scholarly journals A simple arithmetic rationale for crushing the epidemic curve of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) instead of flattening it

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerry F. Killeen
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
National Level ◽  
Simple Arithmetic ◽  
Epidemic Curve ◽  
Care Services ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Simple Set ◽  
Manageable Level

Countries with ambitious strategies to crush the curve of their epidemic trajectories, to promptly eliminate SARS-CoV-2 transmission at national level, include China, Korea, Japan, Taiwan, New Zealand and Australia. In stark contrast, many of the European countries hit hardest over the last two months, including Italy, Spain, France, Ireland and the United Kingdom, currently appear content to merely flatten the curve of their epidemic trajectories so that transmission persists at rates their critical care services can cope with. Here is presented a simple set of arithmetic modelling analyses that explain why preferable crush the curve strategies, to eliminate transmission within months, would require only a modest amount of additional containment effort when compared to flatten the curve strategies that allow epidemics to persist at a steady, supposedly manageable level for years, decades or even indefinitely.

scholarly journals Healthcare Systems Strengthening in Smaller Cities in Bangladesh: Geospatial Insights From the Municipality of Dinajpur

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117863292095158
Author(s):  
Shaikh Mehdi Hasan ◽  
Kyle Gantuangco Borces ◽  
Dipika Shankar Bhattacharyya ◽  
Shakil Ahmed ◽  
Azam Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Critical Care ◽  
Quantitative Study ◽  
National Level ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Health Goals ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Municipal Level

Throughout South Asia a proliferation of cities and middle-sized towns is occurring. While larger cities tend to receive greater attention in terms national level investments, opportunities for healthy urban development abound in smaller cities, and at a moment where positive trajectories can be established. In Bangladesh, municipalities are growing in size and tripled in number especially district capitals. However, little is known about the configuration of health services to hold these systems accountable to public health goals of equity, quality, and affordability. This descriptive quantitative study uses data from a GIS-based census and survey of health facilities to identify gaps and inequities in services that need to be addressed. Findings reveal a massive private sector and a worrisome lack of primary and some critical care services. The study also reveals the value of engaging municipal-level decision makers in mapping activities and analyses to enable responsive and efficient healthcare planning.

scholarly journals Postoperative critical care and high-acuity care provision in the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 460-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danny Jon Nian Wong ◽  
Scott Popham ◽  
Andrew Marshall Wilson ◽  
Lisa M. Barneto ◽  
Helen A. Lindsay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Care Provision ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
High Acuity

Constitutional Design and Australian Exceptionalism in the Adoption of National Bills of Rights

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 767-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Stone ◽  
Nicholas Barry
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
National Level ◽  
Bill Of Rights ◽  
Constitutional Design ◽  
Dialogue Model ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Difference

AbstractWhy has Australia not followed Canada, New Zealand and the United Kingdom in adopting a formal bill of rights at the national level? We argue that the Australian Constitution has made the difference. The Constitution has underpinned a comparatively strong parliamentary check on the executive, weakening the rationale for a bill of rights and impeding legislative initiatives towards this end; thwarted the drive for a constitutional bill of rights; and helped delegitimize statutory approaches to a bill of rights in general and the “dialogue model” in particular. The article ultimately questions the notion that a common approach to rights protection can apply across Westminster democracies.

scholarly journals Command, control and communication (C3) during the COVID-19 pandemic; adapting a military framework to crisis response in a tertiary UK critical care centre

2021 ◽  
pp. 175114372098219
Author(s):  
SD Hutchings ◽  
J Perry ◽  
A Mills ◽  
F Bartley ◽  
M Bartley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
Crisis Response ◽  
Major Incident ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Leadership And Management ◽  
Care Services ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
King's College ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Military

The COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 imposed significant strain on critical care services worldwide. The South London region experienced the largest numbers of critical care admissions in the United Kingdom with King’s College Hospital one of the busiest centres. This article outlines, using a descriptive narrative, the significant changes that occurred within King’s Critical Care as a result of the pandemic and the decisions that were taken to provide effective co-ordination and control to the expanded service, in part drawing on the military experience of two of the authors. The wider context of crisis and major incident leadership and management is also discussed contrasting different approaches used in civilian and military settings.

Effectiveness of Programs for the Prevention of Child Sexual Abuse

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaia Del Campo ◽  
Marisalva Fávero
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sexual Abuse Prevention ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Methodological Considerations

Abstract. During the last decades, several studies have been conducted on the effectiveness of sexual abuse prevention programs implemented in different countries. In this article, we present a review of 70 studies (1981–2017) evaluating prevention programs, conducted mostly in the United States and Canada, although with a considerable presence also in other countries, such as New Zealand and the United Kingdom. The results of these studies, in general, are very promising and encourage us to continue this type of intervention, almost unanimously confirming its effectiveness. Prevention programs encourage children and adolescents to report the abuse experienced and they may help to reduce the trauma of sexual abuse if there are victims among the participants. We also found that some evaluations have not considered the possible negative effects of this type of programs in the event that they are applied inappropriately. Finally, we present some methodological considerations as critical analysis to this type of evaluations.

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