Faculty Opinions recommendation of Experience-dependent plasticity of mature adult-born neurons.

Synapses in the cerebral cortex constantly change and this dynamic property regulated by the action of neuromodulators such as dopamine (DA), is essential for reward learning and memory. DA modulates spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP), a cellular model of learning and memory, in juvenile rodent cortical neurons. However, it is unknown whether this neuromodulation also occurs at excitatory synapses of cortical neurons in mature adult mice or in humans. Cortical layer V pyramidal neurons were recorded with whole cell patch clamp electrophysiology and an extracellular stimulating electrode was used to induce STDP. DA was either bath-applied or optogenetically released in slices from mice. Classical STDP induction protocols triggered non-hebbian excitatory synaptic depression in the mouse or no plasticity at human cortical synapses. DA reverted long term synaptic depression to baseline in mouse via dopamine 2 type receptors or elicited long term synaptic potentiation in human cortical synapses. Furthermore, when DA was applied during an STDP protocol it depressed presynaptic inhibition in the mouse but not in the human cortex. Thus, DA modulates excitatory synaptic plasticity differently in human vs. mouse cortex. The data strengthens the importance of DA in gating cognition in humans, and may inform on therapeutic interventions to recover brain function from diseases.

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Dopaminergic neuromodulation of spike timing dependent plasticity in mature adult rodent and human cortical neurons

10.1101/2020.05.15.098400 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Emma Louise Louth ◽

Rasmus Langelund Jørgensen ◽

Anders Rosendal Korshøj ◽

Jens Christian Hedemann Sørensen ◽

Marco Capogna

Keyword(s):

Learning And Memory ◽

Cortical Neurons ◽

Synaptic Depression ◽

Spike Timing ◽

Therapeutic Interventions ◽

Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity ◽

Mature Adult ◽

Dependent Plasticity ◽

Cortical Synapses

AbstractSynapses in the cerebral cortex constantly change and this dynamic property regulated by the action of neuromodulators such as dopamine (DA), is essential for reward learning and memory. DA modulates spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP), a cellular model of learning and memory, in juvenile rodent cortical neurons. However, it is unknown whether this neuromodulation also occurs at excitatory synapses of cortical neurons in mature adult mice or in humans. Cortical layer V pyramidal neurons were recorded with whole cell patch clamp electrophysiology and an extracellular stimulating electrode was used to induce STDP. DA was either bath-applied or optogenetically released in slices from mice. Classical STDP induction protocols triggered non-Hebbian excitatory synaptic depression in the mouse or no plasticity at human cortical synapses. DA reverted long term synaptic depression to baseline in mouse or elicited long term synaptic potentiation in human cortical synapses. Furthermore, when DA was applied during a STDP protocol it depressed presynaptic inhibition in the mouse but not in the human cortex. Thus, DA modulates excitatory synaptic plasticity differently in human versus mouse cortex. The data strengthens the importance of DA in gating cognition in humans, and may inform on therapeutic interventions to recover brain function from diseases.

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Unique Functional Properties of Mature Adult-Born Neurons in the Mouse Olfactory Bulb

Stem Cell Reports ◽

10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.10.010 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 1333-1346

Author(s):

Natalie Fomin-Thunemann ◽

Yury Kovalchuk ◽

Stefan Fink ◽

Astrid Alsema ◽

Nima Mojtahedi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Olfactory Bulb ◽

Functional Properties ◽

Mature Adult ◽

Adult Born Neurons

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Caspases and apoptosis

Essays in Biochemistry ◽

10.1042/bse0380009 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 38 ◽

pp. 9-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 121

Author(s):

Guy S Salvesen

Keyword(s):

Cysteine Proteases ◽

Signalling Pathways ◽

Term Survival ◽

Mature Adult ◽

Intracellular Signalling Pathways ◽

Adult Cell ◽

Caspase Family ◽

Cell Fragments ◽

Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

The ability of metazoan cells to undergo programmed cell death is vital to both the precise development and long-term survival of the mature adult. Cell deaths that result from engagement of this programme end in apoptosis, the ordered dismantling of the cell that results in its 'silent' demise, in which packaged cell fragments are removed by phagocytosis. This co-ordinated demise is mediated by members of a family of cysteine proteases known as caspases, whose activation follows characteristic apoptotic stimuli, and whose substrates include many proteins, the limited cleavage of which causes the characteristic morphology of apoptosis. In vertebrates, a subset of caspases has evolved to participate in the activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and thus members of the caspase family participate in one of two very distinct intracellular signalling pathways.

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Rehabilitation of Attention

Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie ◽

10.1024/1016-264x.14.3.165 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 165-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ian H. Robertson

Keyword(s):

Brain Damage ◽

Dependent Plasticity ◽

Attention Systems ◽

The Brain

Abstract: In this paper, evidence is reviewed for separable attention systems in the brain, and it is argued a) that attention may have a privileged role in mediating experience dependent plasticity in the brain and b) that at least some types of attention may be capable of rehabilitation following brain damage.

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Spike timing-dependent plasticity in sparse recurrent neural networks

IEICE Proceeding Series ◽

10.15248/proc.1.485 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 485-488

Author(s):

Hideyuki Kato ◽

Tohru Ikeguchi

Keyword(s):

Neural Networks ◽

Recurrent Neural Networks ◽

Spike Timing ◽

Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity ◽

Dependent Plasticity

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Cytological and Histological Study of Adult and Neonate Epidermis in Thick and Thin Skin of Various Anatomical Sites

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance ◽

10.25258/ijpqa.v9i2.13642 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hydar Muhsin Khalfa ◽

Adnan Albideri ◽

Haider Salih Jaffat

Keyword(s):

Histological Study ◽

Single Layer ◽

Sweat Glands ◽

Anatomical Site ◽

Basal Cells ◽

Histological Changes ◽

Mature Adult ◽

Skin Development ◽

Stage Of Development ◽

Thin Skin

The integumentary system covers the surface of the embryo (skin) and its specialized skin structures including hair, nails, sweat glands, mammary glands and teeth. During fetal skin development, the epidermis changes from a single layer of ectodermal cells at 7–8 days of gestation into a more apparent stratified, keratinized epithelium at 22–24 weeks. The aim of the study is to identify the histological and cytological changes that take place during neonatal and adult epidermis development. Human neonatal and adult samples were obtained from fully informed, consenting parent or releatives from Al-hilla mortary / Iraq. Neonatal samples were obtained from neonates after sudden deaths from maternity wards. Anatomical Sites included abdomen, forehead, back, shoulder and feet sole. A totoal of 15 neonates and 10 mature adults were used for this study. Fresh tissues were sectioned using a freezing cryostat. Tissues were sectioned at 5µm in -24°C and collected on microscopic slides. Slides were allowed to air dry for 30 min prior to hematoxyline and eosin staining. Tissues were also photographed using scanning electron microscopy SEM. Cytological measurements were taken using image j software and data was analysed using graph prism. Various cytological and histological changes takes place during neonatal and adult and epidermis development. Our study shows the stages of fair follicule formation as well as number of nucleated layers present at each stage of development and at different anatomical sites. Major histological changes takes places during the transition frm a neonate to a mature adult including the number of basal cells and epidermal thickness depending on the anatomical site.

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