Taxonomic Revision of Euphrasia (Orobanchaceae) in South America

2021 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 392-423
Author(s):  
Ana Verónica Ortiz ◽  
Pablo Moroni ◽  
Fabiana Mirra ◽  
Rosa María Villanueva Espinoza ◽  
Nataly O'Leary
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Arduous Task ◽  
First Time

Morphological boundaries between South American species of Euphrasia L. are controversial, rendering determination of specimens an arduous task. In this context, a comprehensive taxonomic revision of Euphrasia in South America is here provided for the first time. This study, based upon a classical morphological study of ca. 400 herbarium specimens, supports the recognition of eight species and one subspecies distributed in the Andean regions of Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile. From among native species, six belong to section Trifidae Benth. and one to the monotypic section Paradoxae Pugsley, endemic to Juan Fernández Islands; one adventive species, E. officinalis L., belongs to the section Euphrasia. The previously misunderstood presence of E. cockayniana Petrie is here untangled, and, consequently, the species is excluded from South America. A key to all Euphrasia taxa in South America, plus morphological descriptions, nomenclature items, geographical distribution and maps, habitat notes, illustrations, photographs, and discussion notes are included for the nine taxa. Eleven names are here synonymized, and lectotypes are designated for E. andicola Benth., E. debilis Wettst., E. flavicans Phil., E. intricata Phil., and E. philippii Wettst. Euphrasia andicola is reported for the first time for Argentina. This collaborative effort will represent a baseline for further investigations on Euphrasia in South America.

scholarly journals Primer registro de Agave sisalana (Agavaceae, Asparagales) para Colombia

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 490-498
Author(s):  
Diego Giraldo-Cañas
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Yucatan Peninsula ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Reproductive Characteristics ◽  
Agave Fourcroydes ◽  
First Time ◽  
Agave Sisalana

Agave sisalana Perrine, a native species from Yucatán Peninsula (Mexico), is recorded for the first time for Colombia. It is morphologically related to Agave fourcroydes Lem. and Agave pax Giraldo-Cañas, but clearly differs from it in various vegetative and reproductive characteristics, which are given. Thus, a total of ten species of Agave are currently known in South America, seven are native and three are naturalized. A key for the South American species is included.

scholarly journals The genus Uroleucon (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Macrosiphini) in Argentina, with descriptions of five new species

2007 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan M. Nieto Nafría ◽  
M. Pilar Mier Durante ◽  
Jaime Ortego ◽  
M. Victoria Seco Fernández
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Introduced Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Palearctic Species ◽  
First Time

AbstractUroleucon is one of the largest genera of Macrosiphini, with 216 known species; it is one of the few genera of Aphidinae to have a diversification in South America, with 15 native species and 1 subspecies. Moreover, 7 introduced species have been recorded in South America. Five new species from Argentina are described herein: Uroleucon malarguense Ortego and Nieto Nafría, sp. nov., U. mendocinum Mier Durante and Ortego, sp. nov., U. patagonicum Nieto Nafría and Seco Fernández, sp. nov., U. payuniense Ortego and Nieto Nafría, sp. nov., and U. riojanum Nieto Nafría and Mier Durante, sp. nov. One Palearctic species, U. jaceae (Linnaeus), has been recorded for the first time in South America, and thus 28 species and 1 subspecies are now known from South America. Uroleucon essigi Carvalho and U. chilense (Essig) are recorded for the first time from Argentina, and 20 of these 29 taxa are known for this country. New morphological and bionomic data from some previously known species are given. Alate viviparous females of U. gochnatiae Delfino and oviparae and males of U. bereticum (Blanchard) and U. macolai (Blanchard) are described. A taxonomic discussion about native South American species of Uroleucon is given, and we include them at present in the subgenus Lambersius. A key is provided for the identification of apterous and alate viviparous females.

Redefinition of the vittata species group of Epicauta Dejean (1834) (Coleoptera: Meloidae) and taxonomic revision of the species from southern South America

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2824 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARÍA PAULA CAMPOS-SOLDINI ◽  
SERGIO ALBERTO ROIG-JUÑENT
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Species Group ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Northern South America ◽  
First Time

The Epicauta vittata group are commonly known as striped blister beetles and was defined by previous authors to include 32 species, 18 from North America, Central America and northern South America, and 14 from southern South America. In the present revision we revised 22 species from South America, excluding the following southern South American species: E. borgmeieri Denier, 1935; E. floydwerneri Martínez, 1955; E. franciscana Denier, 1935; E. fulginosa (Oliver, 1795); E. purpureiceps (Berg, 1889); E. rutilifrons Borchmann, 1930; and E. zebra (Dohrn, 1876) because they do not have the diagnostic characters of the group. The species of the E. vittata group from southern South America are: E. bosqi Denier, 1935; E. clericalis (Berg, 1881); E. grammica (Fischer, 1827); E. leopardina (Haag-Rutemberg, 1880); E. luteolineata Pic, 1933; E. missionum (Berg, 1881); E. monachica (Berg, 1883); E. rutilifrons Borchmann, 1930; plus two more species E. excavata (Klug, 1825); and E. semivittata (Fairmaire, 1875) until now not included in other groups. We provide a complete diagnosis of the E. vittata group from southern South America, redescribing and illustrating all included species. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of female and male genitalia are presented for the first time for these species. Finally, we provide an identification key for the ten species presently included in the E. vittata group, and update the geographic distribution of each species.

Comparative anatomy of the gut of the South American species of Amitermes, with description of two new species and an identification key based on soldiers and workers

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4751 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-104
Author(s):  
MAURICIO M. ROCHA ◽  
ELIANA M. CANCELLO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Comparative Anatomy ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
First Time

In this contribution we present updates on the taxonomy and morphology of the South American species of Amitermes. Two new species are described: Amitermes bandeirai, sp. n., from Brazil, and Amitermes lilloi, sp. n., from Argentina. Amitermes nordestinus is a junior synonym of Amitermes aporema. The imago of A. aporema is described for the first time. Detailed comparative gut anatomy of the eight species is presented for the first time. The geographic distribution of Amitermes in South America is expanded and the distribution patterns of some species are discussed. 

Redescription and new records of Ontholestes brasilianus Bernhauer, 1906 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae) 

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4388 (1) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
VINÍCIUS COSTA-SILVA ◽  
ANGÉLICO ASENJO ◽  
ALFRED F. NEWTON ◽  
PATRICIA J. THYSSEN
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
New Records ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Palearctic Species ◽  
Mistaken Identification ◽  
North And South America ◽  
First Time ◽  
North And South

The genus Ontholestes Ganglbauer includes 35 species distributed mainly in Eurasia, with a few additional species in Africa and North and South America (Herman, 2001; Yang & Zhou, 2012; Smetana & Shavrin, 2013; Rougemont, 2016). According to Asenjo et al. (2013), the South American record of the Palearctic species Ontholestes murinus (Linnaeus, 1758) for Brazil made by J. Guérin (1953) seems doubtful. Ontholestes murinus was recorded for the first time outside the Palaearctic region by Smetana (1981), from Newfoundland, in Canada, as an adventive species (e.g., Downie and Arnett, 1996; Brunke et al., 2011), but its occurrence in Brazil remains to be confirmed; if the Guérin (1953) record was based on a mistaken identification or mislabeled specimen, this would reduce the number of species distributed in this region from two to one. With respect to O. brasilianus Bernhauer, although it has been confirmed for Peru, Brazil and Argentina (Herman, 2001; Asenjo et al., 2013; Newton, 2015; Newton & Caron, 2015), no specific localities of occurrence have been reported since its description in 1906. Thus, to solve problems of misidentification with Neotropical species of this genus, in this study we redescribe Ontholestes brasilianus and provide the first illustrations of the beetle including its aedeagus and a short key for South American species. Additionally, new records from South America are listed here. 

A taxonomic revision of the South American species of Pseudocanthon Bates, 1887 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5027 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-86
Author(s):  
EVERTON E. NAZARÉ-SILVA ◽  
FERNANDO A.B. SILVA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
South America ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Three New Species

The South American species of Pseudocanthon Bates, 1887 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini) are reviewed. In this work, 10 valid species and two subspecies are recognized for the genus. Among these species, five are recorded in South America, including three new species: P. perplexus (LeConte, 1847), P. xanthurus (Blanchard, 1847), P. vazdemelloi new species, P. pantanensis new species, and P. chaquensis new species. A lectotype is designated for P. xanthurus (Blanchard, 1847). In this revision, each species is analyzed as follows: a detailed literature review, an identification key for the South American species, a diagnosis, descriptions, illustrations of key morphological characters, list of examined material, and geographic distribution.  

On the taxonomy of southern South American species of the wolf spider genus Allocosa (Araneae: Lycosidae: Allocosinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4216 (3) ◽  
pp. 261 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIGUEL SIMÓ ◽  
ARNO A. LISE ◽  
GABRIEL POMPOZZI ◽  
ÁLVARO LABORDA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Posterior Margin ◽  
Wolf Spider ◽  
South American ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species

Three species of the genus Allocosa Banks, 1900 from southern South America are redescribed: Allocosa alticeps (Mello-Leitão, 1944), A. brasiliensis (Petrunkevitch, 1910) and A. senex (Mello-Leitão, 1945). The female of A. senex is described for the first time and the species is revalidated. A new species, A. marindia sp. nov. from southern Uruguay and southern Brazil is described. The new species is distinguished by the flattened terminal apophysis of the male bulb and the conspicuous pointed projections on the posterior margin of the female epigynum. The species inhabits in sandy estuarine and oceanic coasts with psammophile vegetation. 

scholarly journals Morfología comparada de diez taxones del género Celtis (Cannabaceae) del Cono Sur Sudamericano

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-244
Author(s):  
Débora C. Chamorro ◽  
Henrique B. Zamengo ◽  
Virginia Y. Mogni ◽  
Roseli B. Torres ◽  
André L. Gaglioti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Morphological Plasticity ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Specimen Collection ◽  
Morphological Differences

The genus Celtis L. (Cannabaceae) comprises around 73 species distributed in temperate and tropical regions of both hemispheres. Most South American species belong to the subgenus Mertensia Planch., and they are characterized by showing high morphological plasticity. A recent taxonomic revision of this group was carried out with an excessively reductionist criterion regarding the number of accepted species and that does not clearly reflect the morphological differences among them. In order to contribute to the correct delimitation of the specific entities, a morpho-descriptive approach is presented for ten taxa of the genus Celtis (C. brasiliensis, C. chichape, C. clausseniana, C. fluminensis, C. pallida var. pallida, C pallida var. discolor, C. serratissima, C. spinosa, C. spinosissima and C. tala) growing in South American Southern Cone. The morphology was analyzed through the use of a stereomicroscope and/or the tpsDig program for digital images of specimens. As a result, a key is provided for the determination of the aforementioned species and a detailed morphological description of the vegetative (habit, bark, branches, spines, brachyblasts, indumentum and leaves) and reproductive structures (inflorescences, flowers, fruits and endocarp -pyrene-). In addition, a specimen collection guide is proposed with a list of the main morphological characters that should be observed in the field, to facilitate future identifications.

Toward an Updated Taxonomy of the South American Chenopodiaceae I: Subfamilies Betoideae, Camphorosmoideae, and Salsoloideae

2021 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 10-30
Author(s):  
Nicolás F. Brignone ◽  
Silvia S. Denham
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
South American ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
The South ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Salsola Kali ◽  
New Synonyms

This paper is the first in a projected series of publications treating the Chenopodiaceae in South America. We present here a taxonomic revision of subfamilies Betoideae, Camphorosmoideae, and Salsoloideae in South America, where all representatives of these subfamilies are introduced. Our research is based on the study of herbarium material, type specimens, digital images, original publications, and field observations. The South American Chenopodiaceae flora includes only Beta vulgaris L. from Betoideae, Bassia hyssopifolia (Pall.) Kuntze, Bassia scoparia (L.) A. J. Scott, and Maireana brevifolia (R. Br.) P. G. Wilson from Camphorosmoideae, and Salsola kali L., Salsola tragus L., and Soda inermis Fourr. from Salsoloideae. Lectotypes for Echinopsilon reuterianus Boiss., Kochia alata Bates, K. parodii Aellen, K. parodii var. elongata Aellen, K. parodii var. densa Aellen, K. parodii var. glabrescens Aellen, and Suaeda sieversiana Pall. are designated here, as well as a second-step lectotype for K. brevifolia R. Br. The distribution of all species is updated based on the revision and proper identification of many herbarium specimens and field observations. The distribution of M. brevifolia in Chile is here expanded. New synonyms for Bassia scoparia are proposed. A preliminary key to the genera of Chenopodiaceae in South America is also presented.

Synopsis of the genus Atriplex (Amaranthaceae, Chenopodioideae) for South America

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolás F. Brignone ◽  
Silvia S. Denham ◽  
Raúl Pozner
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Digital Images ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Second Step ◽  
South American ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
South American Species ◽  
New Synonym ◽  
Nomenclatural Change

This is the first integrative synopsis of the genus Atriplex L. for South America, based on the study of compared external morphology of extensive collections from South American herbaria, type material, digital images, original publications and field observations. The South American Atriplex flora includes 55 species, 45 of which are native species, mainly distributed in Argentina and Chile (a few of them growing in Bolivia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela), and 10 are adventive species. We accept two subspecies for Atriplex cordubensis Gand. & Stuck., namely, subsp. cordubensis and subsp. grandibracteata Múlgura, two varieties for A. imbricata D.Dietr., var. imbricata and var. foliolosa Rosas, proposed one new synonym for A. deserticola Phil., one nomenclatural change for A. mucronata Phil., and designate 19 lectotypes and one second-step lectotype for A. nummularia Lindl. This synopsis also includes a key to the 55 South American species, three new figures for A. asplundii Standl., A. oestophora S.F.Blake and A. rusbyi Britton, references for previous figures of the remaining species, illustrations of different positions of the radicle in the seeds, maps of distribution, taxonomic and morphological notes, and a complete list of material studied.

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