scholarly journals Elsődleges érzelmek mérése affektív idegtudományi megközelítésben: módszertani áttekintés

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-518
Author(s):  
Deák Anita
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Validation Studies ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Affective Neuroscience ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Reliability Factor ◽  
Subcortical Brain ◽  
Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales

Affektív idegtudományi személyiségskálák (ANPS) Áttekintő tanulmányunkban a személyiségvonások érzelmi alapjaival foglalkozunk affektív idegtudományi megközelítésben. Összefoglaljuk azokat a kutatási eredményeket, amelyek a kéreg alatti agyi struktúrákhoz köthető elsődleges érzelmi rendszerek mérésével kapcsolatban születtek. Az Affektív idegtudományi személyiség skálák (Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales – ANPS) hat (+1) érzelmi vonás mérésére szolgálnak (FÉLELEM , HARAG, SZOMORÚSÁG, JÁTÉKOSSÁG, KERESÉS, GONDOSKODÁS, Spiritualitás). Módszer: Tanulmányunk alapját 65, 2003–2019 között publikált empirikus kutatás adja. Ezek mind-egyikében adatgyűjtés történt az ANPS kérdőívvel. A forrásokat négy csoportra osztottuk: validálási tanulmányok, biológiai markerekre hivatkozó tanulmányok, klinikai jellegű cikkek és egyéb, a széles körű alkalmazhatóságot igazoló publikációk. Jelen tanulmányban a validálással kapcsolatos kutatásokat összegezzük az időbeli stabilitás és a faktorszerkezet tekintetében, majd összegzést végzünk a megbízhatósággal, a nemi különbségekkel és az ANPS skálák együtt járásával kapcsolatosan. Eredmények: Az ANPS által mért konstruktumok időben stabilak, azaz a skálák vonásokat mérnek, nem helyzetfüggő érzelmi állapotokat. A hat érzelmi rendszer két fő faktorba rendeződik (pozitív és negatív), ahol a negatív érzelmi vonások nagyobb magyarázóerővel bírnak, mint a pozitívak. A hat (+1) skála megbízhatónak mondható (Cronbach alfa > 0,7). Az eredmények alapján a nők magasabb pontszámot érnek el a GONDOSKODÁS, FÉLELEM, SZOMORÚSÁG skálákon, míg a férfi ak a JÁTÉKOSSÁG, KERESÉS, HARAG skálákon. A Spiritualitás skálán nincs nemi különbség. A skálák között szisztematikus együtt járások tárhatók fel. Következtetések: Az ANPS megbízhatóan méri a személyiségünk alapjait alkotó, kéreg alatti agyterületekhez köthető érzelmi vonásokat, gazdagítva ezzel a személyiség idegtudományi megközelítésének (Personality Neuroscience) módszertanát. Az agyi képalkotó eljárásokkal együtt alkalmazva nemcsak ezen a területen nyithat új távlatokat, hanem a klinikai pszichológiában és a kulturális összehasonlító vizsgálatok terén is. Introduction: In this review we focus on emotional basics of personality traits from affective neuroscience perspective. We summarize empirical studies using the Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales (ANPS) that was developed for measuring six (+1) primary emotional systems located in subcortical brain areas (FEAR, ANGER, SADNESS, PLAYFULNESS, SEEK, CARE, Spirituality). Methods: We selected 65 empirical studies published between 2003 and 2019 where ANPS questionnaire was used. We divided the studies into four clusters: validation studies, studies with biological markers, clinical studies and others demonstrating different application of the ANPS. In this review we summarized the validation studies in regard to the test-retest reliability, factor structure of the ANPS, then we conducted statistical analysis on 39 datasets for reliability, on 25 datasets for sex differences and inter-scale correlations (33 and 45 datasets). Results: Based on the test-retest analysis ANPS constructs measure emotional traits, not context-dependent affects. The six primary emotions form two main factors (positive and negative emotions), and the negative emotions have greater explanation power than positive emotions. The six (+1) scales are reliable (Cronbach alphas > 0,7). Results show that women have higher scores on CARE, FEAR and SADNESS, while men’s scores are higher on PLAYFULNESS, SEEK and ANGER. No sex difference appeared on Spirituality scale. However, systematic inter-scale correlations were found. Conclusions: The ANPS questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool for measuring primary emotions that are located in the subcortical brain areas and are the building blocks of personality traits. It is a self-report measure of the recently developing fi eld of personality neuroscience. As a self-report instrument of brain imaging studies it can open new perspectives not only in neuroscience, but in clinical psychology and in cross-cultural studies.

scholarly journals A meta-analysis on individual differences in primary emotional systems and Big Five personality traits

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Marengo ◽  
Kenneth L. Davis ◽  
Gökçe Özkarar Gradwohl ◽  
Christian Montag
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Big Five Personality Traits ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Affective Neuroscience ◽  
Emotional Systems

AbstractThe Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales (ANPS) were constructed as a self-report assessment to measure individual differences in Jaak Panksepp’s cross-species primary emotional systems: SEEKING, PLAY, CARE (positive emotions) and FEAR, SADNESS, ANGER (negative emotions). Beginning with the first published work on the ANPS in 2003, individual differences on the ANPS measures of these six primary emotional systems have been consistently linked to Big Five personality traits. From a theoretical perspective, these primary emotional systems arising from subcortical regions, shed light on the nature of the Big Five personality traits from an evolutionary perspective, because each of these primary emotional systems represent a tool for survival endowing mammalian species with inherited behavioral programs to react appropriately to complex environments. The present work revisited 21 available samples where both ANPS and Big Five measures have been administered. Our meta-analytical analysis provides solid evidence that high SEEKING relates to high Openness to Experience, high PLAY to high Extraversion, high CARE/low ANGER to high Agreeableness and high FEAR/SADNESS/ANGER to high Neuroticism. This seems to be true regardless of the ANPS inventory chosen, although much more work is needed in this area. Associations between primary emotional systems and Conscientiousness were in the lower effect size area across all six primary emotions, thereby supporting the idea that Conscientiousness rather seems to be less directly related with the subcortical primary emotions and likely is the most cognitive/cortical personality construct out of the Big Five. In sum, the present work underlines the idea that individual differences in primary emotional systems represent evolutionarily ancient foundations of human personality, given their a) meaningful links to the prominent Big Five model and b) their origins lying in subcortical areas of the human brain.

scholarly journals A Serbian version of the ANPS and its link to the five-factor model of personality

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 303-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Montag ◽  
Kenneth L. Davis ◽  
Ljiljana B. Lazarevic ◽  
Goran Knezevic
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Affective Neuroscience ◽  
Serbian Version ◽  
Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
First Time ◽  
Emotional Systems ◽  
Report Measure

AbstractThis short communication presents a Serbian version of the Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales (ANPS). The ANPS is a self-report measure assessing individual differences in primary emotional systems as derived from Jaak Panksepp’s Affective Neuroscience Theory. As a recent work by Montag & Panksepp (2017a) confirmed the original demonstration of strong associations between primary emotions and the Five-Factor Model of Personality (Davis et al., 2003) across different cultures (USA, Germany, China), we replicated these findings in a Serbian sample. Moreover, following the idea of a recent commentary of Di Domencio & Ryan (2017) on Montag & Panksepp’s (2017a), we present for the first time detailed associations between Five-Factor Model facets as assessed with the NEO-PI-R and primary emotions.

The Relationship Between Narcissism and Personality Traits of the Five-Factor-Model in Adolescents and Young Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 516-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Allroggen ◽  
Peter Rehmann ◽  
Eva Schürch ◽  
Carolyn C. Morf ◽  
Michael Kölch
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Grandiose Narcissism ◽  
Vulnerable Narcissism ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract.Narcissism is seen as a multidimensional construct that consists of two manifestations: grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. In order to define these two manifestations, their relationship to personality factors has increasingly become of interest. However, so far no studies have considered the relationship between different phenotypes of narcissism and personality factors in adolescents. Method: In a cross-sectional study, we examine a group of adolescents (n = 98; average age 16.77 years; 23.5 % female) with regard to the relationship between Big Five personality factors and pathological narcissism using self-report instruments. This group is compared to a group of young adults (n = 38; average age 19.69 years; 25.6 % female). Results: Grandiose narcissism is primarily related to low Agreeableness and Extraversion, vulnerable narcissism to Neuroticism. We do not find differences between adolescents and young adults concerning the relationship between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism and personality traits. Discussion: Vulnerable and grandiose narcissism can be well differentiated in adolescents, and the pattern does not show substantial differences compared to young adults.

Handwriting Analysis and Personality Assessment

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Greasley
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Personnel Selection ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Handwriting Analysis ◽  
Recruitment Process ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Personnel Recruitment ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Better Than

It has been estimated that graphology is used by over 80% of European companies as part of their personnel recruitment process. And yet, after over three decades of research into the validity of graphology as a means of assessing personality, we are left with a legacy of equivocal results. For every experiment that has provided evidence to show that graphologists are able to identify personality traits from features of handwriting, there are just as many to show that, under rigorously controlled conditions, graphologists perform no better than chance expectations. In light of this confusion, this paper takes a different approach to the subject by focusing on the rationale and modus operandi of graphology. When we take a closer look at the academic literature, we note that there is no discussion of the actual rules by which graphologists make their assessments of personality from handwriting samples. Examination of these rules reveals a practice founded upon analogy, symbolism, and metaphor in the absence of empirical studies that have established the associations between particular features of handwriting and personality traits proposed by graphologists. These rules guide both popular graphology and that practiced by professional graphologists in personnel selection.

In Search of the Prosocial Personality

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Wertag ◽  
Denis Bratko
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Prosocial behavior is intended to benefit others rather than oneself and is positively linked to personality traits such as Agreeableness and Honesty-Humility, and usually negatively to the Dark Triad traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy). However, a significant proportion of the research in this area is conducted solely on self-report measures of prosocial behavior. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between prosociality and the basic (i.e., HEXACO) and dark personality traits, comparing their contribution in predicting both self-reported prosociality and prosocial behavior. Results of the hierarchical regression analyses showed that the Dark Triad traits explain prosociality and prosocial behavior above and beyond the HEXACO traits, emphasizing the importance of the Dark Triad in the personality space.

Machiavellianism and personality disorder: their relationship in the mirror of interpersonal attitudes

2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (40) ◽  
pp. 1584-1588
Author(s):  
András Láng
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Callous Unemotional ◽  
Personality Dysfunction ◽  
Medium Strength

Introduction: Social and personality psychologists have described Machiavellianism as a pragmatic, callous-unemotional, exploitative and manipulative attitude towards others. Several former studies linked Machiavellian personality traits and interpersonal problems or personality dysfunction. Aim: The aim of this study was to reveal the connection between Machiavellianism and interpersonal problems that are characteristic of personality disorders. Method: 252 participants (146 females and 106 males, aged 32.46±5.39 years, mean±SD) filled out self-report measures of Machiavellianism and personality disorder related interpersonal problems. Results: There was a medium strength relationships between Machiavellianism and several interpersonal problems. Aggression and ambivalence proved to be significant predictors of Machiavellian personality traits. Conclusions: Results are discussed in relation to the patient–therapist bond. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(39), 1584–1588.

Samuel, D.B. & Ranseen, J.R. (2006, October). Stimulant medication’s effects on adult ADHD symptoms and NEO PI-R personality traits

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Samuel ◽  
John D. Ranseen
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Stimulant Treatment ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Adhd Symptomatology

Previous studies have indicated a consistent profile of basic personality traits correlated with adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (e.g., Ranseen, Campbell, & Baer, 1998; Nigg et al., 2002). In particular, research has found that low scores of the Conscientiousness trait and high scores on Neuroticism have been correlated with ADHD symptomatology. However, to date there is limited information concerning the range of effect resulting from medication treatment for adult ADHD. During an 18 month period, 60 adults were diagnosed with ADHD based on strict, DSM-IV criteria at an outpatient clinic. This evaluation included a battery of neuropsychological tests and a measure of general personality (i.e., the NEO PI-R). Eleven of these participants returned to complete the battery a second time. The pre-post comparisons revealed significant changes following sustained stimulant treatment on both the neuropsychological and self-report measures. These individuals also displayed significant changes on two domains of the NEO PI-R. They showed a significant decrease on the domain of Neuroticism, indicating that now see themselves as less prone to experience negative emotional states such as anxiety and depression. Additionally, they also reported a significant increase on their scores on the domain of conscientiousness. This increase suggests that they see themselves as more organized and dependable.

scholarly journals Personality Prototypes in People with Type 1 Diabetes and Their Relationship with Adherence

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4818
Author(s):  
Carmen Sánchez-Urbano ◽  
María J. Pino ◽  
Carlos Herruzo
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Guidelines

Type 1 diabetes (Dm1) is a chronic endocrine and metabolic disease that affects the whole person and requires active, decisive treatment. However, personality traits may influence a patient’s adherence to treatment guidelines. The objective of this work is firstly to identify the 3 Asendorpf personality prototypes (resilient, undercontrolled and overcontrolled) in a sample of Dm1 individuals and determine whether there are any differences in comparison with a control sample; and, secondly, to study their association with adherence to self-care guidelines using both physiological indicators (HbA1C) and self-report measures. To achieve these objectives, a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out. The sample comprised 294 participants, of whom 104 were people with Dm1 and 190 were controls. The participants, aged between 14 and 34 years, were classified by their scores in NEO-FFI-R, according to the personality characteristics inherent to Asendorpf’s prototypes. Asendorpf’s 3 prototypical personality patterns were found both in the group of people with Dm1 and in the control sample. These patterns showed different degrees of association with adherence to self-care guidelines for this disease and with psychological health factors. Importance should therefore be attached to the personality traits and Asendorpf prototypes of people with Dm1 when proposing interventions to address medical, psychological, and behavioral aspects.

scholarly journals Tracking eye-gaze in smart home systems (SHS): first insights from eye-tracking and self-report measures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Cassioli ◽  
Laura Angioletti ◽  
Michela Balconi
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Smart Home ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Visual Exploration ◽  
Living Room ◽  
Psychological Traits

AbstractHuman–computer interaction (HCI) is particularly interesting because full-immersive technology may be approached differently by users, depending on the complexity of the interaction, users’ personality traits, and their motivational systems inclination. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship between psychological factors and attention towards specific tech-interactions in a smart home system (SHS). The relation between personal psychological traits and eye-tracking metrics is investigated through self-report measures [locus of control (LoC), user experience (UX), behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and behavioral activation system (BAS)] and a wearable and wireless near-infrared illumination based eye-tracking system applied to an Italian sample (n = 19). Participants were asked to activate and interact with five different tech-interaction areas with different levels of complexity (entrance, kitchen, living room, bathroom, and bedroom) in a smart home system (SHS), while their eye-gaze behavior was recorded. Data showed significant differences between a simpler interaction (entrance) and a more complex one (living room), in terms of number of fixation. Moreover, slower time to first fixation in a multifaceted interaction (bathroom), compared to simpler ones (kitchen and living room) was found. Additionally, in two interaction conditions (living room and bathroom), negative correlations were found between external LoC and fixation count, and between BAS reward responsiveness scores and fixation duration. Findings led to the identification of a two-way process, where both the complexity of the tech-interaction and subjects’ personality traits are important impacting factors on the user’s visual exploration behavior. This research contributes to understand the user responsiveness adding first insights that may help to create more human-centered technology.

Cross-Study, Cross-Method Associations Between Negative Urgency and Internalizing Symptoms

Assessment ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107319112098388
Author(s):  
Kevin M. King ◽  
Max A. Halvorson ◽  
Kevin S. Kuehn ◽  
Madison C. Feil ◽  
Liliana J. Lengua
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Negative Emotionality ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Negative Urgency ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

There is a small body of research that has connected individual differences in negative urgency, the tendency to report rash actions in response to negative emotions, with self-report depressive and anxiety symptoms. Despite the conceptual overlap of negative urgency with negative emotionality, the tendency to experience frequent and intense negative emotions, even fewer studies have examined whether the association of negative urgency with internalizing symptoms hold when controlling for negative emotionality. In the current study, we estimated the bivariate association between negative urgency and internalizing symptoms, tested whether they remained significant after partialling out negative emotionality, and tested whether these effects generalized to real-time experiences of negative emotions. We used data from five independent samples of high school and college students, assessed with global self-report ( n = 1,297) and ecological momentary assessment ( n = 195). Results indicated that in global self-report data, negative urgency was moderately and positively associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms, and the partial association with depressive symptoms (but not anxiety symptoms) controlling for negative emotionality remained significant and moderate in magnitude. This pattern was replicated in ecological momentary assessment data. Negative urgency may convey risk for depressive symptoms, independent of the effects of negative emotionality.

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