Faculty Opinions recommendation of Critical care services and 2009 H1N1 influenza in Australia and New Zealand.

Author(s):  
Cynthia Farquhar
2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Turgut Teke ◽  
Ramazan Coskun ◽  
Murat Sungur ◽  
Muhammed Guven ◽  
Taha T Bekci ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Gerry F. Killeen

Countries with ambitious strategies to crush the curve of their epidemic trajectories, to promptly eliminate SARS-CoV-2 transmission at national level, include China, Korea, Japan, Taiwan, New Zealand and Australia. In stark contrast, many of the European countries hit hardest over the last two months, including Italy, Spain, France, Ireland and the United Kingdom, currently appear content to merely flatten the curve of their epidemic trajectories so that transmission persists at rates their critical care services can cope with. Here is presented a simple set of arithmetic modelling analyses that explain why preferable crush the curve strategies, to eliminate transmission within months, would require only a modest amount of additional containment effort when compared to flatten the curve strategies that allow epidemics to persist at a steady, supposedly manageable level for years, decades or even indefinitely.


2012 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 1400-1410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald M. Carter ◽  
Chalise E. Bloom ◽  
Eduardo J. M. Nascimento ◽  
Ernesto T. A. Marques ◽  
Jodi K. Craigo ◽  
...  

ABSTRACTIndividuals <60 years of age had the lowest incidence of infection, with ∼25% of these people having preexisting, cross-reactive antibodies to novel 2009 H1N1 influenza. Many people >60 years old also had preexisting antibodies to novel H1N1. These observations are puzzling because the seasonal H1N1 viruses circulating during the last 60 years were not antigenically similar to novel H1N1. We therefore hypothesized that a sequence of exposures to antigenically different seasonal H1N1 viruses can elicit an antibody response that protects against novel 2009 H1N1. Ferrets were preinfected with seasonal H1N1 viruses and assessed for cross-reactive antibodies to novel H1N1. Serum from infected ferrets was assayed for cross-reactivity to both seasonal and novel 2009 H1N1 strains. These results were compared to those of ferrets that were sequentially infected with H1N1 viruses isolated prior to 1957 or more-recently isolated viruses. Following seroconversion, ferrets were challenged with novel H1N1 influenza virus and assessed for viral titers in the nasal wash, morbidity, and mortality. There was no hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) cross-reactivity in ferrets infected with any single seasonal H1N1 influenza viruses, with limited protection to challenge. However, sequential H1N1 influenza infections reduced the incidence of disease and elicited cross-reactive antibodies to novel H1N1 isolates. The amount and duration of virus shedding and the frequency of transmission following novel H1N1 challenge were reduced. Exposure to multiple seasonal H1N1 influenza viruses, and not to any single H1N1 influenza virus, elicits a breadth of antibodies that neutralize novel H1N1 even though the host was never exposed to the novel H1N1 influenza viruses.


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