll, antioxidant enzymes and copper content in tissues were evaluated. Copper did not influence the vegetative growth of the species studied. The content of chlorophyll "a" was reduced with increasing copper concentrations in the soil. H. courbaril had 56 to 92% copper retained in the roots, and the same behavior was observed for P. dubium (77-91%) and M. peruiferum (19-64%). In the three species studied, there was copper bioaccumulation, mainly in the roots, possibly as a metal tolerance strategy, preserving the most active tissues and the photosynthetic machinery. Cu translocation from roots to shoot was very restricted in all species. This behavior, associated with the increase in the activity of some antioxidant enzymes in plants, may indicate the phytoremediation potential of the studied species.

Evaluation of Longitudinal Modulus of Elasticity in Wood Species for Structural Application

2014 ◽  
Vol 1025-1026 ◽  
pp. 192-195
Author(s):  
Eduardo Chahud ◽  
Luiz Antônio Melgaço Nunes Branco ◽  
André Luis Christoforo ◽  
Francisco Antonio Rocco Lahr ◽  
Rosane Aparecida Gomes Battistelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wood Species ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Structural Application ◽  
Longitudinal Elastic Modulus ◽  
Longitudinal Modulus ◽  
Dipteryx Odorata ◽  
Brazilian Standard

1024x768 This research aimed to investigate possible differences in values of longitudinal modulus of elasticity for wood species usually employed for structural purposes, as Castanheira (Bertholletia excelsa), Cambará (Erisma uncinatum), Cumaru (Dipteryx odorata), Jatobá (Hymenaea stilbocarpa), Garapa (Apuleia leiocarpa) and Peroba Rosa (Aspidosperma polyneuron), obtained from compression and tension parallel to grain, and static bending tests. Recommendations of the Brazilian standard ABNT NBR 7190:1997, Annex B, were followed. Statistical analysis results for the cited properties, had equivalent averages for the six wood species analyzed. This confirms that any of the three tests can be used to obtain the longitudinal elastic modulus and which could avoid the necessity of evaluating stiffness values for wood by more than one kind of mechanical test. Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabela normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}

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