scholarly journals Subject-Verb Relation in North Dravidian Language

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Anup Kumar Kujur
Keyword(s):  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Accusative Case ◽  
Language Structure ◽  
Case Markings ◽  
Agglutinative Language ◽  
Dravidian Language

The main objective is to highlight some of the distinctive features pertaining to agreement phenomenon and language structure in Kisan. It is a agglutinative language having nominative-accusative case markings. The characteristics of an agglutinative language has gradually beenconverged with those of analytic language like Hindi and Odia which are the dominant languages of the region.

Rise of canonical objecthood with the Lithuanian verbs of pain

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 187-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilja A. Seržant
Keyword(s):  
Body Part ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stimulus Position ◽  
Standard Language ◽  
Accusative Case ◽  
Semantic Class ◽  
Object Properties ◽  
Object Marking ◽  
Case Markings ◽  
Case Frame

The present paper aims to uncover the processes governing the rise of canonical case-markings. Experiencer verbs with the ᴅᴀᴛExp–ɴᴏᴍStim case frame must necessarily first acquire canonical case marking on their second argument in order to enable the acquisition of the nominative by their first argument. The present paper concentrates, thus, on the acquisition of the accusative case by the second argument. Lithuanian verbs of pain are taken under scrutiny. I examine the change that leads to the acquisition of canonical objecthood, namely, the change from the original ᴅᴀᴛExp–ɴᴏᴍBodyPart case frame to the more canonical ᴅᴀᴛExp–ᴀᴄᴄBodyPart case frame. In the latter, the body-part argument not only acquires the canonical object marking, but also certain syntactic object properties as, for example, the obligatory change into genitive under negation. Strikingly, this change is only found with the verbs of pain skaudėti ‘to ache’ and dial. sopėti ‘to ache’ in Lithuanian, while other ᴅᴀᴛExp–ɴᴏᴍStim experiencer verbs do not undergo this change. I argue that the rise of the canonical object with ᴅᴀᴛExp–ɴᴏᴍBodyPart verbs of pain in Lithuanian is due to some analogical processes internal to the semantic class of verbs of pain and not to a general drift leading to the acquisition of canonical case assignments. Verbs of pain represent a more complex subclass of experiencer verbs in that they typically take three arguments, namely, experiencer, body-part and stimulus. Those verbs that encode all three participants of the pain event as core arguments typically have the following case frame in Baltic: ɴᴏᴍStim–ᴅᴀᴛExp–ᴀᴄᴄBodyPart. I argue that the loss of the stimulus position by some of these triadic causal verbs of pain let them conflate semantically with the dyadic stative ᴅᴀᴛExp–ɴᴏᴍBodyPart verbs of pain. This semantic merger results in the redundancy of the morphosyntactic variation between ᴅᴀᴛExp–ɴᴏᴍBodyPart and ᴅᴀᴛExp-ᴀᴄᴄBodyPart which, in turn, leads to a generalization of one particularcase frame: ᴅᴀᴛExp–ᴀᴄᴄBodyPart in the standard language and ᴅᴀᴛExp–ɴᴏᴍBodyPart in some dialects.

The emergence of functional case marking in initial varieties of Polish L2

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacopo Saturno ◽  
Marzena Watorek
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Target Sentence ◽  
Inflectional Morphology ◽  
Elicited Imitation ◽  
Accusative Case ◽  
Case Marking ◽  
Comprehension Task ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Case Markings

Abstract This paper addresses the acquisition of L2 inflectional morphology after only a few hours of exposure. Eighty-nine participants with five different L1s and no experience of the L2 took part in a specially designed 14-hour L2 Polish course, during which they were tested on their developing morphosyntactic skills at various times. The present paper uses a Comprehension task and an Elicited Imitation task to probe learners’ ability to use nominative and accusative case markings to infer and express the subject and object. The study is designed to isolate variables such as the task employed to elicit L2 data, target sentence word order, time of exposure to the L2 input, and learners’ L1. The results show that while the majority of learners stick to a word order principle, some managed to identify and systematically apply the target-like use of inflectional morphology. Various intermediate strategies make it possible to identify a hierarchy of task difficulty. Both time of exposure and the learner’s L1 proved to be significant predictors of performance.

scholarly journals Accusative case assignment to the verbal internal argument in the Albanian language and the corresponding case assigning model

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Taci ◽  
Mirela Saraci
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Word Order ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Case Assignment ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Accusative Case ◽  
Case System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Free Word ◽  
European Family

The following paper aims at shedding some light on Albanian language case system with special focus on the assignment of accusative case. As a member of the vast Indo-European family Albanian language is characterized by an inflected case system and as so a free word order. Traditionally, we are taught and we still teach to the coming generations that accusative case is assigned mostly by the verb to that sentence noun phrase syntactically representing the direct object and semantically introducing the Theme or the Patient.   Moreover in Albanian accusative is also assigned by another morphological category bearing the distinctive features [+noun;+verb], namely the preposition. Furthermore, as a researcher in the field of generative syntax I have a stake at analyzing certain exceptional cases of accusative case assignment to the subject NP of the Albanian subjunctive clause. In conclusion, I was really tempted to adopt Chomsky’s reconciling proposal in accusative case assignment under the specifier-head structural and schematic relation. 

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Verbal Communication Vocabulary between Indonesian-Afrikaans for Foreign Language Teaching

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wati Istanti ◽  
Izzati Gemi Seinsiani ◽  
Johannes Gerhardus Visser ◽  
Ahlul Izza Destian Lazuardi
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
South African ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Verbal Language ◽  
African People ◽  
Language Structure ◽  
Dutch Language

Every nation has its own language with distinctive features and historical background that differentiate between one another. Indonesian language and Afrikaans language is regarded to possess several historical resemblances. Indonesia was once colonized by the Dutch for 350 years, and therefore, some of the words or language structure in Indonesian language are influenced by Dutch language. In the meantime, South African people in the northern part of the country are very familiar with Dutch language. The study found out several similar words between Indonesian and Afrikaans language. The unique variations discovered in this study comprised: 1) similar spelling and pronunciation, 2) different spelling but similar pronunciation, 3) similar spelling but different pronunciation, and 4) almost similar spelling and pronunciation, but with similar meaning. Therefore, both languages are comparable in terms of identifying similarities and differences between both languages’ sound and spelling. The study intended to provide a reference for the Indonesian Language for Foreign Learners (Bahasa Indonesia bagi Penutur Asing, or henceforth, BIPA) teachers that conduct language teaching to the BIPA learners from South Africa. Vice versa, the BIPA learners will be able to comprehend Indonesian words following the dissemination of language kinship between Indonesian and Afrikaans language. Following that, the BIPA learning process will be more effective.Keywords: comparative analysis, conversation vocabulary, verbal language, Indonesian Language, Afrikaans

scholarly journals Resultatives in Korean Revisited: Complementation versus Adjunction

Nordlyd ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minjeong Son
Keyword(s):  
Complementation Analysis ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Small Clause ◽  
Recent Proposal ◽  
Nominative Case ◽  
Accusative Case ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Case Markings

Korean resultatives are divided into two types depending on whether the subject of a resultative secondary predicate is assigned accusative case or nominative case. The former is comparable to selected object resultatives (e.g., Mary wipe the table clean), and the latter to unselected object resultatives (e.g., John screamed himself hoarse) in English. Korean resultatives have received a great deal of attention in the literature due to different case markings on the subject of a secondary predicate. However, there has been no agreement regarding whether Korean resultatives should be analyzed as small clause complements, similar to English, or adjunct phrases. Some argue that both resultative types are small clause complements (e.g., Kim 1999, Chang and Kim 2001), but some argue that only the selected object resultatives are true small clause type resultatives while the unselected object resultatives are VP adjuncts (e.g., Song 2005, Yeo 2006). A recent proposal by Shim and den Dikken (2007), however, suggests that both types should be analyzed as TP adjuncts. This paper defends the second position, a split analysis for the two types of resultatives: a complementation analysis for selected object resultatives, and an adjunction analysis for unselected object resultatives. Supporting evidence for the split analysis is provided by a few syntactic and semantic facts that lead to the conclusion that the two resultatives must be structurally distinguished from one another in terms of their complementhood/adjuncthood.

Socio-demographic influences on language structure and change: Not all learners are the same

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Till Bergmann ◽  
Rick Dale ◽  
Gary Lupyan
Keyword(s):  
Adult Learners ◽  
Large Share ◽  
Demographic Differences ◽  
Language Structure

AbstractThe Now-or-Never bottleneck has important consequence for understanding why languages have the structures they do. However, not addressed by C&C is that the bottleneck may interact with who is doing the learning: While some languages are mostly learned by infants, others have a large share of adult learners. We argue that such socio-demographic differences extend and qualify C&C's thesis.

Structural Organization and Distribution of Fiber Types in Extraocular Muscles of Cats

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
Asish C. Nag ◽  
Lee D. Peachey
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Type ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Extraocular Muscles ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Superior Rectus ◽  
Adult Cats ◽  
Different Diameters ◽  
Orbital Region

Cat extraocular muscles consist of two regions: orbital, and global. The orbital region contains predominantly small diameter fibers, while the global region contains a variety of fibers of different diameters. The differences in ultrastructural features among these muscle fibers indicate that the extraocular muscles of cats contain at least five structurally distinguishable types of fibers.Superior rectus muscles were studied by light and electron microscopy, mapping the distribution of each fiber type with its distinctive features. A mixture of 4% paraformaldehyde and 4% glutaraldehyde was perfused through the carotid arteries of anesthetized adult cats and applied locally to exposed superior rectus muscles during the perfusion.

Language Structure and Language Aquisition

1982 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-32
Author(s):  
Carlota S. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Language Structure ◽  
Language Aquisition

Common and distinctive features of similarity: Effect of behavioral method

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno L. Giordano ◽  
Catherine Guastavino ◽  
Emma Murphy ◽  
Mattson Ogg ◽  
Bennett Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Behavioral Method ◽  
Similarity Effect

Web-Based Financial Reporting: An Interpretative Model for Corporate Communications on Social Media

2017 ◽  
pp. 79-112
Author(s):  
Paola Ramassa ◽  
Costanza Di Fabio
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Corporate Communications ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Financial Communication ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Interpretative Model

This paper aims at contributing to financial reporting literature by proposing a conceptual interpretative model to analyse the corporate use of social media for financial communication purposes. In this perspective, the FIRE model provides a framework to study social media shifting the focus on the distinctive features that might enhance web investor relations. The model highlights these features through four building blocks: (i) firm identity (F); (ii) information posting (I); (iii) reputation (R); and (iv) exchange and diffusion (E). They represent key aspects to explore corporate communication activities and might offer a framework to interpret to what degree corporate web financial reporting exploits the potential of social media. Accordingly, the paper proposes metrics based on this model aimed at capturing the interactivity of corporate communications via social media, with a particular focus on web financial reporting. It tries to show the potential of this model by illustrating an exploratory empirical analysis investigating to what extent companies use social media for financial reporting purposes and whether firms are taking advantage of Twitter distinctive features of interaction and diffusion.

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