scholarly journals Women Employment Opportunity on SMEs Sector: Bangladesh Perspective

2020 ◽  
pp. 105-118
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Study Finding ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Female Entrepreneurs ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Savings Rate

This study explores women's work prospects in the SME sector of Bangladesh. The researcher has identified two different reasons to conduct this study separately. Number one is that in the last few decades, have played a very active and important role, and the second is that by empowering women, female entrepreneurs build new job opportunities and solve the different problems of society. Small and medium-sized enterprises, which play an important role as engines of economic growth in many countries, provide growth opportunities for low-cost jobs. The results of the study illustrate the correlation between job opportunities for SMEs and women. Women's entrepreneurship is seen as a crucial instrument of women's empowerment and emancipation. Small and medium-sized enterprises, which play an important role in many countries as engines of economic growth, provide opportunities for low-cost employment with growth. The study finding shows the relationship between employment opportunities for SMEs and Women. Women entrepreneurship is seen as a key tool for empowering and liberating women. Developing countries such as Bangladesh are better off starting a small and medium-sized company because Bangladesh belongs to the low-income group facing problems of unemployment, poverty, low savings rate, low capital accumulation. Business on the micro and small scale did not require huge investment, it begins with limited capital. Developing nations such as Bangladesh are better off starting a small and medium-sized business because Bangladesh is part of the low-income community facing unemployment, poverty, low savings rate, low accumulation of capital problems. Micro and small-scale companies did not need tremendous investment but began with minimal resources.

scholarly journals A Study on the Sustainability of Microfinance Institutions in Serving the Low-Income Group in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 339-353
Author(s):  
Nur Harena Redzuan ◽  
Amir Abidin Bashir
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Poverty Eradication ◽  
The People ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Low Income Groups ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

A microfinance scheme was introduced in Malaysia in the year 1987 as one of the alternatives to poverty eradication strategies in the country by the government. Since then, several institutions have created to carry out the agenda of providing small loans to the low-income group to start up their small-scale business to generate more sources of income to support their household consumption. However, for a certain reason, the people still do not find microfinance an important tool to uplift their economic positions. Most of the low-income groups are still unaware of this golden opportunity tailored for them. Besides, the sustainability of these subsidized microfinance systems implemented by Malaysia had not been appropriately studied. This study explores the attractiveness of the products offered by microfinance institutions and emphasizes the option that the participants must start utilizing the product. This research also explores microfinance facilities that contain conventional finance element which is prohibited in Islamic trade. The study also discusses the measures and actions taken by microfinance institutions in serving the low-income group in Malaysia. This paper employs a qualitative method through interviews and content analysis. The report, journal publications, and other related documents were also analyzed in achieving the objectives. The study provides the impact that it may pave the way to an indistinct understanding of how Islamic microfinance institutions sustain their operations.

Prefab Materials for Self Build Housing System in Malaysia

2015 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 250-253
Author(s):  
Wan Srihani Wan Mohamed ◽  
Yahaya Ahmad ◽  
Nik Fazlysham Nik Mat ◽  
Aznida Azlan
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Housing Provision ◽  
Skill Levels ◽  
Self Help ◽  
House Construction ◽  
Low Cost Housing

Prefabricated system has been used extensively in many developed and developing countries to provide low cost housing. There are many case studies that took the advantage of prefabricated system as part of self help approach in house construction. Prefabricated system in self help housing proved to be cost effective, provide employment opportunities, utilise low skill levels and maximise local natural resources. Malaysia is also promoting prefabricated system to be used in low cost housing provision. There are obstacles to implement such technology into the conventional construction industry. This paper investigates the possibility of adapting local resources, such as timber, into prefabricated components as a mean to promote not only modular coordination concept but also promote self build approach in the community at a lower skill labour. It is not an immediate solution to housing issues yet it provides alternatives to house the low income group and contribute to increase the supply of housing.

WORK STRAIN ANALYSIS OF TAILORS IN HYDERABAD

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-7
Author(s):  
Prathyusha Prathyusha ◽  
V.Vijaya Lakshmi ◽  
M.Gayathri Devi
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Strain Analysis ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Late Night ◽  
Repetitive Movements ◽  
Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Small Scale Industries

Tailoring is one of the small-scale industries where both male and female, mostly from the low-income group are employed highly. Tailors work in a monotonous job from morning to late night. Tailoring involves high repetitive movements and tailors have to sit in one place for prolonged time with head bent and upper back curved postures. This work is visually demanding and requires higher concentration and accuracy. For the present study, fteen male tailors from Hyderabad were randomly selected as sample. The interview schedule was prepared by including questions pertaining to health i.e. head, respiratory, vision, skin and other problems, job satisfaction about the work environment were asked to study the tailor’s workplace discomforts. Frequency and percentage were used to analyze the data. Majority of the respondents had experienced neck pain, visual strains and they were least stratied with their physical and physiological factors. Prolonged physical and psychological stress leads to work-related musculoskeletal disorders, immune deciency disorders and gastrointestinal disorders among respondents.

Between containment and crackdown in Geylang, Singapore: Urban crime control as the statecrafting of migrant exclusion

Urban Studies ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 004209802110346
Author(s):  
Joe Greener ◽  
Laura Naegler
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Urban Crime ◽  
Political Discourses ◽  
Urban Political Economy

Based on a case study conducted in Geylang, Singapore, this article explores the role of urban policing, surveillance and crime control as mechanisms of social ordering that contribute to the marginalisation of excluded groups, including low-income migrant workers and sex workers. Adopting a statecraft approach that emphasises the significance of ‘governing through crime’ for the upholding of urban political-economic projects, we examine the entanglement of political discourses and crime and social control practices as co-constructive of class- and race-based inequality in Singapore. Drawing from qualitative interviews with NGO workers and sex workers, augmented by extensive non-participant observations, we identify three processes through which state power is vectored in Geylang: the stigmatisation of the neighbourhood through association with marginalised groups, legitimising intense spatialised intervention; the enacting of performative zero-tolerance policing; and the containment and surveillance of illicit activities within the neighbourhood. Contributing to discussions that advance the statecraft approach to researching urban crime control, the article shows that seemingly contradictory practices of tolerance and intervention constitute strategies of governance. The article argues that spatially specific crime control practices in Geylang generated an exclusionary ‘spectacle’ which symbolically connects low-income migrant workers with deviance, in turn supporting citizenship exclusion, racialised marginality and a wider politics of capital accumulation resting on disempowered labour. As we argue, crime control policies are an important form of statecraft legitimising an urban political economy that is heavily reliant on low-cost labour provided by migrant workers.

scholarly journals Anti-Democratic Spaces and Impoverishment: Role of Roads in Low-Income Residential Areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 15-32
Author(s):  
Allison John ◽  
Mabel Allison ◽  
Dennis Ejike Amadi ◽  
Crispin Allison
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Environmental Leadership ◽  
Transit Systems ◽  
Urban City ◽  
Central Business Districts ◽  
Democratic Spaces

This article identifies the low-income group as eco-friendly in terms of their favoured transit systems. Despite the group’s eco-friendly and sustainable attributes, they suffer the most in their use of urban spaces, in low-cost housings and in transportation planning, in particular the roads. There is corruption among others who push for road dominance in the infrastructure. There is a call for action in developing the following: greater transparency, democratic approaches, and compact developments with a rich juxtaposition of greenery enhancing pedestrian corridors. Community spaces connecting working areas with the Central Business Districts (CBD) and high densities residencies to be developed are popular and more sustainable options. A pragmatic contextual sensitive approach is demanded. Downsizing road networks within low-income neighbourhoods can empower the poor and their community, while simultaneously mitigating the risk of corruption generated by the development of roads. The problem is global; operational, managerial and strategic in scope with the capacities of enterprising urban poor being wasted in urban-city governance. The recommendations target stopping the conversation of critical government policies into mere rhetoric. Flooding, housing, education, and public health were identified areas for strategic intervention. The Rand study and a review of the DG SANCO EU report was adapted as the approach to this research. ‘Co-petition’ and collaboration among government authorities, built-up professionals, and inclusiveness of targeted population remains imperative; even so, the review of academic curricular and methods towards environmental leadership for sustainability shifts from planning for cities and cars to planning for humans.

The Influence of Perceived Motivational Factors on Success of Women-Driven Ventures and Their Contribution in Economic Development

2021 ◽  
pp. 097226292110082
Author(s):  
Sukhjeet Kaur Matharu ◽  
Divya Juneja
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Female Entrepreneurs ◽  
Motivation Factors ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Motivating Factor

Entrepreneurs are significant contributors in the economic growth of a nation. Generally, economic growth of any country is largely determined by the financial and social development of the women entrepreneurs. The objective of the study is to analyse the influence of perceived motivational independent variables on anticipated success of female venture holders. The existing literature arouse the need of significant study in the field of perceived motivation factors of women entrepreneurs, specifically in Madhya Pradesh, and an understanding of women’s participation in economic development of the state. A self-designed structured questionnaire was administered personally among female entrepreneurs engaged in small-scale businesses in different regions of Madhya Pradesh. The compilation of findings was done on the basis of empirical analysis of the explored motivational and the anticipated success factors. Accordingly, the hypotheses were framed and an eight-dimensional model making use of regression analysis is developed for identifying a meaningful relationship between explored inspirational and success accomplishment factors. The results of analysis state that the factors financial freedom and professional competency have greatest influence on the overall success of the venture followed by entrepreneurial attitude and supportive environment. Variables like prosperity and receptiveness are the least motivating factor towards the success of the venture.

scholarly journals URBAN LOW-COST HOUSING EFFECT MENTAL HEALTH

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Masyitah Ghazali ◽  
Marlyana Azyyati Marzukhi ◽  
Oliver Hoon Leh Ling
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Low Income Groups ◽  
Low Cost Housing

As the number of people moving to urban areas increases by the year, it also increases the prevalence of mental health problems worldwide. Low-income groups in urban areas have had to choose to live in low-cost housing due to the higher cost of living. This study aims to understand the effect of living in lowcost housing. The objectives are to study and analyse mental health conditions for the low-income group living in low-cost housing in an urban area. This study was conducted at the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The questionnaire used is an adaptation of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and the sample selection used homogenous sampling. The site selection is based on the housing scheme's characteristics: location, density, property age, and surrounding land use. The data collected were analysed using correlation analysis to determine the relationship between urban low-cost housing living and mental health. The results have shown that 57.8 per cent of the respondents have depression, 65.7 per cent have anxiety, and 55.9 per cent have stress with various severity. The findings show that low-cost housing associated with poorer mental health is caused by several factors.

scholarly journals Scalable deep learning to identify brick kilns and aid regulatory capacity

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (17) ◽  
pp. e2018863118
Author(s):  
Jihyeon Lee ◽  
Nina R. Brooks ◽  
Fahim Tajwar ◽  
Marshall Burke ◽  
Stefano Ermon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Regulatory Compliance ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Brick Kiln ◽  
Brick Kilns ◽  
Regulatory Capacity ◽  
Government Data ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Resolution Satellite Imagery

Improving compliance with environmental regulations is critical for promoting clean environments and healthy populations. In South Asia, brick manufacturing is a major source of pollution but is dominated by small-scale, informal producers who are difficult to monitor and regulate—a common challenge in low-income settings. We demonstrate a low-cost, scalable approach for locating brick kilns in high-resolution satellite imagery from Bangladesh. Our approach identifies kilns with 94.2% accuracy and 88.7% precision and extracts the precise GPS coordinates of every brick kiln across Bangladesh. Using these estimates, we show that at least 12% of the population of Bangladesh (>18 million people) live within 1 km of a kiln and that 77% and 9% of kilns are (illegally) within 1 km of schools and health facilities, respectively. Finally, we show how kilns contribute up to 20.4 μg/m3 of PM2.5 (particulate matter of a diameter less than 2.5 μm) in Dhaka when the wind blows from an unfavorable direction. We document inaccuracies and potential bias with respect to local regulations in the government data. Our approach demonstrates how machine learning and Earth observation can be combined to better understand the extent and implications of regulatory compliance in informal industry.

scholarly journals Socio-economic profile of the low income and poor communities in Kuala Lumpur city, Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahid Murad ◽  
Mahadi Hasan ◽  
Saiful Islam ◽  
Md. Mahmudul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Economic Profile ◽  
Poor Communities

It seems to have been apparent in developing nations that economic growth and urbanization are always interrelated. Malaysia's rapid economic growth has also resulted in a considerable growth of urbanization. As gleaned from the other side of the coin, the process of such urbanization had twisted numerous negative impacts on the socioeconomic aspects of the urban low income and poor communities living in the low-cost flats and squatters. One of the major impacts of Malaysia's rapid urbanization is the transformation in the socio-economic profile of the urban low income and poor communities. This paper aims to determine and analyze the socio-economic indicators affecting the profile of the urban low income and poor communities residing in the squatters and low-cost flats of Kuala Lumpur city, Malaysia. To pursue the objective, the study has conducted a field survey, collected primary data from the level of living conditions of the urban low income and poor households and has employed some statistical techniques such as descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the chi-square test. The empirical findings of this study appeared to have important policy implications and are expected to enable the respective policy and decision makers in their effort to alleviate urban poverty

scholarly journals The rate of gross saving: theory and practice

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-28
Author(s):  
Iryna Kryuchkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Current Phase ◽  
Fundamental Parameter ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Savings Rate ◽  
State Registration

Scientific justification of the rate of gross savings is one of the key issues in the models of economic growth and a fundamental parameter of economic architectonics in the context of long-term dynamics of growth and structure of total demand. The article aims at demonstrating the genesis of the theory of the rate of gross savings beginning from the classics of political economy to theoretical justifications of the endogenization of the rate of savings in the models of economic growth as well as a detailed consideration of the components of gross savings with the analysis of the factors affecting its level (based on statistical data). It is exactly the empirical analysis that allows testing the validity of theoretical concepts and determining the correctness of the theorists' conclusions. The author shows a great gap between the classical view of the savings rate as a result of the action of natural law, which leads to self-regulation of the parameters of production reproduction, on the one hand, and the purely rational views shaped during the formation and development of the theory and models of economic growth, on the other. Empirical studies have shown that the rate of savings and the rate of capital accumulation are different in the economies of different countries and depend on: the degree of government intervention in the distribution of gross disposable income between institutional sectors and in the structure of households by income level, the level of public social transfers, the depth of income misbalances and expenditure of the institutional sectors and, accordingly, their net borrowing and accumulated debt, as well as on the current phase of the economic cycle and quality of the investment environment. The practical relevance of the study is important to substantiate fiscal policy, especially regarding its impact on the level of gross savings in the non-financial corporations and government sectors, as well as the level of public social and capital expenditures. The article was written within the project on «Macro-prospects of the endogenization of Ukraine’s economic development» (state registration number 0117U006435).

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