scholarly journals Aerobic exercise training improves whole muscle and single myofiber size and function in older women

2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (5) ◽  
pp. R1452-R1459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew P. Harber ◽  
Adam R. Konopka ◽  
Matthew D. Douglass ◽  
Kiril Minchev ◽  
Leonard A. Kaminsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Mhc I ◽  
Fiber Size ◽  
And Function ◽  
Mhc Iia

To comprehensively assess the influence of aerobic training on muscle size and function, we examined seven older women (71 ± 2 yr) before and after 12 wk of cycle ergometer training. The training program increased ( P < 0.05) aerobic capacity by 30 ± 6%. Quadriceps muscle volume, determined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), was 12 ± 2% greater ( P < 0.05) after training and knee extensor power increased 55 ± 7% ( P < 0.05). Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis to determine size and contractile properties of individual slow (MHC I) and fast (MHC IIa) myofibers, myosin light chain (MLC) composition, and muscle protein concentration. Aerobic training increased ( P < 0.05) MHC I fiber size 16 ± 5%, while MHC IIa fiber size was unchanged. MHC I peak power was elevated 21 ± 8% ( P < 0.05) after training, while MHC IIa peak power was unaltered. Peak force (Po) was unchanged in both fiber types, while normalized force (Po/cross-sectional area) was 10% lower ( P < 0.05) for both MHC I and MHC IIa fibers after training. The decrease in normalized force was likely related to a reduction ( P < 0.05) in myofibrillar protein concentration after training. In the absence of an increase in Po, the increase in MHC I peak power was mediated through an increased ( P < 0.05) maximum contraction velocity (Vo) of MHC I fibers only. The relative proportion of MLC1s (Pre: 0.62 ± 0.01; Post: 0.58 ± 0.01) was lower ( P < 0.05) in MHC I myofibers after training, while no differences were present for MLC2s and MLC3f isoforms. These data indicate that aerobic exercise training improves muscle function through remodeling the contractile properties at the myofiber level, in addition to pronounced muscle hypertrophy. Progressive aerobic exercise training should be considered a viable exercise modality to combat sarcopenia in the elderly population.

scholarly journals Aerobic exercise training induces skeletal muscle hypertrophy and age-dependent adaptations in myofiber function in young and older men

2012 ◽  
Vol 113 (9) ◽  
pp. 1495-1504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew P. Harber ◽  
Adam R. Konopka ◽  
Miranda K. Undem ◽  
James M. Hinkley ◽  
Kiril Minchev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Mhc I ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Mhc Iia

To examine potential age-specific adaptations in skeletal muscle size and myofiber contractile physiology in response to aerobic exercise, seven young (YM; 20 ± 1 yr) and six older men (OM; 74 ± 3 yr) performed 12 wk of cycle ergometer training. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis to determine size and contractile properties of isolated slow [myosin heavy chain (MHC) I] and fast (MHC IIa) myofibers, MHC composition, and muscle protein concentration. Aerobic capacity was higher ( P < 0.05) after training in both YM (16 ± 2%) and OM (13 ± 3%). Quadriceps muscle volume, determined via MRI, was 5 ± 1 and 6 ± 1% greater ( P < 0.05) after training for YM and OM, respectively, which was associated with an increase in MHC I myofiber cross-sectional area (CSA), independent of age. MHC I peak power was higher ( P < 0.05) after training for both YM and OM, while MHC IIa peak power was increased ( P < 0.05) with training in OM only. MHC I and MHC IIa myofiber peak and normalized (peak force/CSA) force were preserved with training in OM, while MHC I peak force/CSA and MHC IIa peak force were lower ( P < 0.05) after training in YM. The age-dependent adaptations in myofiber function were not due to changes in protein content, as total muscle protein and myofibrillar protein concentration were unchanged ( P > 0.05) with training. Training reduced ( P < 0.05) the proportion of MHC IIx isoform, independent of age, whereas no other changes in MHC composition were observed. These data suggest relative improvements in muscle size and aerobic capacity are similar between YM and OM, while adaptations in myofiber contractile function showed a general improvement in OM. Training-related increases in MHC I and MHC IIa peak power reveal that skeletal muscle of OM is responsive to aerobic exercise training and further support the use of aerobic exercise for improving cardiovascular and skeletal muscle health in older individuals.

Aerobic exercise training reduces plasma endothelin-1 concentration in older women

2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 336-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiji Maeda ◽  
Takumi Tanabe ◽  
Takashi Miyauchi ◽  
Takeshi Otsuki ◽  
Jun Sugawara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Endothelin 1

Endothelial function deteriorates with aging. On the other hand, exercise training improves the function of vascular endothelial cells. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), which is produced by vascular endothelial cells, has potent constrictor and proliferative activity in vascular smooth muscle cells and, therefore, has been implicated in regulation of vascular tonus and progression of atherosclerosis. We previously reported significantly higher plasma ET-1 concentration in middle-aged than in young humans, and recently we showed that plasma ET-1 concentration was significantly decreased by aerobic exercise training in healthy young humans. We hypothesized that plasma ET-1 concentration increases with age, even in healthy adults, and that lifestyle modification (i.e., exercise) can reduce plasma ET-1 concentration in previously sedentary older adults. We measured plasma ET-1 concentration in healthy young women (21–28 yr old), healthy middle-aged women (31–47 yr old), and healthy older women (61–69 yr old). The plasma level of ET-1 significantly increased with aging (1.02 ± 0.08, 1.33 ± 0.11, and 2.90 ± 0.20 pg/ml in young, middle-aged, and older women, respectively). Thus plasma ET-1 concentration was markedly higher in healthy older women than in healthy young or middle-aged women (by ∼3- and 2-fold, respectively). In healthy older women, we also measured plasma ET-1 concentration after 3 mo of aerobic exercise (cycling on a leg ergometer at 80% of ventilatory threshold for 30 min, 5 days/wk). Regular exercise significantly decreased plasma ET-1 concentration in the healthy older women (2.22 ± 0.16 pg/ml, P < 0.01) and also significantly reduced their blood pressure. The present study suggests that regular aerobic-endurance exercise reduces plasma ET-1 concentration in older humans, and this reduction in plasma ET-1 concentration may have beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system (i.e., prevention of progression of hypertension and/or atherosclerosis by endogenous ET-1).

scholarly journals Molecular Adaptations to Aerobic Exercise Training in Skeletal Muscle of Older Women

2010 ◽  
Vol 65A (11) ◽  
pp. 1201-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Konopka ◽  
M. D. Douglass ◽  
L. A. Kaminsky ◽  
B. Jemiolo ◽  
T. A. Trappe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training

Moderate Aerobic Exercise Training Increases Basal Production of Nitric Oxide in Older Women

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S156
Author(s):  
Seiji Maeda ◽  
Takumi Tanabe ◽  
Takeshi Otsuki ◽  
Jun Sugawara ◽  
Motoyuki Iemitsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training

Moderate Aerobic Exercise Training Increases Basal Production of Nitric Oxide in Older Women

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S156
Author(s):  
Seiji Maeda ◽  
Takumi Tanabe ◽  
Takeshi Otsuki ◽  
Jun Sugawara ◽  
Motoyuki Iemitsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training

Abstract P125: Aerobic Exercise Training Reduces Postprandial Thermogenesis in Older Women

Circulation ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 133 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuewen Wang ◽  
Kimberly Bowyer ◽  
Ryan Porter ◽  
Charity Breneman ◽  
Sabra Custer
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Thermic Effect Of Food ◽  
Effect Of Food ◽  
Postprandial Thermogenesis ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
Thermic Effect

Introduction: Thermic effect of food is a component of total daily energy expenditure (TDEE). Some literature suggests lower postprandial rise in energy expenditure predicts future weight gain. It is also known that other components of TDEE, resting metabolic rate (RMR) and free-living physical activity energy expenditure, are prone to change in response to exercise training. However, most studies estimate thermic effect of food as a proportion of TDEE and thus have not evaluated whether changes in postprandial thermogenesis occur in response to exercise training. The objective of this study was to determine whether postprandial thermogenesis changed after completing aerobic exercise training in older women. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that the postprandial thermogenesis decreases in sedentary older women who complete 16-week aerobic exercise training. Methods: Sedentary older women (n = 47; age = 65.1 ± 4.3 years) completed 16-week moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training. RMR and 5-hour postprandial thermogenesis following ingesting the same meal, before and at the end of training, was measured via indirect calorimetry. The meal consisted of approximately 40% of each woman’s RMR at baseline. Postprandial thermogenesis was calculated as area under the curve. TDEE was also measured using doubly labelled water before and at the end of training. Results: After exercise training, RMR and TDEE did not change (p > 0.05 for both). Total postprandial thermogenesis (from 287 ±36 to 276 ± 40 kcal for 5 hours, p = 0.008) and postprandial thermogenesis in the first hour (from 69.9±8.7 to 66.3±8.1 kcal, p = 0.05) decreased significantly. The ratios of total and first-hour postprandial thermogenesis to TDEE also decreased (p = 0.026 and 0.013, respectively). Conclusion: Postprandial thermogenesis following the same meal reduced after aerobic training in older women. This adaptive change may contribute to an individual’s ability to defend the body’s energy store.

Effects of aerobic exercise training and açai supplementation on cardiac structure and function in rats submitted to a high-fat diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 110168
Author(s):  
Victor Neiva Lavorato ◽  
Denise Coutinho de Miranda ◽  
Mauro César Isoldi ◽  
Filipe Rios Drummond ◽  
Leôncio Lopes Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Cardiac Structure ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Cardiac Structure And Function ◽  
And Function

Resistance training improves single muscle fiber contractile function in older women

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (2) ◽  
pp. C398-C406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Trappe ◽  
Michael Godard ◽  
Philip Gallagher ◽  
Chad Carroll ◽  
Greg Rowden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Single Muscle ◽  
Mhc I ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mhc Iia

The purpose of this study was to 1) examine single cell contractile mechanics of skeletal muscle before and after 12 wk of progressive resistance training (PRT) in older women ( n = 7; 74 ± 2 yr) and 2) to compare these results to our previously completed single cell PRT work with older men ( n = 7; 74 ± 2 yr) (Trappe S, Williamson D, Godard M, Porter D, Rowden G, and Costill D. J Applied Physiol 89:143–152, 2000). Knee extensor PRT was performed 3 days/wk at 80% of one-repetition maximum. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis before and after the PRT. Chemically skinned single muscle fibers ( n = 313) were studied at 15°C for peak tension (Po), unloaded shortening velocity ( V o), and power. Due to the low number of hybrid fibers identified post-PRT, direct comparisons were limited to MHC I and IIa fibers. Muscle fiber diameter increased 24% (90 ± 2 to 112 ± 6 μm; P < 0.05) in MHC I fibers with no change in MHC IIa fibers. Po increased ( P< 0.05) 33% in MHC I (0.76 ± 0.04 to 1.01 ± 0.09 mN) and 14% in MHC IIa (0.73 ± 0.04 to 0.83 ± 0.05 mN) fibers. Muscle fiber V o was unaltered in both fiber types with PRT. MHC I and IIa fiber power increased ( P< 0.05) 50% [11 ± 2 to 17 ± 2 μN · fiber length (FL) · s−1] and 25% (40 ± 8 to 51 ± 6 μN · FL · s−1), respectively. However, when peak power was normalized to cell size, no pre- to postimprovements were observed. These data indicate that PRT in elderly women increases muscle cell size, strength, and peak power in both slow and fast muscle fibers, which was similar to the older men. However, in contrast to the older men, no change in fiber V o or normalized power was observed in the older women. These data suggest that older men and women respond differently at the muscle cell level to the same resistance-training stimulus.

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