Faculty Opinions recommendation of Canonical Wnt signals are essential for homeostasis of the intestinal epithelium.

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeri Vasioukhin
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Canonical Wnt

scholarly journals c-Myc Is Required for the Formation of Intestinal Crypts but Dispensable for Homeostasis of the Adult Intestinal Epithelium

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (17) ◽  
pp. 7868-7878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Bettess ◽  
Nicole Dubois ◽  
Mark J. Murphy ◽  
Christelle Dubey ◽  
Catherine Roger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Normal Numbers ◽  
Normal Epithelium ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Canonical Wnt

ABSTRACT In self-renewing tissues such as the skin epidermis and the bone marrow, Myc proteins control differentiation of stem cells and proliferation of progenitor cell types. In the epithelium of the small intestine, we show that c-Myc and N-Myc are expressed in a differential manner. Whereas c-Myc is expressed in the proliferating transient-amplifying compartment of the crypts, N-Myc is restricted to the differentiated villus epithelium and a single cell located near the crypt base. c-Myc has been implicated as a critical target of the canonical Wnt pathway, which is essential for formation and maintenance of the intestinal mucosa. To genetically assess the role of c-Myc during development and homeostasis of the mammalian intestine we induced deletion of the c-myc flox allele in the villi and intestinal stem cell-bearing crypts of juvenile and adult mice, via tamoxifen-induced activation of the CreERT2 recombinase, driven by the villin promoter. Absence of c-Myc activity in the juvenile mucosa at the onset of crypt morphogenesis leads to a failure to form normal numbers of crypts in the small intestine. However, all mice recover from this insult to form and maintain a normal epithelium in the absence of c-Myc activity and without apparent compensation by N-Myc or L-Myc. This study provides genetic and molecular evidence that proliferation and expansion of progenitors necessary to maintain the adult intestinal epithelium can unexpectedly occur in a Myc-independent manner.

scholarly journals Phases of Canonical Wnt Signaling During the Development of Mouse Intestinal Epithelium

2007 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 529-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byeong–Moo Kim ◽  
Junhao Mao ◽  
Makoto M. Taketo ◽  
Ramesh A. Shivdasani
Keyword(s):  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Canonical Wnt Signaling ◽  
Canonical Wnt

scholarly journals Non-canonical Wnt signaling promotes directed migration of intestinal stem cells to sites of injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Jun-Kit Hu ◽  
Jina Yun ◽  
Justin Elstrott ◽  
Heinrich Jasper
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Migration ◽  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Enteroendocrine Cells ◽  
Intestinal Stem Cells ◽  
Canonical Wnt Signaling ◽  
Stem Cell Migration ◽  
Canonical Wnt

AbstractTissue regeneration after injury requires coordinated regulation of stem cell activation, division, and daughter cell differentiation, processes that are increasingly well understood in many regenerating tissues. How accurate stem cell positioning and localized integration of new cells into the damaged epithelium are achieved, however, remains unclear. Here, we show that enteroendocrine cells coordinate stem cell migration towards a wound in the Drosophila intestinal epithelium. In response to injury, enteroendocrine cells release the N-terminal domain of the PTK7 orthologue, Otk, which activates non-canonical Wnt signaling in intestinal stem cells, promoting actin-based protrusion formation and stem cell migration towards a wound. We find that this migratory behavior is closely linked to proliferation, and that it is required for efficient tissue repair during injury. Our findings highlight the role of non-canonical Wnt signaling in regeneration of the intestinal epithelium, and identify enteroendocrine cell-released ligands as critical coordinators of intestinal stem cell migration.

scholarly journals Non-canonical Wnt signaling promotes directed migration of intestinal stem cells to sites of injury.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinrich Jasper ◽  
Daniel Jun-Kit Hu ◽  
Jina Yun ◽  
Justin Elstrott
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Intestinal Stem Cells ◽  
Canonical Wnt Signaling ◽  
Stem Cell Migration ◽  
Cell Positioning ◽  
Canonical Wnt

Tissue regeneration after injury requires coordinated regulation of stem cell activation, division, and daughter cell differentiation, processes that are increasingly well understood in many regenerating tissues. How accurate stem cell positioning and localized integration of new cells into the damaged epithelium are achieved, however, remains unclear. Here we show that enteroendocrine cells coordinate stem cell migration towards a wound in the Drosophila intestinal epithelium. In response to injury, EEs release the N-terminal domain of the PTK7 orthologue, Otk, which activates non-canonical Wnt signaling in ISCs, promoting actin-based protrusion formation and ISC migration towards a wound. We find that this migratory behavior is closely linked to ISC proliferation, and that it is required for efficient tissue repair during injury. Our findings highlight the role of non-canonical Wnt signaling in regeneration of the intestinal epithelium, and identify EE-released ligands as critical coordinators of ISC migration.

Further Observations on the Virus of Epizootic Diarrhea of Infant Mice. An Electron Microscopic Study

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 110-111
Author(s):  
W. G. Banfield ◽  
G. Kasnic ◽  
J. H. Blackwell
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Infected Cell ◽  
Microscopic Study ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Infected Cells

An ultrastructural study of the intestinal epithelium of mice infected with the agent of epizootic diarrhea of infant mice (EDIM virus) was first performed by Adams and Kraft. We have extended their observations and have found developmental forms of the virus and associated structures not reported by them.Three-day-old NLM strain mice were infected with EDIM virus and killed 48 to 168 hours later. Specimens of bowel were fixed in glutaraldehyde, post fixed in osmium tetroxide and embedded in epon. Sections were stained with uranyl magnesium acetate followed by lead citrate and examined in an updated RCA EMU-3F electron microscope.The cells containing virus particles (infected) are at the tips of the villi and occur throughout the intestine from duodenum through colon. All developmental forms of the virus are present from 48 to 168 hours after infection. Figure 1 is of cells without virus particles and figure 2 is of an infected cell. The nucleus and cytoplasm of the infected cells appear clearer than the cells without virus particles.

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