scholarly journals The problem of food supply in the Russian province during the world war of 1914–1918 based on the materials of Kostroma and Yaroslavl provinces

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
Vladislav A. Kolesnikov
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Food Crisis ◽  
World War ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
The World ◽  
Fixed Prices ◽  
Issue Attention

The article examines the actions of local authorities of Kostroma and Yaroslavl provinces during the World War I in the context of solving the food issue. Attention is focused on the work of the tsarist and revolutionary authorities. The paper traces both the first actions to combat speculation and decisions that contradict state policy in the context of the coming revolution and the supply crisis. The article deals with the contradictions of the bread market that arose during the World War I. The fixed prices set for food often caused dissatisfaction of producers in the grain-producing provinces. The paper draws a conclusion about the causes of the food crisis in the consuming provinces and the degree of effectiveness of solving this problem by local authorities.

Charity and donations in the cities of Zabaykalsky Krai during the World War I: interaction between society and the government

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-35
Author(s):  
Elena Sevostyanova
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Peripheral Region ◽  
Information Support ◽  
World War ◽  
Charitable Organizations ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Local Initiative ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government

During the World War I, due to the grand scale of mobilization, it would have not been possible to provide assistance to families of the soldiers without help received from charitable organizations, local authorities and individuals. Public and private charity became a part of supporting those in need. The object of this research is charity and donations during organized during the World War I. The subject of this research is the cooperation between the government and the public in the area of charity and donations. The forms, methods and specificity of such interactions are viewed based on the example of a remote administerial peripheral region – Zabaykalsky Krai, with consideration of the overall trends and regional peculiarities. The main forms and vectors of the work are described. Four key trends can be highlighted in interaction between the government and the city residents: 1) the organization of support for the families of mobilized soldiers (both, legal who received state rations, but also had the opportunity to use charitable support, and civil, who did not have the right to receive state rations); social assistance to children; aid to the refugees; collecting donations for the military needs (air fleet, Red Cross, mobile military infirmary, provision and shipment of things for the army). The author notes that due to a wide variety of charitable organizations (local and nationwide), secular and religious patronages, committees (established upon the local initiative and departments under the aegis of the Romanovs family), the composition of active participants often overlapped: same people were the members of several organizations. An important role in all organizations was played by the government officials; however, their motivation requires additional attention. Largest charity fundraisers were the events that received organizational and information support from the local authorities, or mass actions that became a part of public space of the cities.

scholarly journals Activities of Local Government Bodies to Ensure the Liveliness of the Volyn Population During the World War I

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Yaroslav Tsetsyk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
World War ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
The World ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Military Units

The aim of the article is clarification of the role of local self-government bodies of Volyn in providing the population of the region with basic necessities and fuel during the World War I. The author analyzes a set of measures taken by Zemstvos and municipal authorities to address vital issues. Methodology of the research is based on the use of general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, and generalization), statistical method, special historical (chronological and historical and systemic) in combination with the principles of historicism, objectivity, and multifactorial. The scientific novelty of the work is that the author finds out the different directions of activity of the local authorities of Volyn to provide the population of the region with food, fuel, and basic necessities during the World War І. Particular attention is paid to highlighting their role in rebuilding the infrastructure of the frontline settlements of the region liberated in 1916. Conclusions. During the World War I the city self-government bodies and Zemstva solved many tasks not inherent in them. The front-line and later front-line status of the Volyn province forced them to become actively involved in providing food to the townspeople to oppose the export of food from the front-line counties in order to purchase and deliver fuel to the cities, and to provide assistance to evacuees and refugees. In the settlements liberated in 1916 from the Austro-Hungarian and German troops they faced with a difficult epidemiological situation, lack of funds to address important issues. The fact that a huge number of military units were stationed in the region the implementation of the tasks became much more difficult. The most local authorities could count on from the imperial authorities was to obtain loans to support the livelihoods of the region’s cities. The above circumstances together have led to a deterioration in the living standards of the population, especially the poor. Despite the active work of local governments at the end of 1916 in Volhyn, the socio-economic situation deteriorated sharply. In 1916, the frontline settlements of the region.

he designs of the Russian war memorials from the World War I in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes / Kingdom of Yugoslavia: Ideas, symbols, realization

2020 ◽  
pp. 204-227
Author(s):  
Milana Živanović ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
World War ◽  
War Memorials ◽  
The World ◽  
The Will ◽  
Kingdom Of Yugoslavia ◽  
The Military

The paper deals with the actions undertaken by the Russian emigration aimed to commemorate the Russian soldiers who have been killed or died during the World War I in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes / Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The focus is on the erection of the memorials dedicated to the Russian soldiers. During the World War I the Russian soldiers and war prisoners were buried on the military plots in the local cemeteries or on the locations of their death. However, over the years the conditions of their graves have declined. That fact along with the will to honorably mark the locations of their burial places have become a catalyst for the actions undertaken by the Russian émigré, which have begun to arrive in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (Kingdom of SCS) starting from the 1919. Almost at once after their arrival to the Kingdom of SCS, the Russian refugees conducted the actions aimed at improving the conditions of the graves were in and at erecting memorials. Russian architects designed the monuments. As a result, several monuments were erected in the country, including one in the capital.

Ukraine and the Challenges of Post-Totalitarian Transit (1990-2019)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Holovko ◽  
◽  
Larysa Yakubova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
State Building ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
World War ◽  
Successful Completion ◽  
Wide Audience ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

The key problems of nation- and state-building are revealed in the concept of the chronotope of the Ukrainian “long twentieth century,” which is a hybrid projection of the “long nineteenth century.” An essential feature of this stage in the history of Ukraine and Ukrainians is the realization of the intentions of socioeconomic, ethnocultural and political emancipation: in fact, the end of the Ukrainian revolution, which began in the context of World War I and the destruction of the colonial system. The third book tells about the contradictions of post-Soviet transit. The three modern revolutions, the development of “oligarchic republics,” the subjectivization of Ukraine in the world through self-awareness of the European choice are visible manifestations of the final stage of the century-old Ukrainian revolution and anti-colonial liberation war. The essential transformations of the Ukrainian project are understood in the broad optics of post-totalitarian transit, the successful completion of which now rules for the national idea of Ukraine. For a wide audience.

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