Assess the effect of periodontal treatment on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients

2019 ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Van Minh Nguyen ◽  
Anh Tuan Ta ◽  
Thi Thanh Tam Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Periodontal Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hba1c Levels ◽  
Diabetes Patients

Background: Diabetes mellitus and periodontitis are common diseases, there is a two-way relationship between oral health and systemic disease. Periodontal treatment helps glycaemic control, and in contrast, glycaemic control can make periodontal status better. Aim: To assess the effect of periodontal treatment on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients Materials and Methods: Study design of clinical trials without control group, the sample included 50 type 2 diabetes patients with moderated periodontitis status. Patients received oral hygiene instructions, full-mouth scaling and root planing. Data collection included plaque index (PlI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment levels (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) were recorded at baseline and three month after treatment. Results: After 3-month treatment, there were a significant change in PlI, GI, PPD, CAL, BOP and HbA1c levels (p < 0.01). A statistically significant effect could be demonstrated for PlI, GI, PPD, CAL, BOP and HbA1c levels. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that non-surgical periodontal treatment is improved not only periodontal health and also glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Key words: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, periodontitis, glycemic control

scholarly journals TheType 2 Deiodinase Thr92Ala PolymorphismIs Associated with Worse Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowen Zhang ◽  
Jie Sun ◽  
Wenqing Han ◽  
Yaqiu Jiang ◽  
Shiqiao Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Design And Methods ◽  
Hba1c Levels

Objective. Type 2 deiodinase (Dio2) is an enzyme responsible for the conversion of T4 to T3. The Thr92Ala polymorphism has been shown related to an increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this study is to assess the association between this polymorphism and glycemic control in T2DM patients as marked by the HbA1C levels.Design and Methods.The terms “rs225014,” “thr92ala,” “T92A,” or “dio2 a/g” were used to search for eligible studies in the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases and Google Scholar. A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies including both polymorphism testing and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) assays were performed.Results. Four studies were selected, totaling 2190 subjects. The pooled mean difference of the studies was 0.48% (95% CI, 0.18–0.77%), indicating that type 2 diabetics homozygous for the Dio2 Thr92Ala polymorphism had higher HbA1C levels.Conclusions. Homozygosity for the Dio2 Thr92Ala polymorphism is associated with higher HbA1C levels in T2DM patients. To confirm this conclusion, more studies of larger populations are needed.

Effect of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and diabetic medication on Pulmonary Function

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaa M. Hammad ◽  
Waleed Qirim ◽  
Ameen Alassi ◽  
Dana Hyassat
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Control Group

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic condition with an impairing effect on multiple organs. Numerous respiratory disorders have been observed in patients with T2DM. However, T2DM e ect on pulmonary function is ff inconclusive. Aims: In this study, we investigated the effect of T2DM on respiratory function and the correlation of glycemic control, diabetes duration and insulin intake. Methods: 1500 patients were recruited for this study, 560 having T2DM for at least a year were included in the final data, in addition to 540 healthy volunteers. Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory flow at 25-75% (FEF 25-75%), as well as FEV1/FVC ratio values were measured. Results: A two-sample t-test showed that z-scores produced by Al-Qerem et al.’s equations for FEV1, FVC, and FEF 25-75% were significantly lower for the T2DM group than the control group (p < 0.01). FEV1/FVC ratio in T2DM group were significantly higher (p < 0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis found that glycemic control represented by HbA1c as well as disease duration were negatively associated with pulmonary function (p < 0.01). However, insulin intake was found to have no significant correlation with the pulmonary function. Conclusion: T2DM was linked to reduced pulmonary function and was consistent with a restrictive ventilation pattern. HbA1c as well as disease duration were independent risk factors for reduced pulmonary function.

scholarly journals ADHERENCE LEVEL AND BLOOD SUGAR CONTROL OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS WHO GETS COUNSELING AND SHORT MESSAGES SERVICE AS REMINDER AND MOTIVATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wirawan Adikusuma ◽  
Nurul Qiyaam
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Treatment Adherence ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hba1c Levels ◽  
Short Messages

  Objective: Examines the effects of counseling and short messages service (SMS) as a reminder and motivation toward medication adherence improvement and controlled HbA1c levels of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental method with prospective data retrieval. The subjects of this study were 40 patients with outpatient T2DM in internal disease polyclinic in West Nusa Tenggara Hospital, Indonesia. Patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were divided into two groups: The control group (n=20) receiving only the drug care service and the treatment group (n=20) receiving counseling and SMS reminder and motivation from the pharmacist. Data collecting was conducted using the pill count method, and HbA1c levels were taken from the medical record.Results: The results showed that counseling and SMS as reminder and motivation by a pharmacist can improve treatment adherence significantly (p<0.05) by 11.33 ± 8.47 and can decrease HbA1c level significantly (p<0.05) of 1.32 ± 0.72 in the intervention group. There was a positive correlation between T2DM patient treatment adherence to HbA1c levels (r=0.254, p=0.023).Conclusion: The provision of counseling and SMS as a reminder and motivation by the pharmacist can have a positive effect toward medication adherence and control of HbA1c in T2DM patients. 

scholarly journals Correlation Between Lipid Profile with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Progression

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Angiesta Pinakesty ◽  
Restu Noor Azizah
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Hba1c Levels

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a non-communicable disease that has increased from year to year. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is not caused by lack of insulin secretion, but is caused by the failure of the body's cells to respond to the hormone insulin (insulin resistance). Insulin resistance was found to be a major contributor to atherogenic dyslipidemia. Dyslipidemia in DM risks 2 to 4 times higher than non-DM. Although dyslipidemia has a great risk for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus, this conventional risk factor only explains a portion (25%) of excess cardiovascular risk in type 2 DM. Discussion: In uncontrolled type 2 DM patients, LDL oxidation occurs faster which results from an increase in chronic blood glucose levels. Glycemic control as a determinant of DM progressivity is determined through HbA1c examination. HbA1c levels are associated with blood triglyceride levels. Meanwhile, triglyceride levels are associated with total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol levels. HbA1c levels are also associated with LDL cholesterol levels. Conclusion: There is a relationship between lipid profile and the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus.   Keywords: type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, HbA1c, glycemic control, lipid profile

scholarly journals Walking prescription of 10 000 steps per day in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomised trial in Nigerian general practice

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (667) ◽  
pp. e139-e145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayorinde F Fayehun ◽  
Olufemi O Olowookere ◽  
Adetola M Ogunbode ◽  
Adedotun A Adetunji ◽  
Arinola Esan
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Step Count ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Baseline Hba1c ◽  
Steps Per Day

BackgroundIn clinical practice, translating the benefits of a sustained physically active lifestyle on glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is difficult. A walking prescription may be an effective alternative.AimTo examine the effect of a 10 000 steps per day prescription on glycaemic control of patients with T2DM.Design and settingForty-six adults with T2DM attending a general outpatient clinic were randomised into two equal groups. The intervention group was given goals to accumulate 10 000 steps per day for 10 weeks, whereas the control group maintained their normal activity habits.MethodDaily step count was measured with waist-mounted pedometer and baseline and endline average steps per day. Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), anthropometric, and cardiovascular measurements were also obtained. An intention-to-treat analysis was done.ResultsThe average baseline step count was 4505 steps per day for all participants, and the average step count in the intervention group for the last 4 weeks of the study period was higher by 2913 steps per day (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1274 to 4551, F (2, 37.7) = 18.90, P<0.001). Only 6.1% of the intervention group participants achieved the 10 000 steps per day goal. The mean baseline HbA1c was 6.6% (range = 5.3 to 9.0). Endline HbA1c was lower in the intervention group than in the control group (mean difference −0.74%, 95% CI = −1.32 to −0.02, F = 12.92, P = 0.015) after adjusting for baseline HbA1c. There was no change in anthropometric and cardiovascular indices.ConclusionAdherence to 10 000 steps per day prescription is low but may still be associated with improved glycaemic control in T2DM. Motivational strategies for better adherence would improve glycaemic control.

LOTUS2: The observational study of the effectiveness and safety of insulin glargine (lantus) in the routine clinical practice for the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus failing to achieve the targeted glycemic control using insulin detemir

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
I V Glinkina
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Insulin Glargine ◽  
Insulin Detemir ◽  
Routine Clinical Practice ◽  
Hba1c Levels

The present study included patients presenting with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) of less than 10 years in duration having the HbA1c levels between 7.0% and 10.0%. They were treated with insulin detemir (once or twice daily) in combination with oral hypoglycemic agents (OHGA) and transferred thereafter to therapy with insulin glargine (Lantus, SoloSTAR) administered once daily. The patients were advised to adjust the dose of insulin glargine in order to achieve the desired fasting blood glucose level (FBGL) below 5.6 mmol/l. The HbA1c levels and FBGL, insulin doses, body weight, frequency of hypoglycemic episodes and adverse reactions were measured within 3 and 6 months after inclusion in the study; simultaneously, the patients and doctors' satisfaction with the treatment was estimated. A total of 915 patients were available for the examination (mean age 57.9±9.2 years, mean duration of DM2 5.9±2.3 years, average BMI 31.0±5.1 kg/m2). The number of the patients presenting with the HbA1c levels below 7% within 6 months after the onset of therapy amounted to 46.5% of the total. During the same period, percentage of the patients experiencing nocturnal and daytime glycemic episodes decreased. No cases of severe hypoglycemia were documented. Moreover, the body weight of the patients somewhat decreased (by 0.9±2.9 kg; p<0.001) by the 6 month. The majority of the patients and their doctors reported the effects of described therapy as "good" or "very good". It is concluded that the substitution of the treatment with insulin detemir in combination with OHGA by therapy with insulin glargine in the patients with DM2 and suboptimal glycemic control under conditions of the routine clinical practice may improve the quality of glycemic control without a substantial body weight gain and with the low frequency of hypoglycemic episodes.

scholarly journals Characterization of the oral microbiome of medically controlled type-2 diabetes patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Almeida-Santos ◽  
Daniela Martins-Mendes ◽  
Magdalena Gayà-Vidal ◽  
Lucía Pérez-Pardal ◽  
Albano Beja-Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Global Health Care ◽  
Diabetes Patients

AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease that is becoming a significant global health care problem. Several studies have shown that people with diabetes are more susceptible to oral problems, such as periodontitis and, although the causes are still inconclusive, the oral microbiota seems to be an important factor in this interaction. This study aimed to characterize the oral microbiome of a sample representing T2DM patients from Portugal and exploit potential associations between some microorganisms and variables like teeth brushing, smoking habits, and nutrient intake. By sequencing the hypervariable regions V3-V4 of the 16S rRNA gene in 50 individuals belonging to a group of diabetes patients and a control group, we found a total of 233 taxa, from which only 65% were shared between both groups. No differences were found in terms of alpha and beta diversity between groups or habits categories. Also, there were no significant differences in the oral microbiome profiles of control and diabetes patients. Only the class Synergistia and the genus TG5, which are related to periodontitis, were statistically more frequent in the control group. This finding can be justified by the fact that these diabetic patients usually have their oral health under close medical control than an average healthy person, which in this study was represented by the control group.IMPORTANCEDiabetes has become a significant global health care issue as its incidence continues to increase exponentially, with type 2 diabetes being responsible for more than 90% of these cases. Portugal is one of the countries with a higher prevalence of diabetes in Europe. It has been reported that diabetic people have an increased risk of developing several health problems such as oral infections mostly caused by opportunistic pathogens. Some studies have pointed out a relationship between diabetes and oral microbiome. Therefore, the characterization of the microbial ecosystem of the mouth in reference groups is crucial to provide information to tackle oral health pathogen-borne conditions. In this study, we provide the first characterization of the oral microbiome of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients from Portugal, and therefore, contributing new data and knowledge to elucidate the relationship between diabetes and the oral microbiome.

scholarly journals Data on vildagliptin and vildagliptin plus metformin combination in type-2 diabetes mellitus management

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-423
Author(s):  
Sambit Das ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Global Evaluation ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Hba1c Levels

It is of interest to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of vildagliptin as monotherapy and combination therapy of vildagliptin and metformin for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Indian settings. The study included patients with T2DM (aged >18 years) receiving vildagliptin monotherapy and vildagliptin in combination with metformin therapy of various strengths. Data related to demographics, risk factors, medical history, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, and medical therapies were retrieved from medical records. Out of 9678 patients (median age, 52.0 years), 59.1% were men. A combination of vildagliptin and metformin (50/500 mg) was the most commonly used therapy (54.8%), and the median duration of therapy was 24.0 months. The predominant reason for selecting vildagliptin therapy was to improve HbA1c levels (87.8%). A total of 87.5% of patients required dosage up-titration. Vildagliptin therapy was used in patients with T2DM and associated complications (peripheral neuropathy, CAD, nephropathy, retinopathy, autonomous neuropathy, stroke/TIA, and peripheral artery disease). Among 5175 patients who experienced body weight changes, a majority of patients had lost weight (68.6%). The target glycemic control was achieved in 95.3% of patients. The mean HbA1c levels were significantly decreased post-treatment (mean change: 1.34%; p<0.001). Adverse events were reported in 0.4% of patients. Physicians rated the majority of patients as good to excellent on the global evaluation of efficacy and tolerability scale (98.9%, each). Vildagliptin with or without metformin was an effective therapy in reducing HbA1c helps in achieving target glycemic control, and was well-tolerated in Indian patients with T2DM continuum.

scholarly journals Utility of Triglyceride-Glucose index in predicting glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1444-1448
Author(s):  
Santosh Timalsina ◽  
Shishir Mahato ◽  
Sandesh Nepal
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Poor Glycemic Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tyg Index

Introduction: Insulin resistance (IR) and glycemic control are two very important aspects to be considered during management of patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index has been proposed as a simple and inexpensive parameter that correlates well with IR and glycemic control. Objectives: To explore the association of TyG index (and other TyG derived indices) with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and evaluate their predictive ability for glycemic control in patients with T2DM. Methodology: This cross-sectional study comprised of 160 adult patients diagnosed with T2DM visiting the medical outpatient department of Chitwan Medical College, Bharatpur, Chitwan between July–December 2019. Socio-demographic data and anthropometric measurements were collected. Glycemic control was assessed by HbA1c. TyG index was calculated by the formula: ln [fasting TG (mg/dl) x fasting glucose (mg/dl)/2]. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to analyze the predictive ability of TyG-index for poor glycemic control. Results: One hundred and sixty patients (mean age: 53.6 ± 10.7 years, 55.0% males) were included in the study. Eighty (50.0%) had good glycemic control (HbA1c <7.0%). TyG index, along with TyG-BMI and TyG-WC (other TyG derived indices) were significantly increased in the poor glycemic control group. TyG index had a good predictive ability for poor glycemic control (AUC: 0.803, 95% CI: 0.731 – 0.874). A TyG cutoff ≥ 9.12 was optimal for predicting poor glycemic control, with 86.1% sensitivity and 61.5% specificity. Conclusion: TyG index could be a simple and cost-effective screening tool for assessment of glycemic control in patients with T2DM.

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