Taxonomic Revision of Kaunia (Eupatorieae, Asteraceae), an Andean Genus with Presence in Eastern South America

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 664-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica N. Viera Barreto ◽  
Gisela Sancho
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Statistical Studies ◽  
Small Genus ◽  
Subdominant Species

Kaunia R. M. King & H. Rob. is a small genus of 11 species that play an important role in Andean ecosystems, either by dominating specific vegetation units or as subdominant species at boundaries of alder communities and pino del cerro forests. The species of Kaunia are shrubs or small trees with commonly pinkish or white, usually tubular-funnelform corollas of internally smooth lobes lacking papillae, uniformly wide styles, and 20 to 26 chromosomes. A complete and exhaustive treatment of Kaunia is lacking, and so its taxonomy is herein revised. As a result of this work, together with those of previous statistical studies, 10 species of Kaunia are recognized. Kaunia ignorata (Hieron.) R. M. King & H. Rob. is placed under synonymy of K. camataquiensis (Hieron.) R. M. King & H. Rob., and a lectotype for Eupatorium hosanense B. L. Rob. is designated. Our study provides the first morphological and anatomical study of Kaunia. A key to the species, detailed descriptions, illustrations, and distribution maps for each species are also provided.

scholarly journals Taxonomic revision of Amorimia W.R. Anderson (Malpighiaceae)

Hoehnea ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Felipe de Almeida
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Seasonally Dry ◽  
Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests ◽  
Dry Tropical Forests

ABSTRACT The taxonomic revision of Amorimia (Malpighiaceae) is presented, including typifications, and descriptions for all accepted species. The genus is endemic to Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests and Rainforests of South America, and its species can be distinguished by morphological details of leaves, indumenta, inflorescences, flowers, and fruits. This study includes an identification key for the subgenera and species of Amorimia, illustrations, distribution maps, conservation risk assessments, and comments on ecology, nomenclature, and taxonomy for all species. Additionally, I provide a key to differentiate Amorimia from the remaining genera of the Malpighioid clade.

A taxonomic revision of Mexican and Central American Symplocos (Symplocaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 264 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
LAWRENCE M. KELLY ◽  
FRANK ALMEDA ◽  
PETER W. FRITSCH
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Central American ◽  
Complete List ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
One New Species

A taxonomic revision of the Mexican and Central American members of Symplocos is presented. Thirty two species are recognized for the region. Two of the species belong to Symplocos sect. Hopea, and 30 are members of S. sect. Symplocos series Symplocos. The species of S. ser. Symplocos are easily distinguished from those of S. sect. Hopea by their connate petals that are adnate to the androecium distinctly beyond the base (versus connate and adnate at the base only), and filaments that are tangentially flattened in cross section and apically constricted (versus terete and not apically constricted). Of the 32 recognized species, ten are endemic to Mexico, 13 are endemic to Central America, two are shared between Central America and South America, seven are shared between Mexico and Central America, and one is shared among Mexico, Central America, and Cuba. One new species, S. nigridentata, is described from Mexico, and lectotypifications or neotypifications are provided for S. coccinea, S. coccinea var. hirta, S. costaricana, S. hartwegii, S. hartwegii var. opaca, S. limoncillo, S. prionophylla, S. pycnantha, S. schiedeana, S. serrulata, S. speciosa, and S. tomentosa. The revision includes keys, full synonymy, descriptions, illustrations for those species not already illustrated elsewhere, distribution maps and assignment of conservation status for all species, and a complete list of exsiccatae.

scholarly journals A taxonomic revision of the tribe Pleuroweisieae (Pottiaceae, Bryophyta) in South America

Phytotaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria J. Cano ◽  
Juan A. Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Herbarium Material ◽  
Distribution Maps

The genera Anoectangium, Gymnostomum, Hymenostylium, and Molendoa, included in the tribe Pleuroweisieae, are studied in South America. After a thorough revision of both herbarium material and our own recent collections from the area, we recognize eight species among these genera. In Hymenostylium, H. recurvirostrum and H. aurantiacum are accepted, the latter newly reported for the territory. Hymenostylium contextum and H. kunzeanum are placed in the synonymy of H. recurvirostrum and Weissia stillicidiorum and Hydrogonium taylorii of H. aurantiacum. In Gymnostomum, only G. calcareum is recognized in South America. Gymnostomum tenerrimum is considered a synonym of G. calcareum and G. aeruginosum is tentatively excluded from the area. In Molendoa, M. sendtneriana and M. peruviana comb. nov. are recognized. Anoectangium calidum, Molendoa andina, M. subobtusifolia, and Trichostomum glaucoviride are proposed as synonyms of M. sendtneriana and Anoectangium herzogii, A. platyphyllum, A. lechlerianum and Triquetrella cucullata of M. peruviana. Molendoa fuegiana and M. guentheri are excluded from Molendoa and considered synonyms of Didymodon australasiae. In Anoectangium, A. aestivum, A. euchloron and A. stracheyanum are accepted. Anoectangium brachyphyllum and Zygodon tenellus are treated as synonyms of A. euchloron, A. pflanzii of A. aestivum and A. lechlerianum var. laetior and Zygodon linearis of A. stracheyanum. Anoectangium herzogii, A. calidum, and A. lechlerianum var. limbatulum are excluded from Anoectangium. The first is considered conspecific with Molendoa peruviana and the rest with M. sendtneriana. The genus Tuerckheimia represented by T. guatemalensis is excluded from South America. Lectotypes for twenty two names (Anoectangium euchloron f. elata, A. herzogii, A. lechlerianum, A. lechlerianum var. laetior, A. lechlerianum var. limbatulum, A. patagonicum, A. pflanzii, A. sendtnerianum, A. sordidum, A. tenerrimum, Gymnostomum longirostre, G. recurvirostrum, Hymenostylium contextum, H. longopulvinatum, Molendoa fuegiana, Trichostomum glaucoviride, Triquetrella cucullata, Weissia stillicidiorum, W. venezuelensis, Zygodon excelsus, Z. linearis and Z. tenellus) are proposed. A key, descriptions, illustrations and distribution maps are provided for each species. 

Taxonomic revision of Lepidura Townes, 1971 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Mesochorinae) with the description of three new species, new distribution records and a key to the all known species

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4514 (2) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
RODRIGO O. ARAUJO ◽  
FELIPE VIVALLO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Taxonomic Review ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Occurrence Records

A taxonomic review of Lepidura Townes is presented, with three new species described. The following species are recognized: L. abbreviata Dasch, L. callaina Dasch, L. collaris Townes, L. improcera Dasch, L. mallecoensis Dasch, L. olivacea Dasch, L. rubicunda Dasch, L. tenebrosa Dasch, L. tuberosa Dasch, L. variegata Dasch, L. viridis Dasch, L. nigricephala sp. nov., L. patagonica sp. nov. and L. seminitida sp. nov. Species are restricted to Southern South America, occurring in the Andean biogeographic zone. New occurrence records and distribution maps are provided for all species, as well as diagnoses based on type specimens. In addition, an updated key for all species is provided. 

A revision of the genus Syagrus (Arecaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 294 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
LARRY R. NOBLICK
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Complete List ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Conservation Assessment ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Species Descriptions

Presented here is a taxonomic revision of the Neotropical palm genus Syagrus (Arecaceae, Arecoideae, Cocoseae, Attaleinae), which is mostly from South America and primarily from Brazil. The history of the genus is reviewed. The revision includes a key, a complete list of synonymy, species descriptions, a list of specimens, distribution maps, color plates, and a conservation assessment of each species. Included herein are 65 species, 2 subspecies, and 14 natural hybrids. Of these palms, one is new (Syagrus pimentae); three are new combinations (S. cataphracta, S. elata, S. × dickensonii); and two have changed their status (S. graminifolia subsp. graminifolia and S. graminifolia subsp. glazioviana). Of the fourteen naturally occurring hybrids, eleven have hybrid names and three do not. This revision is an important contribution to the taxonomy and identification of Syagrus species from South America and the Caribbean, and is the culmination of many years of lab and fieldwork.

A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical myrmicine ant genus Lachnomyrmex Wheeler (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1890 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
RODRIGO M. FEITOSA ◽  
CARLOS ROBERTO F. BRANDÃO
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
South America ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Geographical Data ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Generic Description ◽  
Wet Forests ◽  
First Time ◽  
Morphological Patterns

The Neotropical ant genus Lachnomyrmex Wheeler, 1910 is revised for the first time. A revised generic description is provided for workers and gynes; males remain unknown. Morphological patterns combined with geographical data led to the recognition of 16 species, of which 10 are here described as new: L. amazonicus sp. n., L. fernandezi sp. n., L. grandis Fernández & Baena, L. haskinsi Smith, L. lattkei sp. n., L. longinodus Fernández & Baena, L. longinoi sp. n., L. mackayi sp. n., L. nordestinus sp. n., L. pilosus Weber, L. laticeps sp. n., L. platynodus sp. n., L. plaumanni Borgmeier, L. regularis sp. n., L. scrobiculatus Wheeler, and L. victori sp. n. The gynes of L. grandis, L. haskinsi, and L. pilosus are described for the first time. Illustrated identification keys for workers, distribution maps, and high resolution illustrations are supplied for all species. Some Lachnomyrmex species are relatively common in the leaf-litter of submontane wet forests in Central and South America; others remain known by very few individuals. The relatively small and apparently monogynic Lachnomyrmex colonies inhabit small nests in the ground, among rotten leaves and inside fallen logs. Workers generally forage alone on the ground or within the leaf litter, but have been recorded also on tree trunks, and apparently do not recruit nestmates.

Taxonomy of Baccharis subgen. Tarchonanthoides (Asteraceae: Astereae: Baccharidinae), a group from the southeastern South American grasslands and savannas

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 241 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Heiden ◽  
José Rubens Pirani
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
South American ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Vernacular Names ◽  
Taxonomic Changes ◽  
Phylogenetic Framework

This is the first attempt to provide a taxonomic revision of a subgenus of Baccharis according to a phylogenetic framework, and under no geographic constraint. The recircumscription of Baccharis subgen. Tarchonanthoides involves the synonymization of Lanugothamnus, and the exclusion of Baccharis sect. Coridifoliae in order to keep the subgenus monophyletic. Other taxonomic changes are: Baccharis psammophila is confirmed as a synonym of B. gnaphalioides, and B. anabelae is a synonym of B. phylicifolia; the application of the latter name along with B. leucopappa and B. uleana is clarified. A lectotype is designated for the name B. uleana. Two recircumscribed sections, five new series and 13 species are accepted within the subgenus which diversified mainly in open vegetation types of southeastern South America in Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Argentina. General morphological descriptions of the infrageneric taxa are provided, as well as a taxonomic key, descriptions, data on etymology, distribution and habitats, phenology, conservation status, ethnobotany and vernacular names, and a list of specimens examined, line drawings, pictures and distribution maps for all accepted species.

Insights into the Taxonomy of Citharexylum (Verbenaceae): A Revision of the South American Taxa

2021 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 167-233
Author(s):  
Nataly O'Leary ◽  
Laura A. Frost ◽  
Fabiana Mirra ◽  
Pablo Moroni
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
New Combination ◽  
South American ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

Citharexylum L. belongs to the recently circumscribed tribe Citharexyleae of the Verbenaceae, along with Rehdera Moldenke. It comprises around 50 to 60 species of trees and shrubs growing in the Neotropics. A complete taxonomic revision of Citharexylum in South America is here provided for the first time. Thirty taxa are present in South America, 27 of these are endemic, and three of them also grow in Central America. Detailed morphological descriptions are given for each taxon, as well as a key for their identification; illustrations, photographs, or iconography; updated synonymy; geographic distribution maps and ecological notes; list of selected specimens; and discussion about the relationship among closely related taxa. A new status, C. poeppigii Walp. var. anomalum (Moldenke) N. O’Leary, and a new combination, C. dentatum D. Don var. canescens (Moldenke) N. O’Leary, are proposed. Thirty-five new synonyms are suggested, and lectotypes are designated for C. fruticosum L. var. brittonii (Moldenke) I. E. Méndez, C. laurifolium Hayek, and Rauvolfia spinosa Cav.

A revision of Attalea (Arecaceae, Arecoideae, Cocoseae, Attaleinae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 444 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-76
Author(s):  
ANDREW HENDERSON
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Species Concept ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Phylogenetic Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Species Concept ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Qualitative Variables

A taxonomic revision of the neotropical palm genus Attalea based on morphological data was carried out. Nine hundred and two herbarium specimens were scored for 21 quantitative and 33 qualitative variables. Using the Phylogenetic Species Concept, qualitative variables were used to recognize 30 species. These are widely distributed in Central and South America from Mexico to Bolivia and Paraguay, with one species in Haiti. Nomenclature, descriptions, and distribution maps are provided for each species. Qualitative variables are illustrated, and illustrations of 22 living plants are also provided.

scholarly journals Wandering throughout South America: Taxonomic revision of Tradescantia subg. Austrotradescantia (D.R.Hunt) M.Pell. (Commelinaceae)

PhytoKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 104 ◽  
pp. 1-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco O.O. Pellegrini
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Invasive Range ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
Conservation Assessments

I present the first taxonomic revision for T.subg.Austrotradescantia, based on extensive field, cultivation and herbaria studies. I accept 13 species, three of them (i.e. T.atlantica, T.hertweckii and T.tucumanensis) being described as new in the present study. I provide an identification key to the species, distribution maps, descriptions, comments, conservation assessments and illustrations for all species. The troublesome weed T.fluminensis has its specific limits clarified and its native range is presented so it can serve as a basis to better understanding its ecological requirements and to help control it throughout its invasive range. Furthermore, I highlight that T.mundula, a commonly neglected species closely related to T.fluminensis, might also represent a troublesome weed. Tradescantiamundula has been widely introduced in cultivation under the name T.albiflora and seems to have also escaped from cultivation. However, due to the hitherto poorly understood specific limits of T.fluminensis, T.mundula has been treated as a mere cultivar of T.fluminensiss.s.

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