Faculty Opinions recommendation of The antioxidant defense system Keap1-Nrf2 comprises a multiple sensing mechanism for responding to a wide range of chemical compounds.

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Sensing Mechanism ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Multiple Sensing

scholarly journals The Antioxidant Defense System Keap1-Nrf2 Comprises a Multiple Sensing Mechanism for Responding to a Wide Range of Chemical Compounds

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 493-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Kobayashi ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Noriko Iwamoto ◽  
Yaeko Nakajima-Takagi ◽  
Hiroshi Kaneko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Sensing Mechanism ◽  
Defense Systems ◽  
Nrf2 Activation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Diverse Environment ◽  
Cytoprotective Enzymes ◽  
Multiple Sensing

ABSTRACT Animals have evolved defense systems for surviving in a chemically diverse environment. Such systems should demonstrate plasticity, such as adaptive immunity, enabling a response to even unknown chemicals. The antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2 is activated in response to various electrophiles and induces cytoprotective enzymes that detoxify them. We report here the discovery of a multiple sensing mechanism for Nrf2 activation using zebrafish and 11 Nrf2-activating compounds. First, we showed that six of the compounds tested specifically target Cys-151 in Keap1, the ubiquitin ligase for Nrf2, while two compounds target Cys-273. Second, in addition to Nrf2 and Keap1, a third factor was deemed necessary for responding to three of the compounds. Finally, we isolated a zebrafish mutant defective in its response to seven compounds but not in response to the remaining four. These results led us to categorize Nrf2 activators into six classes and hypothesize that multiple sensing allows enhanced plasticity in the system.

scholarly journals Enzymatic Regulation of Drought and Heat Stresses in Maize (Zea mays L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 904 (1) ◽  
pp. 012058
Author(s):  
M H Shenawa ◽  
A O Alfalahi
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Cell Content ◽  
Enzymatic Regulation ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Unfavorable environmental conditions, whether towards increase or decrease direction, are a general feature of our planet ecosystem. Stress conditions fall into two categories, biotic including insects and diseases and abiotic including drought, salts, temperature, etc. Drought is described the most limiting factor that determine crop productivity, and under certain condition drought damages cannot be avoided. Plant have evolved a wide range of mechanisms to cope with extreme environmental conditions. However, most of these strategies depend partially or completely on antioxidant defense system through which plants can control the cell content of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS). There should be more attention to climate change, not only by developing tolerant species, but also to natural disasters that can be devastating, as happening nowadays.

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