scholarly journals Prospection of Fungal Lignocellulolytic Enzymes Produced from Jatoba (Hymenaea courbaril) and Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) Seeds: Scaling for Bioreactor and Saccharification Profile of Sugarcane Bagasse

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 533
Author(s):  
Alex Graça Contato ◽  
Tássio Brito de Oliveira ◽  
Guilherme Mauro Aranha ◽  
Emanuelle Neiverth de Freitas ◽  
Ana Claudia Vici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Lignocellulolytic Enzymes ◽  
Tamarindus Indica ◽  
Acetyl Xylan Esterase ◽  
Trametes Hirsuta ◽  
Hymenaea Courbaril ◽  
The Media ◽  
Main Components

The lignocellulosic biomass comprises three main components: cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Degradation and conversion of these three components are attractive to biotechnology. This study aimed to prospect fungal lignocellulolytic enzymes with potential industrial applications, produced through a temporal analysis using Hymenaea courbaril and Tamarindus indica seeds as carbon sources. α-L-arabinofuranosidase, acetyl xylan esterase, endo-1,5-α-L-arabinanase, β-D-galactosidase, β-D-glucosidase, β-glucanase, β-D-xylosidase, cellobiohydrolase, endoglucanase, lichenase, mannanase, polygalacturonase, endo-1,4-β-xylanase, and xyloglucanase activities were determined. The enzymes were produced for eight filamentous fungi: Aspergillus fumigatus, Trametes hirsuta, Lasiodiplodia sp., two strains of Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Neocosmospora perseae, Fusarium sp. and Thermothelomyces thermophilus. The best producers concerning enzymatic activity were T. thermophilus and T. longibrachiatum. The optimal conditions for enzyme production were the media supplemented with tamarind seeds, under agitation, for 72 h. This analysis was essential to demonstrate that cultivation conditions, static and under agitation, exert strong influences on the production of several enzymes produced by different fungi. The kind of sugarcane, pretreatment used, microorganisms, and carbon sources proved limiting sugar profile factors.

scholarly journals Laccase Production by Trameteshirsuta, Characterization, and Its Capability of Decoloring Chlorophyll

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIAYANG LIU ◽  
WENHUA LIU ◽  
YUJIE CAI ◽  
XIANGRU LIAO ◽  
QINGGUO HUANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Laccase Production ◽  
Fungal Laccases ◽  
Trametes Hirsuta ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Extracellular Laccase ◽  
Enzyme Dosage

The present study focused on laccase production, characterization, and its involvement in chlorophyll decolorization. Extracellular laccase, with the highest activity of 11 U/ml on day 8, was efficiently produced from Trametes hirsuta in 5 l bioreactor with optimized media comprising dual carbon sources, glucose and water hyacinth. A laccase was then purified from the supernatant to homogeneity with purification fold of 9.51 and recovery of 39.8% and an estimated molecular mass of 62 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The laccase showed activity at pH 2-6 and temperature 30-80°C and was relatively thermally stable at below 70°C and neutral pH. The laccase was applied to decolorize chlorophyll under different factors: temperature, pH, mediator, metal ions, and enzyme dosage. Other fungal laccases were also found to be able to degrade chlorophyll with rating from 52% to 88% following 1 h treatment with two laccase dosages (5 or 10 U/ml) in the absence of any other mediators at room temperature. These findings may be an important step in developing new, important, and commercially viable industrial applications for laccase enzymes.

scholarly journals Consumer's inflation expectations in Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-529
Author(s):  
Fernando Ormonde Teixeira ◽  
Ingrid Christyne Luquett de Oliveira ◽  
Pedro Costa Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Forecast Accuracy ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Inflation Expectations ◽  
Consumer Survey ◽  
Micro Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Expectations Formation ◽  
The Media ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Media Data

Abstract This paper investigates what are the main components of consumer's inflation expectations. We combine the FGV's Consumer Survey with the indices of inflation (IPCA and government regulated prices), professional forecasts disclosed in the Focus report, and media data which we crawl from one of the biggest and most important Brazilian newspapers, Folha de São Paulo, to determine what factors are responsible for and improve consumer's forecast accuracy. We found gender, age and city of residence as major elements when analyzing micro-data. Aggregate data shows the past inflation as an important trigger in the formation of consumers' expectations and professional forecasts as negligible. Moreover, the media plays a significant role, accounting not only for the expectations' formation but for a better understanding of actual inflation as well.

scholarly journals Screening and directed evolution of transporters to improve xylodextrin utilization in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenlu Zhang ◽  
Ligia Acosta-Sampson ◽  
Vivian Yaci Yu ◽  
Jamie H. D. Cate
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Directed Evolution ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Cellulosic Biofuel ◽  
Economic Production ◽  
Report Analysis ◽  
Selection Medium

AbstractThe economic production of cellulosic biofuel requires efficient and full utilization of all abundant carbohydrates naturally released from plant biomass by enzyme cocktails. Recently, we reconstituted the Neurospora crassa xylodextrin transport and consumption system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, enabling growth of yeast on xylodextrins aerobically. However, the consumption rate of xylodextrin requires improvement for industrial applications, including consumption in anaerobic conditions. As a first step in this improvement, we report analysis of orthologues of the N. crassa transporters CDT-1 and CDT-2. Transporter ST16 from Trichoderma virens enables faster aerobic growth of S. cerevisiae on xylodextrins compared to CDT-2. ST16 is a xylodextrin-specific transporter, and the xylobiose transport activity of ST16 is not inhibited by cellobiose. Other transporters identified in the screen also enable growth on xylodextrins including xylotriose. Taken together, these results indicate that multiple transporters might prove useful to improve xylodextrin utilization in S. cerevisiae. Efforts to use directed evolution to improve ST16 from a chromosomally-integrated copy were not successful, due to background growth of yeast on other carbon sources present in the selection medium. Future experiments will require increasing the baseline growth rate of the yeast population on xylodextrins, to ensure that the selective pressure exerted on xylodextrin transport can lead to isolation of improved xylodextrin transporters.

scholarly journals Introducing a Thermo-Alkali-Stable, Metallic Ion-Tolerant Laccase Purified From White Rot Fungus Trametes hirsuta

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Si ◽  
Hongfei Ma ◽  
Yongjia Cao ◽  
Baokai Cui ◽  
Yucheng Dai
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Metallic Ions ◽  
Trametes Hirsuta ◽  
Ph Range

This study introduces a valuable laccase, designated ThLacc-S, purified from white rot fungus Trametes hirsuta. ThLacc-S is a monomeric protein in nature with a molecular weight of 57.0 kDa and can efficiently metabolize endocrine disrupting chemicals. The enzyme was successfully purified to homogeneity via three consecutive steps consisting of salt precipitation and column chromatography, resulting in a 20.76-fold increase in purity and 46.79% yield, with specific activity of 22.111 U/mg protein. ThLacc-S was deciphered as a novel member of the laccase family and is a rare metalloenzyme that contains cysteine, serine, histidine, and tyrosine residues in its catalytic site, and follows Michaelis-Menten kinetic behavior with a Km and a kcat/Km of 87.466 μM and 1.479 s–1μM–1, respectively. ThLacc-S exerted excellent thermo-alkali stability, since it was markedly active after a 2-h incubation at temperatures ranging from 20 to 70°C and retained more than 50% of its activity after incubation for 72 h in a broad pH range of 5.0–10.0. Enzymatic activities of ThLacc-S were enhanced and preserved when exposed to metallic ions, surfactants, and organic solvents, rendering this novel enzyme of interest as a green catalyst for versatile biotechnological and industrial applications that require these singularities of laccases, particularly biodegradation and bioremediation of environmental pollutants.

scholarly journals Morphogenesis and Production of Enzymes byPenicillium echinulatumin Response to Different Carbon Sources

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willian Daniel Hahn Schneider ◽  
Laísa dos Reis ◽  
Marli Camassola ◽  
Aldo José Pinheiro Dillon
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Sugar Cane Bagasse ◽  
Xylanase Production ◽  
Penicillium Echinulatum ◽  
The Media ◽  
Filter Paper Activity ◽  
Second Generation Ethanol

The effect of different carbon sources on morphology and cellulase and xylanase production ofPenicillium echinulatumwas evaluated in this work. Among the six carbon sources studied, cellulose and sugar cane bagasse were the most suitable for the production of filter paper activity, endoglucanases, xylanases, andβ-glucosidases. However, sucrose and glucose showedβ-glucosidase activities similar to those obtained with the insoluble sources. The polyacrylamide gels proved the enzymatic activity, since different standards bands were detected in the media mentioned above. Regarding morphology, it was observed that the mycelium in a dispersed form provided the greatest enzymatic activity, possibly due to greater interaction between the substrate and hyphae. These data are important in understanding the physiology of fungi and could contribute to obtaining enzyme with potential application in the technology of second generation ethanol.

Deep-UV materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Ehrt
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Loss ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Trace Impurities ◽  
Intrinsic Absorption ◽  
Electron Transitions ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Deep Ultraviolet ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Extrinsic Absorption

Abstract Materials with high deep-ultraviolet (DUV; λ<300 nm) transmission are important for many industrial applications. Fluoride single crystals and various glasses, pure SiO2, fluoride, phosphate, multicomponent silicates, and organic materials (PMMA), were investigated. The role of intrinsic absorption (UV edge) due to electron transitions between the main components, and extrinsic absorption due to trace impurities, effect of polyvalent ions, redox behavior, and radiation-induced transmission loss were considered. The optical basicity and optical properties were used to order the materials.

scholarly journals Design of a Pre-Bunched THz Free Electron Laser

Particles ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruixuan Huang ◽  
Weiwei Li ◽  
Zhouyu Zhao ◽  
Heting Li ◽  
Jigang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Electron ◽  
Free Electron Laser ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Tuning Range ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Thz Radiation ◽  
Fundamental Wave ◽  
Electron Dynamics ◽  
Main Components

Terahertz (THz) radiation has attracted much attention in new scientific and industrial applications. There has been significant recent progress in generating THz with accelerators. To investigate the collective behavior of electron dynamics, we have proposed a new high throughput material characterization system, which supplies a multiple light source. The system includes a pre-bunched THz free electron laser (FEL), which is a high-power narrow-band THz source with a wide tuning range of frequency. The physical design with the main components of the facility is introduced, and the simulation results are illustrated. Radiation of 0.5–3.0 THz is obtained by the fundamental wave of the pre-bunched beam, and radiation covering 3.0–5.0 THz is realized by second harmonic generation. As the simulation shows, intense THz radiation could be achieved in a frequency from 0.5–5.0 THz, with a peak power of several megawatts (MWs) and a bandwidth of a few percent.

scholarly journals ОСОБИСТІСНО-ОРІЄНТОВАНА СИСТЕМА ПІДГОТОВКИ ФАХІВЦІВ ТЕХНІЧНОГО ПРОФІЛЮ З ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ МЕДІАТЕХНОЛОГІЙ

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Pavlo V. Savaryn
Keyword(s):  
Lifelong Learning ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Training System ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
Media Technology ◽  
Media Technologies ◽  
The Media ◽  
Main Components

The paper poses a problem of lifelong learning. Brief analysis of paradigms of future specialists training for their professional work is done. There has been described in detail personality-oriented training system as well as done the analysis of recent researches and publications relating to this issue. The model of personality-oriented training system in higher technical educational institution is analyzed and stressed the importance of using a variety of sources of scientific information for each student. There has been exposed and given a brief description of the essence of the “media technology” concept. The important principles for using media technologies in teacher’s educational activity are considered. The basic requirements to didactic software development using media technology as supplement are presented. It is noted the important role of the teacher of higher technical educational institution in implementing the main components of personality-oriented training system using media technologies, as well as revealed the qualities that students of higher technical educational institution should develop.

scholarly journals Bioethanol-Producing Yeast Isolated from Fermented Cocoa

2021 ◽  
Vol 913 (1) ◽  
pp. 012060
Author(s):  
A. Thontowi ◽  
A.P. Ramadhan ◽  
H. Saputra ◽  
L.N. Kholida ◽  
Fahrurrozi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Sugarcane Juice ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
26S Rdna ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
The Media ◽  
Optimum Production

Abstract Corn and sugarcane-base bioethanol dominantly contributes to the 25 billion gallons of bioethanol worldwide. Recent researches focused on the potential microbes and biomasses for optimum production. This study is, therefore, aimed to screen the bioethanol generating yeast strains of Biotechnology Culture Collection (BTCC), isolated from chocolate fermentation in several medium containing various carbon sources. A total of 72 yeast strains were grown in the media containing sugarcane juice, sorghum juice, and molasses, which served as carbon sources. Based on 26S rDNA gene analysis, these species were included in 9 genera, encompassing Saccharomyces (63.9%), Hanseniaspora (9.7%), Candida (0.7%), Torulaspora (0.4%), Pichia (0.8%), Issatchenkia (0.1%), Wickerhamomyces (0.3%), Metschnikowia (0.1%), and Rhodotorula (0.1%). Therefore, spectrophotometer UV-Vis was used to analyze cell growth, while the fermentation products (sugars and ethanol) were evaluated using the HPLC, and about 70 strains produced bioethanol. The highest yields were obtained during fermentation, using sugarcane juice, molasses, molasses waste, and sorghum juice, at concentrations of 43, 50, and 7 g/L, respectively. Furthermore, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain were the most significant producers, as the genus was able to generate various concentrations from several carbon sources. However, the only genus without the ability to yield any related products during fermentation was Pichia (0.8%). Based on these results, it is necessary to further develop the yeast strains from chocolate fermentation, due to the potential for bioethanol production from biomasses.

Soft Computing and its Applications

2010 ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddhartha Bhattacharyya ◽  
Ujjwal Maulik ◽  
Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Evolutionary Computation ◽  
Soft Computing ◽  
Real World ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Approximation Techniques ◽  
Computing Paradigm ◽  
Numeric Data ◽  
Main Components

Soft Computing is a relatively new computing paradigm bestowed with tools and techniques for handling real world problems. The main components of this computing paradigm are neural networks, fuzzy logic and evolutionary computation. Each and every component of the soft computing paradigm operates either independently or in coalition with the other components for addressing problems related to modeling, analysis and processing of data. An overview of the essentials and applications of the soft computing paradigm is presented in this chapter with reference to the functionalities and operations of its constituent components. Neural networks are made up of interconnected processing nodes/neurons, which operate on numeric data. These networks posses the capabilities of adaptation and approximation. The varied amount of uncertainty and ambiguity in real world data are handled in a linguistic framework by means of fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic. Hence, this component is efficient in understanding vagueness and imprecision in real world knowledge bases. Genetic algorithms, simulated annealing algorithm and ant colony optimization algorithm are representative evolutionary computation techniques, which are efficient in deducing an optimum solution to a problem, thanks to the inherent exhaustive search methodologies adopted. Of late, rough sets have evolved to improve upon the performances of either of these components by way of approximation techniques. These soft computing techniques have been put to use in wide variety of problems ranging from scientific to industrial applications. Notable among these applications include image processing, pattern recognition, Kansei information processing, data mining, web intelligence etc.

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