Faculty Opinions recommendation of Natural killer cell activation enhances immune pathology and promotes chronic infection by limiting CD8+ T-cell immunity.

AbstractTfh initiates four eradicable immunities. Tfh includes FDC, LTi, IL21 CD4 T cell, and IgG/M B cell. Treg initiates four tolerable immunities. Treg includes DCreg, ILCreg, TGFβ CD4 T cell, and IgA B cell. TH1/TH1-like is immunity for intracellular bacteria/protozoa and type 4 delayed type hypersensitivity. TH1 includes M1 macrophage, mDC2, Tc1 CD8 T cell, IFNg CD4 T cell, ILC1, iNKT1, and IgG3 B cell. TH1-like includes M2 macrophage, ILC1, suppressive CD8 T cell, IFNg/TGFβ CD4 T cell, regulatory iNKT cells, and IgA1 B cell. TH2/TH9 is immunity for helminths and type1 IgE mediated hypersensitivity. TH2 includes iEOS eosinophil, Langerhans cell, basophil/MCt mast cell, IL-4 CD4 T cell, ILC2, iNKT2, and IgE/IgG4 B cell. TH9 includes rEOS eosinophil, basophils/mast cell MCct, IL-9 CD4 T cell, ILC2, regulatory iNKT cells, and IgA2 B cell. TH22/TH17 is immunity for extracellular bacteria/fungi and type 3 immune complex hypersensitivity. TH22 includes N1 neutrophils, mDC1, IL-22 CD4 T cell, ILC3(NCR+), iNKT17, and IgG2 B cell. TH17 includes N2 neutrophils, IL-17 CD4 T cell, regulatory iNKT cells, ILC3(NCR−), and IgA2 B cell. THαβ/TH3 is immunity for viruses and type 2 antibody dependent cytotoxic hypersensitivity. THαβ includes NK1 natural killer cell, pDC, Tc2 CD8 T cell, IL10 CD4 T cell, ILC10, iNKT10, and IgG1 B cell. TH3 includes NK2 natural killer cell, suppressive CD8 T cell, ILC10, IL-10/TGFβ CD4 T cell, regulatory iNKT cells, and IgA1 B cell.Summary sentenceThe summarized framework of host immunities to explain their relations to specific pathogens and hypersensitivities

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SARS-CoV-2 genome-wide mapping of CD8 T cell recognition reveals strong immunodominance and substantial CD8 T cell activation in COVID-19 patients

10.1101/2020.10.19.344911 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sunil Kumar Saini ◽

Ditte Stampe Hersby ◽

Tripti Tamhane ◽

Helle Rus Povlsen ◽

Susana Patricia Amaya Hernandez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

T Cell Activation ◽

Cell Activation ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Protein A ◽

Cd8 T Cell ◽

T Cell Immunity ◽

T Cell Epitopes ◽

High Exposure ◽

Cell Immunity

SummaryTo understand the CD8+ T cell immunity related to viral protection and disease severity in COVID-19, we evaluated the complete SARS-CoV-2 genome (3141 MHC-I binding peptides) to identify immunogenic T cell epitopes, and determine the level of CD8+ T cell involvement using DNA-barcoded peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) multimers. COVID-19 patients showed strong T cell responses, with up to 25% of all CD8+ lymphocytes specific to SARS-CoV-2-derived immunodominant epitopes, derived from ORF1 (open reading frame 1), ORF3, and Nucleocapsid (N) protein. A strong signature of T cell activation was observed in COVID-19 patients, while no T cell activation was seen in the ‘non-exposed’ and ‘high exposure risk’ healthy donors. Interestingly, patients with severe disease displayed the largest T cell populations with a strong activation profile. These results will have important implications for understanding the T cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and how T cell immunity might influence disease development.

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