scholarly journals The Spread of Carbapenemase Genes in Klebsiellapneumoniae in Iran: a Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Amin Sadeghi Dousari ◽  
Naghmeh Satarzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Human Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Global Spread ◽  
Severe Infections

Introduction: The emergence and global spread of carbapenemases produced by Klebsiella pneumoniae is a serious problem to health services worldwide. K. pneumoniae, belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family, is commonly found in the human gastrointestinal tract and environment, especially in the hospital environment. Carbapenem is administered as the first treatment for severe infections created by multi-drug resistant K. pneumoniae. Despite the fact that the carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae has become more prevalent in Iran, few investigations have probed into the prevalence of different carbapenemase genes in Iran. Method: The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of carbapenemase genes in K. pneumoniae from 2010 to 2018 in Iran. PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for the articles published between 2010 and 2018 in Iran. Results: A total of 25 papers published between 2012 and 2018 were selected. The highest frequency of blaNDM, blaIMP, blaVIM, blaKPC and, blaOXA48 genes were related to cities of Shiraz in 2017 [23 (26.14%)], Hamedan in 2017 [2 (50%)], Babol in 2015 [15 (41.66%)], Isfahan in 2013 [65 (44.83%)] and, and Isfahan in 2018 [90 (76.27%)], respectively. The results showed that the frequency of blaNDM, blaOXA48, and blaIMP genes increased in 2017 and 2018, and there was an increase in the frequency of the blaVIM gene in 2014 and 2015, and the blaKPC gene in 2013. The highest percentage of carbapenemases genes isolated in Iran were related to blaKPC [145 (37.08%)], blaOXA48 [118 (30.18%)], and blaNDM [88 (22.51%)], and the lowest percentages were reported in blaIMP [4 (1.02%)], and blaVIM [36 (9.21%)], respectively. Conclusion: The results of our review showed that blaNDM and blaOXA48 carbapenemase genes have been increasing in Iran, and it seems that traveling is one of the most important factors in the transmission of carbapenemase genes.

scholarly journals Characterization of a DHA-1-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Strain Involved in an Outbreak and Role of the AmpR Regulator in Virulence

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 288-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Hennequin ◽  
Frédéric Robin ◽  
Nadège Cabrolier ◽  
Richard Bonnet ◽  
Christiane Forestier
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Disk Diffusion Assay ◽  
Severe Infections ◽  
Type 3

ABSTRACTA clonal strain ofKlebsiella pneumoniaeproducing the plasmid-encoded cephalosporinase DHA-1 was isolated from four patients admitted to the teaching hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, France, in 2006. It was responsible for severe infections in three of the patients; the fourth was colonized only in the gastrointestinal tract. The strain had at least two plasmids encoding resistance to antibiotics (quinolones, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, and trimethoprim), as shown by disk diffusion assay, and harbored only a few genes for virulence factors (wabGandmrkD), as shown by PCRs. DHA-1 synthesis is regulated by an upstream, divergently transcribed gene,ampR, which is also involved in the expression of virulence factors inPseudomonas aeruginosa. To investigate the role of AmpR inK. pneumoniae, we cloned the wild-typeampRgene from the DHA-1 clonal isolate into a previously characterizedK. pneumoniaebackground plasmid-cured strain, CH608.ampRwas also introduced into a CH608 isogenic mutant deleted ofampD, in which AmpR is present only in its activator form, resulting in constitutive hyperproduction of the β-lactamase. We showed thatampRwas involved in the upregulation of capsule synthesis and therefore in resistance to killing by serum. AmpR also modulated biofilm formation and type 3 fimbrial gene expression, as well as colonization of the murine gastrointestinal tract and adhesion to HT-29 intestinal epithelial cells. These results show the pleiotropic role ofampRin the pathogenesis process ofK. pneumoniae.

scholarly journals Application of a Novel PM Model to Assess the Risk of Clostridioides difficile Infections in Medical Facilities as a Tool for Improving the Quality of Health Services and the Safety of Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 441
Author(s):  
Zofia Maria Kiersnowska ◽  
Ewelina Lemiech-Mirowska ◽  
Aleksandra Sierocka ◽  
Michał Zawadzki ◽  
Michał Michałkiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Medical Facility ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Hospital Unit ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile

Infections with multi-drug resistant microorganisms associated with the provision of health services have become an acute problem worldwide. These infections cause increased morbidity as well as mortality and are a financial burden for the healthcare system. Effective risk management can reduce the spread of infections and thus minimize their number in hospitalized patients. We have developed a new approach to the analysis of hazards and of exposure to the risk of adverse events by linking the patient’s health record system to the entire infrastructure of the hospital unit. In this study, using the developed model, we focused on infections caused by the Clostridioides difficile bacterium, as they constitute a significant number of nosocomial infections in Poland and worldwide. The study was conducted in a medical facility located in the central part of Poland which provides tertiary care. In the proposed PM model, a risk analysis of hospital acquired infections at the Intensive Care and Anesthesiology Unit combined with the hospital’s technical facilities and organizational factors was conducted. The obtained results indicate the most critical events which may have an impact on potential hazards or risks which may result from the patient’s stay at the specific ward. Our method can be combined with an anti-problem approach, which minimizes the critical level of infection in order to determine the optimal functioning of the entire hospital unit. Research has shown that in most situations the spread dynamics of nosocomial infections can be controlled and their elimination may be attempted. In order to meet these conditions, the persons responsible for the daily operation of the medical facility and its individual wards have to indicate potential events and factors which present a risk to the hospitalized patients. On the basis of a created spreadsheet directions for improvement may be finally established for all potential events, their frequency may be minimized, and information may be obtained on actions which should be undertaken in a crisis situation caused by the occurrence of a given phenomenon. We believe that the proposed method is effective in terms of risk reduction, which is important for preventing the transmission of multi-drug resistant microorganisms in the hospital environment.

scholarly journals First Report on a Hyperepidemic Clone of KPC-3-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Israel Genetically Related to a Strain Causing Outbreaks in the United States

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 818-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiri Navon-Venezia ◽  
Azita Leavitt ◽  
Mitchell J. Schwaber ◽  
J. Kamile Rasheed ◽  
Arjun Srinivasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
The United States ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Clone ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
First Report ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
Global Spread

ABSTRACT A highly epidemic carbapenem-resistant clone of KPC-3-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae emerged in Israel in 2006, causing a nationwide outbreak. This clone was genetically related to outbreak strains from the United States isolated in 2000 but differed in KPC-carrying plasmids. The threat of the global spread of hyperepidemic, extensively drug-resistant bacterial strains should be recognized and confronted.

The Design of a Hydraulic Suction Tube for Peroral Biopsy of the Human Gastrointestinal Tract

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne E. Quinton ◽  
Arnold L. Flick ◽  
Cyrus E. Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Human Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Suction Tube

The Host Genotype Affects the Bacterial Community in the Human Gastrointestinal Tract

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwin G. Zoetendal ◽  
Antoon D. L. Akkermans ◽  
Wilma M. Akkermans-van Vliet ◽  
J. Arjan G. M. De Visser ◽  
Willem M. De Vos
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Human Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Host Genotype

Meta-Analysis and Time Series Modeling Allow a Systematic Review of Primary HIV-1 Drug-Resistant Prevalence in Latin America and Caribbean

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Coelho ◽  
Ronald Moura ◽  
Ronaldo Silva ◽  
Anselmo Kamada ◽  
Rafael Guimaraes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Time Series Modeling ◽  
Latin America And Caribbean ◽  
Hiv 1

Food-grade titanium dioxide particles decrease the bioaccessibility of iron released from spinach leaves in simulated human gastrointestinal tract

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyang Li ◽  
Chuanxin Ma ◽  
Heping Shang ◽  
Jason C. White ◽  
David Julian McClements ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Human Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Food Grade ◽  
Spinach Leaves

E171 reduced Fe bioaccessibility of spinach in a simulated gastrointestinal tract via two mechanisms: the inhibition of α-amylase activity and adsorption of released Fe from spinach.

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