The Effect of deinoxanthin Isolated from Radioactivity-Resistant Bacteria on Expression of Bcl-2 Gene in Hela Cell Line

Background: After breast cancer, uterine cervical neoplasms is the most common cancer in women. It is believed that genetic factors are effective in developing cancer. Bcl-2 is a well-known anti-apoptosis gene that increases cell viability without stimulating effect on cellular proliferation. Today it attempts to use natural compounds to control or treat diseases. Carotenoids are one of these compounds. Deinoxanthin is a carotenoid isolated from Deinococcus radiodurans. Since this bacterium has a unique ability to withstand radiation, and radiation is a well-known cause of cancer carotenoid synthesized by bacterium is worthwhile. The aim of study is evaluating the effect of deinoxanthin on the expression of Bcl-2 in Hela cell line. Methods: Active culture of bacteria was purchased from Genetic and Biological Reserve of Iran then deinoxanthin was extracted. Hela was prepared of Pasteur Institute of Iran and cultured. Cells were divided into two treatment and control groups. Deinoxanthin was affected on the treatment group and its toxicity was measured using MTT. Real-time ­PCR was used to measure gene expression. RNA was extracted from two groups and cDNA was made. Results: Real-time PCR showed the anti-apoptotic expression of Bcl-2 decreased by 4/85 and given that p-value of 0/05 was (p-value=0) this decrease is significant. Conclusion: Regarding the results of Real-time PCR it can be concluded deinoxanthin extract has an inhibitory effect on the uterine cancer cell line has an inhibitory effect after 48 hours and the amount of anti-apoptotic expression of Bcl-2 has significantly decreased (p-value=0).

Study of pregnant women with high risk of fetus abnormalities by routine cytogenetics method (karyotyping) and molecular method (FISH) by using X and Y probs and comparing the advantages and disadvantages of these methods in the northwest of Iran's patients

Background: The health of the fetus during the 9 months of pregnancy is very important for every pregnant couple. Identifying carriers of the genetic diseases and their diagnosis before birth, controls the disease's prevalence and does not impose huge costs on the patient's family and community. This study aimed to evaluate the rapid prenatal diagnosis importance in the chromosomal abnormalities identification. Methods: 50 amniotic fluid samples were studied by karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Karyotyping was performed on me taphase chromosomes to identify all the chromosomal abnormalities and FISH detected chromosomal abnormalities by using X and Y probs, as the rapid method. Results: We identified one cases of Down syndrome (2%), three cases of extension in the polymorphism region of P arms of chromosome 15(15p+) (6%), one cases of extension in the polymorphism region of chromosome 9 (9 qh+) (2%), one case of peristaltic inversion in chromosome Y (2%), one case of XYY mosaic embryo, 46, XY /47, XYY variant (2%) and one case with the extra unknown segment on P arms of chromosome 15 (2%). Conclusion: FISH is a useful method with high sensitivity to provide rapid results for couples who don't have enough time to end their pregnancy legally. In cases of X-linked diseases, it is a reliable method to learn the sex of the fetus. FISH is not able to detect structural anomalies, therefore karyotyping is required for absolute right outcomes of chromosome abnormalities.

Effect of walking on sand on co-Contraction of the lower limb muscles in individuals with overpronated foot

Background: Foot pronation is in the open kinetic chain composed of eversion, abduction, and ankle dorsiflexion. Foot overpronation may be associated with different lower limb injuries. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of walking on the sand on co-Contraction of the lower limb muscles in individuals with overpronated foot. Methods: The present study was a semi-experimental and laboratory type. Thirty healthy individuals and 30 individuals with foot overpronation volunteered to participate in this study. Muscle activity was recorded by an 8-channel electromyography system with a surface electrode during walking on sand. Two-way ANOVA test was used for statistical analysis at the significant level P<0/05. Results: The results demonstrated lower ankle-directed co-Contraction during walking on sand compared with walking on level ground (P<0/001). Other components of ankle-directed co-Contraction did not demonstrate any significant differences between walking on sand compared with walking on level ground (P>0/05). Conclusion: Individuals with overpronated foot demonstrated lower ankle-directed co-Contraction during walking on sand compared with walking on stable level ground. Individuals with overpronated foot showed a greater ankle-directed co-Contraction than the healthy group. Decreased ankle-directed co-Contraction indicated a positive effect of walking on sand in individuals with foot overpronation.

Interactive effect of 6 weeks of High-intensity interval training and quercetin supplementation on expression of some tumor angiogenesis markers in female mice with breast cancer

Background: About angiogenesis, metastasis of breast cancer and exercise, Many studies have been done in recent decades to better understand of regulatory mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to investigate the Interactive effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and quercetin supplementation (Q) on the expression of key angiogenic factors in tumor tissue of mouse with breast cancer. Methods: Twenty-four female Balb/C mouse were injected with estrogen receptor-dependent breast cancer cells MC4L2 and then divided into three groups of tumor (T), tumor + of high-intensity interval training (TH) and tumor + high-intensity interval training + quercetin (THQ). The TH and THQ groups ran the treadmill 3 days a week for 6 weeks and each session 1 hour. The THQ group received 110 mg / kg quercetin solution for 6 weeks, 3 days a week with training. After completion of the work, the mouse were sacrificed and their tumor tissue removed and frozen in liquid nitrogen And stored at -70 ° C. Expression of TIE-2 and VEGF-A genes was measured by REAL TIME-PCR. ΔCt, ΔΔCt, and Fold change were calculated with the relevant statistical tests at the significant level (P <0.05) by GENEX software. Results: The results showed that THQ interaction significantly decreased the expression of TIE-2 and VEGF-A genes in TH and THQ groups compared to T group. In addition, quercetin in THQ group significantly decreased TIE-2 and VEGF-A gene expression compared to TH group. Conclusion: interaction of HIIT and Q supplementation are probably effective in inhibiting tumor angiogenesis.

Effect of iliopsoas muscle tightness on electromyographic activity of hip extensor synergists during gait

Background: Hip flexor muscles' tightness has been considered as one of the main risk factors for neuromuscular impairment of lower extremities not only lead to change the movement patterns but also probably result in changing the neuromuscular features of other muscles. The purpose of this research is study was to evaluate the iliopsoas tightness’ effect on electromyographic activity of hip extensor synergists during gait. Methods: In this case-control study fifteen 11-14 years old adolescents with iliopsoas tightness as experimental group, and 15 healthy adolescents which matched based on age, height, weight, body mass index, dominant leg and sport experience participated voluntarily as control group. Surface electromyographic activity of the gluteus maximus, adductor magnus and biceps femoris, were measured between groups during stance phase of gait. Results: Individuals with restricted hip flexor muscle length demonstrated more gluteus maximus activation during terminal stance (p=.001), more biceps femoris activation during mid stance (p=.002) and late stance (p=.001) and more adductor magnus activation during mid stance (p=.04) and late stance (p=.001). Conclusion: Adolescent soccer athletes with hip flexor muscle tightness exhibit more biceps femoris and adductor magnus and gluteus maximus activation during stance phase of gait. Thus, individuals with hip flexor muscle tightness appear to utilize different neuromuscular strategies to control lower extremity motion.

The acute effect of knee brace on the electromyography activity of lower limb muscles in individuals with genu valgus during walking

Background: Different factors affect walking biomechanics disturb the postural control. Genu valgus is one of the most important lower limb malalignments that affects the postural control and disrupts the posture. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the acute effect of knee brace on the electromyography activity of lower limb muscles in individuals with genu valgus during walking. Methods: In this semi-experimental and a laboratory typ study,. 24 boys with genu valgum (20-30 years old) volunteered to participate in the study. The electrical activity of the selected muscles was recorded by an electromyography system during walking with and without knee brace. Paired t-test was used for statistical analysis at a significance level of 0.05. Results: There was a significant increase in electrical activity of the semitendinosus muscle during walking with knee brace compared to walking without it (p = 0.037, d = 0.89). The electrical activity of other lower limb muscles did not show any significant differences during acute use of knee brace (P >0.05). Conclusion: The semitendinosus muscle in individuals with genu valgus is weak. Therefore, significant increase in the electrical activity of the semitendinosus muscle during wearing of knee brace means delaying the fatigue and indicating improvement in the muscular function.

Comparison of effects of 5% hydroquinone cream plus non-ablative fractional 1540 erbium YAG laser and 5% hydroquinone cream alone in the treatment of melasma

Background: Melasma is an acquired Hypermelanosis often difficult to treat. In this study, we assessed efficacy and safety of 5% hydroquinone cream plus non-ablative fractional 1540 erbium YAG laser and 5% hydroquinone cream alone in the treatment of melasma Methods: We selected 40 patients of melasma aged between 18 and 60 years for the study. Group 1 were treated with a cream of 5% hydroquinone and group 2 treated with a solution of hydroquinone 5% plus three sessions of non-ablative fractional 1540 erbium YAG laser at monthly interval. Improvement was assessed by the melasma-area-and-severity-index (MASI) score. Results: The two groups did not differ significantly in (MASI( score in the first month of treatment (p = 0/135), while during the second to fifth months, there were significant differences between the two groups (p <0.05) and (MASI( score was more reduced in the second group. The two groups did not show significant differences in the incidence of complications (erythema, hyperpigmentation, hypopigmentation). (p= 0/746, 0/158, 0/574, 0/135, 0/135 respectively, the first month, second month, third month and fourth month) Conclusion: A combination of hydroquinone and laser therapy had better results in the treatment of melasma. But due to some disagreements about the use of lasers in the treatment of melasma we recommend more studies with larger sample size to be taken to definitely show better therapeutic effect of laser.

Effect of 8 weeks high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with and without caloric restriction on gene expression of myocardial Bax and Bcl2 in mice

Background: Apoptosis is the physiological cell death that in natural conditions leads to the elimination of old, damaged, waste, and harmful cells. The aim of this study was the effect of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with and without caloric restriction on gene expression of myocardial Bax and Bcl2 in mice. Methods: Present study was an experimental multi-group design with a control group conducted on 30 two-month old male mice. Subjects were divided into five homogenous groups including base control, control, caloric restriction, interval exercise training, and caloric restriction + interval exercise training. Training groups participated in interval exercise training five sessions per week for 8 weeks. The level of gene expression of myocardial Bax and Bcl2 was evaluated by real-time PCR. Data were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA at the level of (P<0.05). Results: The results showed that the training group had a significant increase in gene expression of myocardial Bcl2 in comparison with caloric restriction + exercise training (P<0.05) and a significant decrease in gene expression of myocardial Bax compared to the caloric restriction group (P<0.05). Also, exercise training and exercise training + caloric restriction significantly increased the gene expression of myocardial Bcl2 and significantly decreased Bax/Bcl2 ratio compared to caloric restriction, base control, and control (P< 0.05). Conclusion: It seems that high-intensity interval training without caloric restriction would provide a suitable environment for increasing the integrity of the mitochondrial membrane of myocardial cells and possibly apoptosis.

The effect of 10 weeks endurance training on protein levels of NF-kB and gene expression of Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 in cardiac myocytes of female

Background: Cardiac atrophy is the most important complications resulted by cancer Given the role of exercise in protecting against cancer complications, the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of 10 weeks of endurance training on protein levels of NF-kB and gene expression of Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 in cardiac myocyte of female Balb/C mic with breast cancer. Methods: The present study was an experimental study. Twelve female BALB/c mice after inducing breast cancer were randomly divided into two groups (n=6) including endurance training group (E) and the control group (C). E group performed 65 min at a constant running speed corresponding to 60% vVo2max at 15% inclination, ten weeks (five days a week). The Left ventricular of animals was extracted 24h following the last training session. Protein levels of NF-kB and gene expression of Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 were determined by, respectively, western blot and qReal-time PCR. Statistic data values also were measured by independent samples t-test at the 0.05 levels of significance. Results: The results of the present study showed a significant decreased in cardiac protein levels of NF-kB (p<0.001) and cardiac gene expression of Atrogin-1 (p<0.001) and MuRF-1 (p=0.003) in comparison with control group. Endurance training group had significantly greater heart weights compared to control group (p<0.001). Conclusion: it seems that 10 weeks of endurance training possibly affect mechanisms involved in cancer-induced cardiac atrophy such as NF-kB/Atrogin-1/MuRF-1 axis results in decreasing cardiac atrophy in mice with breast cancer.

MYBPC3Δ25bp intronic deletion in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients and healthy Iranian population

Background: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a common genetic cardiovascular disease with autosomal dominant inheritance and MYBPC3 gene has been frequently linked to its pathogenesis. Since, carriers of the 25 nucleotides deletion located on intron 32 of the MYBPC3 are at increased risk of heart disease we aimed to investigate this variant in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients and healthy population. Methods: DNA was extracted from 350 Blood samples including 42 hypertrophic cardiomyopathies and 308 healthy subjects and the region containing the deletion was amplified by PCR method. PCR products were analyzed on agarose gel and genotyping results were recorded. Results: Genetic counseling results revealed that 26.2% of patients were sporadic cases vs 59.5% with positive family history and there was a history of sudden cardiac death in the first degree relatives of 42.3% of the patients. Genotyping results showed that all samples had a single band of 198 bp, indicating no MYBPC3Δ25bp variant in HCM patients as well as 308 controls. Bioinformatics assessments revealed that MYBPC3Δ25bp had a frequency of 0.00438 on Iranome database with the highest incidence reported in the Baloch population. Conclusion: Since hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is related to sudden cardiac death, population studies in terms of predisposing factors are of particular importance. Our study results showed that MYBPC3Δ25bpshould not be considered as risk factor in the patients of northwest of Iran. However, according to the bioinformatics findings and reports of neighboring countries, it is suggested that MYBPC3Δ25bp to be studied in the eastern and southern Iranian hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients.