DECISION MAKING IN MODELING THE DYNAMICS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE TAKING INTO ACCOUNT DIFFUSION DISTURBANCES AND CONCENTRATED ACTIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 115-129
Author(s):  
Sergey Baranovsky ◽  
◽  
Andrey Bomba ◽  
Sergey Lyashko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Infectious Disease Model ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Perturbed Model

To study the patterns of response of the immune system to viruses detected in the body, a very diverse range of models has been developed. The simplest infectious disease model, which describes the most general mechanisms of immune protection, built on the assumption that the environment of the «organism» is homogeneous, in which all components of the process are instantly mixed by Marchuk is known. The infectious disease mathematical model by Marchuk for generalization of diffusion perturbations and various concentrated influences is generalized. The corresponding singularly perturbed model problem with delay is reduced to a sequence of problems without delay, for which the corresponding asymptotic developments of solutions are obtained. The results of numerical experiments, which illustrate the influence of spatially distributed diffusion «redistributions» on the nature of the viral disease in the presence of concentrated sources of antigens and donor antibodies are presented. A model decrease in the maximum level of antigens in the infection epicenter due to their diffusion «erosion» in the process of infectious disease development has been demonstrated. It is emphasized that even if the initial concentration or intensity of the pulsed viral source in a certain part of the infection will exceed some critical value (immunological barrier) due to diffusion «redistribution» for a short period of time, the supercritical concentration of viral agents may decrease to lower than the critical level and further neutralization of antigens can be provided by the available level of antibodies and a more economical procedure of injection solution with donor antibodies. That is, within this model, the «severity» of the viral disease in such cases can be reduced more rationally, at lower cost.

scholarly journals MODELING THE DYNAMICS OF AN INFECTIOUS DISEASE TAKING INTO ACCOUNT SPATIAL-DIFFUSE PERTURBATIONS, CONCENTRATED INFLUENCES AND ENVIRONMENT CURVATURE

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
S. V. Baranovsky
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Critical Level ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
The Body ◽  
Initial Time ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
Infectious Disease Model ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Spatially Distributed

While the study of the interaction patterns of the immune system and the viruses detected in the body wide variety of models is used. Well-known infectious disease model by Marchuk which describes the most common mechanisms of immune defense, was obtained under the assumption that the environment of the "organism" is homogeneous and unlimited, in which all the active factors of the process are instantly mixed. The approach proposed by the authors to take into account the influence of spatially distributed diffusion "redistributions" on the nature of the infectious disease provides an opportunity to detect the reducing effect the model level of maximum antigen concentration at the infection epicenter due to their diffusion "erosion" in the disease development. In particular, in cases where the viral particles concentration at the initial time or the intensity of a concentrated source of viruses in any part of the body of infection exceeds a certain critical level of the immunological barrier such an effect of diffusion "redistribution" in a short time reduces supercritical concentrations of viral particles to values, in particular, already below the critical level and their further neutralization may be ensured by the existing level of own antibodies concentration or requires a more economical procedure of injection with a lower donor antibodies concentration. In this article the infectious disease mathematical model is generalized to take into account the curvature of the bounded environment in the conditions of spatial diffusion perturbations, convection and the presence of various concentrated influences. The corresponding singularly perturbed model problem with delay is reduced to a sequence of "solvable" problems without delay. The influence of "curvature" of a limited environment on the development of an infectious disease in the conditions of diffusion perturbations, convection and concentrated influences is illustrated.

scholarly journals Obesity as an "infectious" disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 534-537
Author(s):  
Daria Żuraw ◽  
Paulina Oleksa ◽  
Mateusz Sobczyk
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Social Contagion ◽  
Social Discrimination ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
Infectious Disease Model ◽  
The One

Introduction: Obesity has been recognized as a global epidemic by the WHO, followed by a wealth of empirical evidence supporting its contagiousness. However, the dynamics of the spread of obesity between individuals are rarely studied.  A distinguishing feature of the obesity epidemic is that it is driven by a process of social contagion that cannot be perfectly described by the infectious disease model. There is also social discrimination in the obesity epidemic. Social discrimination against obese people plays quite different roles in two cases: on the one hand, when obesity cannot be eliminated, social discrimination can reduce the number of obese people; on the other hand, when obesity is eradicable, social discrimination can cause it to explode.(1)   Materiał and methods: A literature analysis on obesity epidemic was carried out within the Pubmed, Google scholar and Research Gate platform. The following keywords were used in serach: obesity, epidemy, children, body max index.    Purpose of the work: The aim of the following analysis is to present an obesity as an infectious disease. The steadily increasing percentage of obese people, including children, shows that there is an obesity epidemic. This is the phenomenon of social contagion, which partially explains the concept of homophily, which involves the grouping of people with similar characteristics. Potential explanations are also provided by sharing a living environment with similar access to certain foods and similar opportunities for physical activity, which defines the occurrence of analogous health habits

Improving Computational Models and Practices

2012 ◽  
pp. 432-455
Author(s):  
Iain Barrass ◽  
Joanna Leng
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Computational Steering ◽  
Infectious Disease Model

Since infectious diseases pose a significant risk to human health many countries aim to control their spread. Public health bodies faced with a disease threat must understand the disease’s progression and its transmission process. From this understanding it is possible to evaluate public health interventions intended to decrease impacts on the population. Commonly, contingency planning has been achieved through epidemiological studies and the use of relatively simple models. However, computational methods increasingly allow more complex, and potentially more realistic, simulations of various scenarios of the control of the spread of disease. However, understanding computational results from more sophisticated models can pose considerable challenges. A case study of a system combining a complex infectious disease model with interactive visualization and computational steering tools shows some of the opportunities this approach offers to infectious disease control.

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