Effect of aerobic exercise training along with omega-3 supplementation on CRP and IL-6 in obese older women

Endothelial function deteriorates with aging. On the other hand, exercise training improves the function of vascular endothelial cells. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), which is produced by vascular endothelial cells, has potent constrictor and proliferative activity in vascular smooth muscle cells and, therefore, has been implicated in regulation of vascular tonus and progression of atherosclerosis. We previously reported significantly higher plasma ET-1 concentration in middle-aged than in young humans, and recently we showed that plasma ET-1 concentration was significantly decreased by aerobic exercise training in healthy young humans. We hypothesized that plasma ET-1 concentration increases with age, even in healthy adults, and that lifestyle modification (i.e., exercise) can reduce plasma ET-1 concentration in previously sedentary older adults. We measured plasma ET-1 concentration in healthy young women (21–28 yr old), healthy middle-aged women (31–47 yr old), and healthy older women (61–69 yr old). The plasma level of ET-1 significantly increased with aging (1.02 ± 0.08, 1.33 ± 0.11, and 2.90 ± 0.20 pg/ml in young, middle-aged, and older women, respectively). Thus plasma ET-1 concentration was markedly higher in healthy older women than in healthy young or middle-aged women (by ∼3- and 2-fold, respectively). In healthy older women, we also measured plasma ET-1 concentration after 3 mo of aerobic exercise (cycling on a leg ergometer at 80% of ventilatory threshold for 30 min, 5 days/wk). Regular exercise significantly decreased plasma ET-1 concentration in the healthy older women (2.22 ± 0.16 pg/ml, P < 0.01) and also significantly reduced their blood pressure. The present study suggests that regular aerobic-endurance exercise reduces plasma ET-1 concentration in older humans, and this reduction in plasma ET-1 concentration may have beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system (i.e., prevention of progression of hypertension and/or atherosclerosis by endogenous ET-1).

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Molecular Adaptations to Aerobic Exercise Training in Skeletal Muscle of Older Women

The Journals of Gerontology Series A ◽

10.1093/gerona/glq109 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 65A (11) ◽

pp. 1201-1207 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

A. R. Konopka ◽

M. D. Douglass ◽

L. A. Kaminsky ◽

B. Jemiolo ◽

T. A. Trappe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Older Women ◽

Aerobic Exercise Training

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Moderate Aerobic Exercise Training Increases Basal Production of Nitric Oxide in Older Women

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/00005768-200405001-00742 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 36 (Supplement) ◽

pp. S156

Author(s):

Seiji Maeda ◽

Takumi Tanabe ◽

Takeshi Otsuki ◽

Jun Sugawara ◽

Motoyuki Iemitsu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Older Women ◽

Aerobic Exercise Training

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Moderate Aerobic Exercise Training Increases Basal Production of Nitric Oxide in Older Women

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1097/00005768-200405001-00742 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 36 (Supplement) ◽

pp. S156

Author(s):

Seiji Maeda ◽

Takumi Tanabe ◽

Takeshi Otsuki ◽

Jun Sugawara ◽

Motoyuki Iemitsu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Older Women ◽

Aerobic Exercise Training

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Abstract P125: Aerobic Exercise Training Reduces Postprandial Thermogenesis in Older Women

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.133.suppl_1.p125 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 133 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Xuewen Wang ◽

Kimberly Bowyer ◽

Ryan Porter ◽

Charity Breneman ◽

Sabra Custer

Keyword(s):

Energy Expenditure ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Older Women ◽

Aerobic Exercise Training ◽

Thermic Effect Of Food ◽

Effect Of Food ◽

Postprandial Thermogenesis ◽

Response To Exercise ◽

Thermic Effect

Introduction: Thermic effect of food is a component of total daily energy expenditure (TDEE). Some literature suggests lower postprandial rise in energy expenditure predicts future weight gain. It is also known that other components of TDEE, resting metabolic rate (RMR) and free-living physical activity energy expenditure, are prone to change in response to exercise training. However, most studies estimate thermic effect of food as a proportion of TDEE and thus have not evaluated whether changes in postprandial thermogenesis occur in response to exercise training. The objective of this study was to determine whether postprandial thermogenesis changed after completing aerobic exercise training in older women. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that the postprandial thermogenesis decreases in sedentary older women who complete 16-week aerobic exercise training. Methods: Sedentary older women (n = 47; age = 65.1 ± 4.3 years) completed 16-week moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training. RMR and 5-hour postprandial thermogenesis following ingesting the same meal, before and at the end of training, was measured via indirect calorimetry. The meal consisted of approximately 40% of each woman’s RMR at baseline. Postprandial thermogenesis was calculated as area under the curve. TDEE was also measured using doubly labelled water before and at the end of training. Results: After exercise training, RMR and TDEE did not change (p > 0.05 for both). Total postprandial thermogenesis (from 287 ±36 to 276 ± 40 kcal for 5 hours, p = 0.008) and postprandial thermogenesis in the first hour (from 69.9±8.7 to 66.3±8.1 kcal, p = 0.05) decreased significantly. The ratios of total and first-hour postprandial thermogenesis to TDEE also decreased (p = 0.026 and 0.013, respectively). Conclusion: Postprandial thermogenesis following the same meal reduced after aerobic training in older women. This adaptive change may contribute to an individual’s ability to defend the body’s energy store.

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Aerobic exercise training improves whole muscle and single myofiber size and function in older women

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.00354.2009 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 297 (5) ◽

pp. R1452-R1459 ◽

Cited By ~ 117

Author(s):

Matthew P. Harber ◽

Adam R. Konopka ◽

Matthew D. Douglass ◽

Kiril Minchev ◽

Leonard A. Kaminsky ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Exercise Training ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Older Women ◽

Peak Power ◽

Protein Concentration ◽

Aerobic Exercise Training ◽

Mhc I ◽

Fiber Size ◽

And Function ◽

Mhc Iia

To comprehensively assess the influence of aerobic training on muscle size and function, we examined seven older women (71 ± 2 yr) before and after 12 wk of cycle ergometer training. The training program increased ( P < 0.05) aerobic capacity by 30 ± 6%. Quadriceps muscle volume, determined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), was 12 ± 2% greater ( P < 0.05) after training and knee extensor power increased 55 ± 7% ( P < 0.05). Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis to determine size and contractile properties of individual slow (MHC I) and fast (MHC IIa) myofibers, myosin light chain (MLC) composition, and muscle protein concentration. Aerobic training increased ( P < 0.05) MHC I fiber size 16 ± 5%, while MHC IIa fiber size was unchanged. MHC I peak power was elevated 21 ± 8% ( P < 0.05) after training, while MHC IIa peak power was unaltered. Peak force (Po) was unchanged in both fiber types, while normalized force (Po/cross-sectional area) was 10% lower ( P < 0.05) for both MHC I and MHC IIa fibers after training. The decrease in normalized force was likely related to a reduction ( P < 0.05) in myofibrillar protein concentration after training. In the absence of an increase in Po, the increase in MHC I peak power was mediated through an increased ( P < 0.05) maximum contraction velocity (Vo) of MHC I fibers only. The relative proportion of MLC1s (Pre: 0.62 ± 0.01; Post: 0.58 ± 0.01) was lower ( P < 0.05) in MHC I myofibers after training, while no differences were present for MLC2s and MLC3f isoforms. These data indicate that aerobic exercise training improves muscle function through remodeling the contractile properties at the myofiber level, in addition to pronounced muscle hypertrophy. Progressive aerobic exercise training should be considered a viable exercise modality to combat sarcopenia in the elderly population.

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