Insights into the Taxonomy of Citharexylum (Verbenaceae): A Revision of the South American Taxa

Citharexylum L. belongs to the recently circumscribed tribe Citharexyleae of the Verbenaceae, along with Rehdera Moldenke. It comprises around 50 to 60 species of trees and shrubs growing in the Neotropics. A complete taxonomic revision of Citharexylum in South America is here provided for the first time. Thirty taxa are present in South America, 27 of these are endemic, and three of them also grow in Central America. Detailed morphological descriptions are given for each taxon, as well as a key for their identification; illustrations, photographs, or iconography; updated synonymy; geographic distribution maps and ecological notes; list of selected specimens; and discussion about the relationship among closely related taxa. A new status, C. poeppigii Walp. var. anomalum (Moldenke) N. O’Leary, and a new combination, C. dentatum D. Don var. canescens (Moldenke) N. O’Leary, are proposed. Thirty-five new synonyms are suggested, and lectotypes are designated for C. fruticosum L. var. brittonii (Moldenke) I. E. Méndez, C. laurifolium Hayek, and Rauvolfia spinosa Cav.

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Redefinition of the vittata species group of Epicauta Dejean (1834) (Coleoptera: Meloidae) and taxonomic revision of the species from southern South America

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.2824.1.2 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2824 (1) ◽

pp. 21 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

MARÍA PAULA CAMPOS-SOLDINI ◽

SERGIO ALBERTO ROIG-JUÑENT

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

South America ◽

Central America ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Species Group ◽

South American ◽

South American Species ◽

Southern South America ◽

Northern South America ◽

First Time

The Epicauta vittata group are commonly known as striped blister beetles and was defined by previous authors to include 32 species, 18 from North America, Central America and northern South America, and 14 from southern South America. In the present revision we revised 22 species from South America, excluding the following southern South American species: E. borgmeieri Denier, 1935; E. floydwerneri Martínez, 1955; E. franciscana Denier, 1935; E. fulginosa (Oliver, 1795); E. purpureiceps (Berg, 1889); E. rutilifrons Borchmann, 1930; and E. zebra (Dohrn, 1876) because they do not have the diagnostic characters of the group. The species of the E. vittata group from southern South America are: E. bosqi Denier, 1935; E. clericalis (Berg, 1881); E. grammica (Fischer, 1827); E. leopardina (Haag-Rutemberg, 1880); E. luteolineata Pic, 1933; E. missionum (Berg, 1881); E. monachica (Berg, 1883); E. rutilifrons Borchmann, 1930; plus two more species E. excavata (Klug, 1825); and E. semivittata (Fairmaire, 1875) until now not included in other groups. We provide a complete diagnosis of the E. vittata group from southern South America, redescribing and illustrating all included species. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of female and male genitalia are presented for the first time for these species. Finally, we provide an identification key for the ten species presently included in the E. vittata group, and update the geographic distribution of each species.

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Liogenys Guerin-Méneville, 1831 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Diplotaxini) of northern South America and Central America: taxonomic overview with four new species

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4990.2.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4990 (2) ◽

Author(s):

MARIANA A. CHERMAN ◽

DANIEL S. BASÍLIO ◽

KLEBER M. MISE ◽

JOHANNES FRISCH ◽

ANDREW B.T. SMITH ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

South America ◽

Trinidad And Tobago ◽

Central America ◽

Central American ◽

New Combination ◽

South American ◽

Northern South America ◽

First Time ◽

Subjective Synonym

The biodiversity of northern South American and Central American Liogenys Guérin-Méneville, 1831 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Diplotaxini) is reviewed. Four new species are described: L. clipeosetosa Cherman, new species; L. genieri Smith & Cherman, new species; L. granadina Cherman, new species; and L. schneiderae Cherman, new species. The male of L. quadridens (Fabricius, 1798) and the female of L. quadridentata Blanchard, 1851 are described for the first time. Liogenys gebieni Moser, 1921 is a new junior subjective synonym of L. macropelma Bates, 1887. The northernmost record of Liogenys is emended to Trinidad and Tobago for L. granadina Cherman, new species and L. schneiderae new species. Diplotaxis puberea cuprascens (Bates, 1887) new combination, Diplotaxis puberea puberea (Bates, 1887) new combination, and Diplotaxis pubisternis (Bates, 1887) new combination are all transferred from Liogenys to Diplotaxis Kirby, 1837. Lectotypes are designated for Liogenys gebieni Moser, 1921; Melolontha quadridens Fabricius, 1798; and Liogenys quadridentatus Blanchard, 1851. An identification key to northern South American Liogenys is presented.

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Taxonomic Revision of Euphrasia (Orobanchaceae) in South America

Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden ◽

10.3417/2021707 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 106 ◽

pp. 392-423

Author(s):

Ana Verónica Ortiz ◽

Pablo Moroni ◽

Fabiana Mirra ◽

Rosa María Villanueva Espinoza ◽

Nataly O'Leary

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Native Species ◽

Morphological Study ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Herbarium Specimens ◽

South American ◽

South American Species ◽

Arduous Task ◽

First Time

Morphological boundaries between South American species of Euphrasia L. are controversial, rendering determination of specimens an arduous task. In this context, a comprehensive taxonomic revision of Euphrasia in South America is here provided for the first time. This study, based upon a classical morphological study of ca. 400 herbarium specimens, supports the recognition of eight species and one subspecies distributed in the Andean regions of Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile. From among native species, six belong to section Trifidae Benth. and one to the monotypic section Paradoxae Pugsley, endemic to Juan Fernández Islands; one adventive species, E. officinalis L., belongs to the section Euphrasia. The previously misunderstood presence of E. cockayniana Petrie is here untangled, and, consequently, the species is excluded from South America. A key to all Euphrasia taxa in South America, plus morphological descriptions, nomenclature items, geographical distribution and maps, habitat notes, illustrations, photographs, and discussion notes are included for the nine taxa. Eleven names are here synonymized, and lectotypes are designated for E. andicola Benth., E. debilis Wettst., E. flavicans Phil., E. intricata Phil., and E. philippii Wettst. Euphrasia andicola is reported for the first time for Argentina. This collaborative effort will represent a baseline for further investigations on Euphrasia in South America.

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New and unusual host records for North American and South American spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4891.1.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4891 (1) ◽

pp. 1-112

Author(s):

FRANK E. KURCZEWSKI ◽

RICK C. WEST ◽

CECILIA WAICHERT ◽

KELLY C. KISSANE ◽

DARRELL UBICK ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

South America ◽

Central America ◽

North American ◽

Western Hemisphere ◽

South American ◽

New Host ◽

United States Mexico ◽

First Time ◽

Taxonomic Order

New and unusual host records for 133 species and subspecies of Pompilidae predominantly from the southwestern United States, Mexico, Central America, and South America are presented in modified taxonomic order. First-time species host records are given for Calopompilus Ashmead, Pepsis Fabricius, Hemipepsis Dahlbom, Priocnessus Banks, Entypus Dahlbom, Pompilocalus Roig-Alsina, Sphictostethus Kohl, Auplopus Spinola, Ageniella Banks, Eragenia Banks, Aporus Spinola, Poecilopompilus Ashmead, Tachypompilus Ashmead, Anoplius Dufour, Priochilus (Fabricius) and Notocyphus Smith. New host spider families are introduced for Calopompilus, Pepsis, Hemipepsis, Priocnessus, Entypus, Cryptocheilus Panzer, Priocnemis Schiødte, Auplopus, Ageniella, Eragenia, Aporus, Tachypompilus, Anoplius, Priochilus and Notocyphus. Eight host spider families are reported from the Western Hemisphere for the first time: Halonoproctidae (Notocyphus dorsalis dorsalis Cresson); Dipluridae (Pepsis pretiosa Dahlbom, P. montezuma Smith, P. infuscate Spinola, P. atripennis Fabricius, P. martini Vardy, Priocnessus vancei Waichert and Pitts); Nemesiidae (Pepsis pallidolimbata Lucas, P. viridis Lepeletier, P. spp., Pompilocalus hirticeps (Guérin), Sphictostethus gravesii (Haliday), S. striatulus Roig-Alsina, Priocnemis oregona Banks); Barychelidae (Eragenia sp.); Paratropididae (Pepsis stella Montet); Trechaleidae (Hemipepsis toussainti (Banks), Entypus unifasciatus cressoni (Banks), Tachypompilus ferrugineus (Say), Tachypompilus unicolor cerinus Evans, Priochilus gloriosum (Cresson); Desidae (Ageniella accepta (Cresson), Sphictostethus isodontus Roig-Alsina) and Selenopidae (Priochilus scrupulum (Fox), Tachypompilus erubescens (Taschenberg) or xanthopterus (Rohwer)). The first known host records for the rare South American pompilid genera Chirodamus (Lycosidae: Lycosa sp.) and Herbstellus (Nemesiidae: Diplothelopsis cf bonariensis Mello-Leitão) are presented.

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Taxonomic revision of the South American genus Mulinum (Azorelloideae, Apiaceae)

Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid ◽

10.3989/ajbm.2433 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 74 (1) ◽

pp. 048

Author(s):

Martina Fernández ◽

Cecilia Ezcurra ◽

Carolina I. Calviño

Keyword(s):

Relevant Literature ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

The Other ◽

South American ◽

Southern South America ◽

Patagonian Steppe ◽

Distribution Maps ◽

New Synonyms ◽

New Varieties ◽

Diagnostic Key

The genus Mulinum is endemic to southern South America and is ecologically important because of its dominance in the vegetation of the high Andes and the Patagonian steppe. We present a treatment in which 10 species and 3 new varieties are accepted. A diagnostic key to the species is included, and lists of synonyms, morphological descriptions, observations on the morphological affinities between species, review of the relevant literature, illustrations, and distribution maps are provided. We also analyze and resolve nomenclatural problems, and we provide a list of dubious names and excluded names. Six new synonyms are recognized, including the names M. axilliflorum and M. echinus. Mulinum famatinense is considered here a variety of M. triacanthum. The other two varieties recognized are M. spinosum var. hirsutum and M. spinosum var. zechii. The area of distribution for M. crassifolium, M. leptacanthum, M. spinosum, M. triacanthum, and M. ulicinum has been extended. In addition, 27 lectotypes and one neotype are designated.

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A taxonomic revision of Mexican and Central American Symplocos (Symplocaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.264.1.1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 264 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

LAWRENCE M. KELLY ◽

FRANK ALMEDA ◽

PETER W. FRITSCH

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

South America ◽

Central America ◽

Cross Section ◽

Conservation Status ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Central American ◽

Complete List ◽

Distribution Maps ◽

One New Species

A taxonomic revision of the Mexican and Central American members of Symplocos is presented. Thirty two species are recognized for the region. Two of the species belong to Symplocos sect. Hopea, and 30 are members of S. sect. Symplocos series Symplocos. The species of S. ser. Symplocos are easily distinguished from those of S. sect. Hopea by their connate petals that are adnate to the androecium distinctly beyond the base (versus connate and adnate at the base only), and filaments that are tangentially flattened in cross section and apically constricted (versus terete and not apically constricted). Of the 32 recognized species, ten are endemic to Mexico, 13 are endemic to Central America, two are shared between Central America and South America, seven are shared between Mexico and Central America, and one is shared among Mexico, Central America, and Cuba. One new species, S. nigridentata, is described from Mexico, and lectotypifications or neotypifications are provided for S. coccinea, S. coccinea var. hirta, S. costaricana, S. hartwegii, S. hartwegii var. opaca, S. limoncillo, S. prionophylla, S. pycnantha, S. schiedeana, S. serrulata, S. speciosa, and S. tomentosa. The revision includes keys, full synonymy, descriptions, illustrations for those species not already illustrated elsewhere, distribution maps and assignment of conservation status for all species, and a complete list of exsiccatae.

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Taxonomic revision of Peperomia (Piperaceae) from Uruguay

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.244.2.2 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 244 (2) ◽

pp. 125 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Patricia Mai ◽

Andrés Rossado ◽

José Mauricio Bonifacino ◽

Jorge Luiz Waechter

Keyword(s):

Species Identification ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Identification Key ◽

Distribution Maps ◽

Taxonomic Treatment ◽

New Synonyms ◽

First Time

The genus Peperomia is represented by eight species in Uruguay: P. catharinae, P. comarapana, P. hispidula, P. increscens, P. pereskiifolia, P. psilostachya, P. tetraphylla and P. trineuroides. Peperomia psilostachya is reported for the first time for the flora of Uruguay, from material collected in moist hillside and riverside forests from the northeast and east of the country. Three new synonyms are proposed: P. arechavaletae var. arechavaletae as synonym of P. trineuroides, P. arechavaletae var. minor of P. tetraphylla and P. trapezoidalis of P. psilostachya. Lectotypes for P. arechavaletae, P. arechavaletae var. minor and P. tacuariana, and a neotype for P. herteri are designated. The taxonomic treatment includes synonymies used in Uruguay, morphological descriptions, distribution and habitat data, phenology, conservation assesment, observations, and material examined for each species treated. A species identification key, plant illustrations and distribution maps in Uruguay are provided.

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Taxonomic revision of the genus Wurdastom (Melastomataceae, Cyphostyleae)

Acta Botanica Mexicana ◽

10.21829/abm127.2020.1642 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Humberto Mendoza Cifuentes

Keyword(s):

Taxonomic Revision ◽

The United States ◽

Conservation Assessment ◽

Distribution Maps ◽

Northern Peru ◽

Conservation Assessments ◽

Data Deficient ◽

Herbarium Collections ◽

First Time ◽

Trees And Shrubs

Background and Aims: Wurdastom is a little-known neotropical genus, which is poorly represented in herbarium collections. A historical summary,discussion about the tribal position, taxonomic review, and a conservation assessment of each species of the genus was carried out.Methods: Wurdastom specimens of 17 herbarium collections from Colombia (CAUP, COAH, COL, CUVC, FMB, HUQ, PSO, UDBC, UPTC, VALLE), Ecuador (QCA, QCNE), and the United States of America (CAS, F, MO, NY, US) were reviewed, and relevant type collections available at JSTOR Global Plants were consulted. An identification key, descriptions, illustrations and distribution maps for each species were developed. IUCN guidelines and criterio were used for conservation assessments of each species.Key results: In total, 52 Wurdastom collections were found in the revised herbaria. A new species from Colombia is described and new isotypes from the VALLE Herbarium are reported here for the first time. Wurdastom is a small genus of trees and shrubs from central-west Colombia to northern Peru where it grows in Andean and humid lowland tropical forests. The genus, which is assigned to the tribe Cyphostyleae, is characterized by the acrodromous venation, barbellate trichomes on vegetative parts and inflorescences, multiflorous thyrsoid or pleiothyrsoid inflorescence, haplostemonousflowers, petals ≤1 cm long, inferior ovaries, and capsular fruits.Conclusions: Wurdastom includes eight neotropical species, most of them with restricted distributions. One species is assessed here as Threatened (W. sneidernii), two as Vulnerable (W. cuatrecasasii, W. dudleyi), and the rest are treated as Data Deficient.

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Toward an Updated Taxonomy of the South American Chenopodiaceae I: Subfamilies Betoideae, Camphorosmoideae, and Salsoloideae

Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden ◽

10.3417/2020615 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 106 ◽

pp. 10-30

Author(s):

Nicolás F. Brignone ◽

Silvia S. Denham

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Second Step ◽

Herbarium Specimens ◽

South American ◽

Field Observations ◽

The South ◽

Type Specimens ◽

Salsola Kali ◽

New Synonyms

This paper is the first in a projected series of publications treating the Chenopodiaceae in South America. We present here a taxonomic revision of subfamilies Betoideae, Camphorosmoideae, and Salsoloideae in South America, where all representatives of these subfamilies are introduced. Our research is based on the study of herbarium material, type specimens, digital images, original publications, and field observations. The South American Chenopodiaceae flora includes only Beta vulgaris L. from Betoideae, Bassia hyssopifolia (Pall.) Kuntze, Bassia scoparia (L.) A. J. Scott, and Maireana brevifolia (R. Br.) P. G. Wilson from Camphorosmoideae, and Salsola kali L., Salsola tragus L., and Soda inermis Fourr. from Salsoloideae. Lectotypes for Echinopsilon reuterianus Boiss., Kochia alata Bates, K. parodii Aellen, K. parodii var. elongata Aellen, K. parodii var. densa Aellen, K. parodii var. glabrescens Aellen, and Suaeda sieversiana Pall. are designated here, as well as a second-step lectotype for K. brevifolia R. Br. The distribution of all species is updated based on the revision and proper identification of many herbarium specimens and field observations. The distribution of M. brevifolia in Chile is here expanded. New synonyms for Bassia scoparia are proposed. A preliminary key to the genera of Chenopodiaceae in South America is also presented.

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Taxonomic revision of the genus Monastria Saussure, 1864 (Blattodea: Blaberidae, Blaberinae) from the South American Atlantic forest, with the descriptions of five new species

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4524.3.5 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4524 (3) ◽

pp. 359

Author(s):

VITOR DIAS TARLI ◽

PHILIPPE GRANDCOLAS ◽

ROSELI PELLENS

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Sexual Dimorphism ◽

Atlantic Forest ◽

Male Genitalia ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

New Combination ◽

South American ◽

The Third ◽

Juvenile Stages ◽

First Time

The genus Monastria Saussure, 1864 includes medium to large sized (40–55 mm) dark brown or black cockroaches found in the understory of the Neotropical Atlantic Forest from the Northeast of Brazil to Paraguay and Argentina. The genus shows evident sexual dimorphism: males are elongated with fully developed wings extending beyond the apex of cerci and females are oval and brachypterous. This study is a revision of the genus with redescription of the three already known species, Monastria biguttata (Thunberg, 1826), Monastria similis (Serville, 1838) and Monastria angulata Saussure, 1864, and description of five new ones, Monastria itubera sp. n. and Monastria itabuna sp. n. from state of Bahia, Monastria cabocla sp. n. from state of Sergipe, Monastria kaingangue sp. n. from state of São Paulo and Monastria sagittata sp. n. from state of Minas Gerais. The morphology of the genus and all species is described in details, including male genitalia. Based on this revision, we proposed a new combination for Hiereoblatta papillosa (Thunberg, 1826) comb. n., excluding it from the genus Monastria. For the first time, the juvenile stages of Monastria are characterized and compared to other genera of Blaberinae of the Atlantic forest. Three determination keys are provided. The two first are aimed at identifying the adults and juvenile stages of the five genera of the Blaberinae radiation endemic to the Atlantic forest, respectively. The third concerns the identification of the species of the genus Monastria. A map indicating the localities where species were sampled is also provided.

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