A METHOD OF IMAGE TRANSMISSION IN A LOW-POWER WIDE-AREA MESH NETWORK

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.Д. ФАМ ◽  
В.С. КИСЕЛЬ ◽  
Р.В. КИРИЧЕК ◽  
А.О. ОВЧИННИКОВ ◽  
А.С. БОРОДИН
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Image Transmission ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Network Delay ◽  
Relay Nodes ◽  
Mesh Topology ◽  
Network Latency

Представлены результаты исследований передачи изображений через фрагмент сети связи на базе технологии LoRa с поддержкой ячеистой топологии. Приведена оценка качества изображений,передаваемых с различным разрешением и степенью сжатия. Показано, что с увеличением количества промежуточных узлов ретрансляции возрастала сетевая задержка и увеличивалось время доставки изображения на сервер. Установлено, что передача изображений на базе сети LoRa Mesh возможна, если не учитывать сетевую задержку, увеличивающуюся при возрастании числа узлов-ретрансляторов. This paper presents the results of a study of image transmission via a fragment of a network based on LoRa technology with mesh topology support. The quality of images transmitted with different resolutions and compression rates was evaluated. It is shown that with an increase in the number of intermediate relay nodes, the network latency increased and the time of image delivery to the server increased. It is established that the transmission of images based on the LoRa Mesh network is possible if the network delay is not taken into account.

scholarly journals Adaptive Data Synchronization Algorithm for IoT-Oriented Low-Power Wide-Area Networks

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 4053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Petroni ◽  
Francesca Cuomo ◽  
Leonisio Schepis ◽  
Mauro Biagi ◽  
Marco Listanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Wide Area Networks ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
File Synchronization ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) is by now very close to be realized, leading the world towards a new technological era where people’s lives and habits will be definitively revolutionized. Furthermore, the incoming 5G technology promises significant enhancements concerning the Quality of Service (QoS) in mobile communications. Having billions of devices simultaneously connected has opened new challenges about network management and data exchange rules that need to be tailored to the characteristics of the considered scenario. A large part of the IoT market is pointing to Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWANs) representing the infrastructure for several applications having energy saving as a mandatory goal besides other aspects of QoS. In this context, we propose a low-power IoT-oriented file synchronization protocol that, by dynamically optimizing the amount of data to be transferred, limits the device level of interaction within the network, therefore extending the battery life. This protocol can be adopted with different Layer 2 technologies and provides energy savings at the IoT device level that can be exploited by different applications.

scholarly journals Improving Quality-of-Service in LoRa Low-Power Wide-Area Networks through Optimized Radio Resource Management

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Sallum ◽  
Nuno Pereira ◽  
Mario Alves ◽  
Max Mauro Santos
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Wide Area Networks ◽  
Dynamic Allocation ◽  
Equal Distribution

Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) enable a growing number of Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications with large geographical coverage, low bit-rate, and long lifetime requirements. LoRa (Long Range) is a well-known LPWAN technology that uses a proprietary Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) physical layer, while the upper layers are defined by an open standard - LoRaWAN. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective method to improve the Quality-of-Service (QoS) of LoRa networks by fine-tuning specific radio parameters. Through a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) problem formulation, we find optimal settings for the Spreading Factor (SF) and Carrier Frequency (CF) radio parameters, considering the network traffic specifications as a whole, to improve the Data Extraction Rate (DER) and to reduce the packet collision rate and the energy consumption in LoRa networks. The effectiveness of the optimization procedure is demonstrated by simulations, using LoRaSim for different network scales. In relation to the traditional LoRa radio parameter assignment policies, our solution leads to an average increase of 6% in DER, and a number of collisions 13 times smaller. In comparison to networks with dynamic radio parameter assignment policies, there is an increase of 5%, 2.8%, and 2% of DER, and a number of collisions 11, 7.8 and 2.5 times smaller than equal-distribution, Tiurlikova's (SoTa), and random distribution, respectively. Regarding the network energy consumption metric, the proposed optimization obtained an average consumption similar to Tiurlikova's, and 2.8 times lower than the equal-distribution and random dynamic allocation policies. Furthermore, we approach the practical aspects of how to implement and integrate the optimization mechanism proposed in LoRa, guaranteeing backward compatibility with the standard protocol.

scholarly journals Improving Quality-of-Service in LoRa Low-Power Wide-Area Networks through Optimized Radio Resource Management

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Sallum ◽  
Nuno Pereira ◽  
Mário Alves ◽  
Max Santos
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Wide Area Networks ◽  
Dynamic Allocation ◽  
Equal Distribution

Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) enable a growing number of Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications with large geographical coverage, low bit-rate and long lifetime requirements. LoRa (Long Range) is a well-known LPWAN technology which uses a proprietary Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) physical layer, while the upper layers are defined by an open standard - LoRaWAN. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective method to improve the Quality-of-Service (QoS) of LoRa networks by fine-tuning specific radio parameters. Through a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) problem formulation, we find optimal settings for the Spreading Factor (SF) and Carrier Frequency (CF) radio parameters, considering the network traffic specifications as a whole, to improve the Data Extraction Rate (DER) and to reduce the packet collision rate and the energy consumption in LoRa networks. The effectiveness of the optimization procedure is demonstrated by simulations, considering realistic scenarios. In relation to the traditional LoRa radio parameter assignment policies, our solution leads to an average increase of 30% in DER, and a number of collisions 17 times smaller. In comparison to networks with dynamic radio parameter assignment policies, there is an increase of 10.5% and 4% of DER, and a number of collisions 13.5 and 7.5 times smaller than equal-distribution and random distribution, respectively. Regarding the network energy consumption metric, the proposed optimization obtained an average consumption 3.6 and 2.74 times lower than the equal-distribution and random dynamic allocation policies, respectively. Furthermore, we approach the practical aspects on how to implement and integrate the optimization mechanism proposed in LoRa, guaranteeing backward compatibility with the standard protocol.

scholarly journals Improving Quality-Of-Service in LoRa Low-Power Wide-Area Networks through Optimized Radio Resource Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Sallum ◽  
Nuno Pereira ◽  
Mário Alves ◽  
Max Santos
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Wide Area Networks ◽  
Dynamic Allocation ◽  
Equal Distribution

Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) enable a growing number of Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications with large geographical coverage, low bit-rate, and long lifetime requirements. LoRa (Long Range) is a well-known LPWAN technology that uses a proprietary Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) physical layer, while the upper layers are defined by an open standard—LoRaWAN. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective method to improve the Quality-of-Service (QoS) of LoRaWAN networks by fine-tuning specific radio parameters. Through a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) problem formulation, we find optimal settings for the Spreading Factor (SF) and Carrier Frequency (CF) radio parameters, considering the network traffic specifications as a whole, to improve the Data Extraction Rate (DER) and to reduce the packet collision rate and the energy consumption in LoRa networks. The effectiveness of the optimization procedure is demonstrated by simulations, using LoRaSim for different network scales. In relation to the traditional LoRa radio parameter assignment policies, our solution leads to an average increase of 6% in DER, and a number of collisions 13 times smaller. In comparison to networks with dynamic radio parameter assignment policies, there is an increase of 5%, 2.8%, and 2% of DER, and a number of collisions 11, 7.8 and 2.5 times smaller than equal-distribution, Tiurlikova’s (SOTA), and random distribution, respectively. Regarding the network energy consumption metric, the proposed optimization obtained an average consumption similar to Tiurlikova’s, and 2.8 times lower than the equal-distribution and random dynamic allocation policies. Furthermore, we approach the practical aspects of how to implement and integrate the optimization mechanism proposed in LoRa, guaranteeing backward compatibility with the standard protocol.

scholarly journals Quality Analysis of Data Transferring Through the Process of Modeling WirelessHART Network

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Kostadinovic ◽  
Aleksandar Stjepanovic ◽  
Goran Kuzmic ◽  
Mirko Stojcic ◽  
Tanja Kostadinovic
Keyword(s):  
Process Management ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Received Signal Strength Indicator ◽  
Star Network ◽  
Mesh Topology ◽  
Network Topologies ◽  
Data Transferring

The topology of WirelessHART network is changeable since a number of dynamic devices change, and all that requires a reorganization of the network, as well as finding new ways of routing data. Devices can fall out of the network due to destruction, failure, reduction or loss of electricity. On the other hand, it is possible to “refresh” the network with new devices and thus completely change the topology of the newly created network. This research analize the quality of data transferring in a WirelessHART network using two network topologies: Extended star network and Mesh network. The aim of this paper is to determine which network topology provides better quality of data transferring in a WirelessHART network on the basis of signal latency and Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI). To achieve this, experiments are performed using the equipment by the manufacturer Emerson Process Management: Gateway 1420, TT 648 and PT 3051 for the implementation of the network, as well as software tools for configuration, planning and management of wireless industrial networks, AMS Wireless SNAP-ON and AMS Intelligent Device Manager. The research results show several advantages of applying Mesh topology in a WirelessHART network: it is almost impossible to interrupt communication between devices in the network; there does not have to be optical visibility between the network devices; ease of installation and deinstallation; low application cost compared to Extended star network.

scholarly journals Bluetooth Low Energy Mesh Networks: Survey of Communication and Security Protocols

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 3590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rizwan Ghori ◽  
Tat-Chee Wan ◽  
Gian Chand Sodhy
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Bluetooth Low Energy ◽  
Security Breaches ◽  
Mesh Topology ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Reliable Communications

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Mesh Networks enable flexible and reliable communications for low-power Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Most BLE-based mesh protocols are implemented as overlays on top of the standard Bluetooth star topologies while using piconets and scatternets. Nonetheless, mesh topology support has increased the vulnerability of BLE to security threats, since a larger number of devices can participate in a BLE Mesh network. To address these concerns, BLE version 5 enhanced existing BLE security features to deal with various authenticity, integrity, and confidentiality issues. However, there is still a lack of detailed studies related to these new security features. This survey examines the most recent BLE-based mesh network protocols and related security issues. In the first part, the latest BLE-based mesh communication protocols are discussed. The analysis shows that the implementation of BLE pure mesh protocols remains an open research issue. Moreover, there is a lack of auto-configuration mechanisms in order to support bootstrapping of BLE pure mesh networks. In the second part, recent BLE-related security issues and vulnerabilities are highlighted. Strong Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are essential for detecting security breaches in order to protect against zero-day exploits. Nonetheless, viable IDS solutions for BLE Mesh networks remain a nascent research area. Consequently, a comparative survey of IDS approaches for related low-power wireless protocols was used to map out potential approaches for enhancing IDS solutions for BLE Mesh networks.

scholarly journals Hybrid Low-Power Wide-Area Mesh Network for IoT Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 901-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofan Jiang ◽  
Heng Zhang ◽  
Edgardo Alberto Barsallo Yi ◽  
Nithin Raghunathan ◽  
Charilaos Mousoulis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Iot Applications
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