Faculty Opinions recommendation of Pooled results from 5 validation studies of dietary self-report instruments using recovery biomarkers for potassium and sodium intake.

Author(s):  
Pagona Lagiou
2015 ◽  
Vol 181 (7) ◽  
pp. 473-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. Freedman ◽  
J. M. Commins ◽  
J. E. Moler ◽  
W. Willett ◽  
L. F. Tinker ◽  
...  

BMJ Open ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. e052175
Author(s):  
Yee Chang Soh ◽  
Kwong Hsia Yap ◽  
Andrea McGrattan ◽  
Shajahan Yasin ◽  
Daniel Reidpath ◽  
...  

IntroductionAccurate sodium intake estimates in adults with elevated blood pressure are essential for monitoring salt reduction progress and preventing cardiovascular diseases. However, sodium assessments are challenging in this high-risk population because many commonly used antihypertensive drugs alter urinary sodium excretion. Despite the high cost and substantial participant burden of gold-standard 24-hour urine collection, the relative performance of existing spot-urine based equations and dietary self-report instruments have not been well studied in this population, who will benefit from salt restriction. This systematic review aims to describe the current methods of assessing dietary sodium intake in adults with elevated blood pressure and determine what method can provide a valid and accurate estimate of sodium intake compared with the gold standard 24-hour urine collection.Methods and analysisStudies assessing sodium intake in adults aged 18 years and above with reported elevated blood pressure will be included. Five electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Global Health, WoS and Cochrane CENTRAL) will be systematically searched from inception to March 2021. Also, a manual search of bibliographies and grey literature will be conducted. Two reviewers will screen the records independently for eligibility. One reviewer will extract all data, and two others will review the extracted data for accuracy. The methodological quality of included studies will be evaluated based on three scoring systems: (1) National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute for interventional studies; (2) Biomarker-based Cross-sectional Studies for biomarker-based observational studies and (3) European Micronutrient Recommendation Aligned Network of Excellence for validation studies of dietary self-report instruments.Ethics and disseminationAs the proposed systematic review will collect and analyse secondary data associated with individuals, there will be no ethical approval requirement. Findings will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal or presented at a conference.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020176137.


1985 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 303-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Stoudenmire ◽  
Debra Batman ◽  
Michael Pavlov ◽  
Al Temple

A Holistic Living Inventory which yields scores on four dimensions of holistic living, physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual functioning, is described. The inventory has 20 self-report items for each dimension. It can be used with adults and suggests optimal functioning in each area. Validation studies for each dimension are described.


2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-518
Author(s):  
Deák Anita

Affektív idegtudományi személyiségskálák (ANPS) Áttekintő tanulmányunkban a személyiségvonások érzelmi alapjaival foglalkozunk affektív idegtudományi megközelítésben. Összefoglaljuk azokat a kutatási eredményeket, amelyek a kéreg alatti agyi struktúrákhoz köthető elsődleges érzelmi rendszerek mérésével kapcsolatban születtek. Az Affektív idegtudományi személyiség skálák (Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales – ANPS) hat (+1) érzelmi vonás mérésére szolgálnak (FÉLELEM , HARAG, SZOMORÚSÁG, JÁTÉKOSSÁG, KERESÉS, GONDOSKODÁS, Spiritualitás). Módszer: Tanulmányunk alapját 65, 2003–2019 között publikált empirikus kutatás adja. Ezek mind-egyikében adatgyűjtés történt az ANPS kérdőívvel. A forrásokat négy csoportra osztottuk: validálási tanulmányok, biológiai markerekre hivatkozó tanulmányok, klinikai jellegű cikkek és egyéb, a széles körű alkalmazhatóságot igazoló publikációk. Jelen tanulmányban a validálással kapcsolatos kutatásokat összegezzük az időbeli stabilitás és a faktorszerkezet tekintetében, majd összegzést végzünk a megbízhatósággal, a nemi különbségekkel és az ANPS skálák együtt járásával kapcsolatosan. Eredmények: Az ANPS által mért konstruktumok időben stabilak, azaz a skálák vonásokat mérnek, nem helyzetfüggő érzelmi állapotokat. A hat érzelmi rendszer két fő faktorba rendeződik (pozitív és negatív), ahol a negatív érzelmi vonások nagyobb magyarázóerővel bírnak, mint a pozitívak. A hat (+1) skála megbízhatónak mondható (Cronbach alfa > 0,7). Az eredmények alapján a nők magasabb pontszámot érnek el a GONDOSKODÁS, FÉLELEM, SZOMORÚSÁG skálákon, míg a férfi ak a JÁTÉKOSSÁG, KERESÉS, HARAG skálákon. A Spiritualitás skálán nincs nemi különbség. A skálák között szisztematikus együtt járások tárhatók fel. Következtetések: Az ANPS megbízhatóan méri a személyiségünk alapjait alkotó, kéreg alatti agyterületekhez köthető érzelmi vonásokat, gazdagítva ezzel a személyiség idegtudományi megközelítésének (Personality Neuroscience) módszertanát. Az agyi képalkotó eljárásokkal együtt alkalmazva nemcsak ezen a területen nyithat új távlatokat, hanem a klinikai pszichológiában és a kulturális összehasonlító vizsgálatok terén is. Introduction: In this review we focus on emotional basics of personality traits from affective neuroscience perspective. We summarize empirical studies using the Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales (ANPS) that was developed for measuring six (+1) primary emotional systems located in subcortical brain areas (FEAR, ANGER, SADNESS, PLAYFULNESS, SEEK, CARE, Spirituality). Methods: We selected 65 empirical studies published between 2003 and 2019 where ANPS questionnaire was used. We divided the studies into four clusters: validation studies, studies with biological markers, clinical studies and others demonstrating different application of the ANPS. In this review we summarized the validation studies in regard to the test-retest reliability, factor structure of the ANPS, then we conducted statistical analysis on 39 datasets for reliability, on 25 datasets for sex differences and inter-scale correlations (33 and 45 datasets). Results: Based on the test-retest analysis ANPS constructs measure emotional traits, not context-dependent affects. The six primary emotions form two main factors (positive and negative emotions), and the negative emotions have greater explanation power than positive emotions. The six (+1) scales are reliable (Cronbach alphas > 0,7). Results show that women have higher scores on CARE, FEAR and SADNESS, while men’s scores are higher on PLAYFULNESS, SEEK and ANGER. No sex difference appeared on Spirituality scale. However, systematic inter-scale correlations were found. Conclusions: The ANPS questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool for measuring primary emotions that are located in the subcortical brain areas and are the building blocks of personality traits. It is a self-report measure of the recently developing fi eld of personality neuroscience. As a self-report instrument of brain imaging studies it can open new perspectives not only in neuroscience, but in clinical psychology and in cross-cultural studies.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Rodriguez ◽  
V. Garcia-Hansen

Although daylight changes seen through windows are likely to mediate positive responses in occupants, there are no specialized instruments capturing responses to dynamic attributes in views. This study mapped self-report instruments that could be readily adjusted to measure subjective responses to dynamic views. Through a revision of the literature, 55 papers in view assessment were clustered as a function of prevalent label types and constructs used to investigate responses to static outdoor views. Feature-type was the prevalent label distinction to investigate responses to window views, whilst preference and restoration were the predominant constructs in view out research. Four instruments were deemed appropriate to capture responses to dynamic attributes in views with respect to restoration, provided that semantic adaptations and further validations are set in place. This study highlights the need for more validation studies to increase the robustness of self-report instruments and outlines a theoretical approach to achieve this scope.


2017 ◽  
Vol 186 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence S. Freedman ◽  
John M. Commins ◽  
Walter Willett ◽  
Lesley F. Tinker ◽  
Donna Spiegelman ◽  
...  

2014 ◽  
Vol 180 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence S. Freedman ◽  
John M. Commins ◽  
James E. Moler ◽  
Lenore Arab ◽  
David J. Baer ◽  
...  

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 187-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Lane

The assessment of an athlete's mental strengths and weaknesses can be a key role for a sport psychologist. Sport psychologists work with athletes for a number of different reasons one of which is to try to improve performance by helping an athlete prepare mentally. The present article examines considerations when measuring athletes' mental states. Self-report is the commonly used method but is limited by its subjective nature. Individuals might be genuinely unclear on how they are feeling, and consequently can only provide an estimate. Test interpreters should be cognisant of the inherent subjectivity in completed self-report measures. Test developers however attempt to reduce error measurement through the use of rigorous validation studies that require large samples and analyse data using theory-led methods.


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