scholarly journals Current Challenges and Prospective Benefits of Using UAVs

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Carmelia Mariana DRAGOMIR BĂLĂNICĂ ◽  
Adrian LEOPA
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Movie Industry ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Modern Economy ◽  
Near Future

The modern economy completely changed by offering to industry groups the capability to reorganize their operating processes. Nowadays we become observers of similar in scale revolutionary transformations: technologies for the use of unmanned aerial vehicles substantially modified business models and new operating conditions have been developed in various sectors from industries, agriculture to the emergency, parcel delivery or movie industry. In the very near future, clients’ enterprises from multiple sectors of the economy will recognize the first effect of the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in diverse fields - from commercial sectors to examining and exploring the environment or to reduce the impacts of unexpected disasters. The aim of the present review paper is to analyse the opportunities and advantages of using the application of UAVs technologies. On the other hand, not only the devices (drones) themselves are of importance, but also their wider utilization to acquire extraordinary volumes of data.

Protection of a Stationary Object from the Massive Impact of Mobile Objects under Conditions of von Neumann's Mixed Game

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 521-530
Author(s):  
O. N. Maslov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Simulation Modeling ◽  
Statistical Simulation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Stationary Object ◽  
Physical Protection ◽  
Mobile Objects ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Statistical Risk

The method of statistical simulation modeling (SSM) has been used to analyze the operating conditions and the efficiency of the physical protection system of a stationary object from the massive impact of unmanned aerial vehicles (drones). It is shown that the conditions of the problem correspond to the reflexive version of a two-sided von Neumann's mixed game. statistical risk-oriented characteristics for two variants of the object protection system implementation using force mechanical and electromagnetic effects on the "drones cloud" are determined. The possibilities and the prospects for using the results obtained using the SSM method are presented.

scholarly journals TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF UNMANNED AVIATION COMPLEXES AND THEIR RADIO EQUIPMENT

2021 ◽  
pp. 248-256
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Brytov ◽  
Yurii Chmil ◽  
Volodymyr Dzhus ◽  
Oleksandr Koplik ◽  
Dmitro Kozlov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Military Conflicts ◽  
Radio Equipment ◽  
Promising Application ◽  
Near Future

The issues of modern trends in the development of unmanned aviation complexes are considered. The main ways of their current and promising application are given, the main differences from pilot. The main ways of improving radio equipment of unmanned aviation complexes are considered. It is listed that in the near future, unmanned aerial vehicles will significantly affect the progress of military conflicts.

scholarly journals Classification of robotic battery service systems for unmanned aerial vehicles

2018 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 03023
Author(s):  
Tien Ngo ◽  
Mehmet Guzey ◽  
Vladimir Dashevsky
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Landing Site ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Joint Work ◽  
Operator Experience ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Robotic Platforms ◽  
Algorithmic Model

Existing examples of prototypes of ground-based robotic platforms used as a landing site for unmanned aerial vehicles are considered. In some cases, they are equipped with a maintenance mechanism for the power supply module. The main requirements for robotic multi-copter battery maintenance systems depending on operating conditions, required processing speed, operator experience and other parameters are analyzed. The key issues remain questions of the autonomous landing of the unmanned aerial vehicles on the platform and approach to servicing battery. The existing prototypes of service robotic platforms are differed in the complexity of internal mechanisms, speed of service, algorithms of joint work of the platform and unmanned aerial vehicles during the landing and maintenance of the battery. The classification of robotic systems for servicing the power supply of multi-copter batteries criteria is presented using the following: the type of basing, the method of navigation during landing, the shape of the landing pad, the method of restoring the power supply module. The proposed algorithmic model of the operation of battery power maintenance system of the multi-copter on ground-based robotic platform during solving the target agrarian problem is described. Wireless methods of battery recovery are most promising, so further development and prototyping of a wireless charging station for multi-copter batteries will be developed.

scholarly journals Overlap Avoidance of Mobility Models for Multi-UAVs Reconnaissance

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-il Jo ◽  
Seonah Lee ◽  
Kyong Hoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Cooperative Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mobility Models ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Simulation Results

As avionics technologies have advanced, it is possible to perform many aerial applications which demand cooperative work with multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). Since one of the basic applications is reconnaissance, we focus on efficient cooperative reconnaissance. While random mobility models are useful for multi-UAVs reconnaissance, they suffer from overlapped reconnaissance problem that two or more UAVs reconnoiter a region at the same time. The overlapped reconnaissance also leads to imbalanced reconnaissance in which an area scanned by one UAV may be re-visited soon by the other UAV. Thus, we provide overlap avoidance schemes for the existing reconnaissance mobility models and enhance their performance. Throughout the simulations, we evaluate the effect of applying overlap avoidance in the existing models. The simulation results show that overlapped area is reduced by up to 20 times and 90%-coverage reaching time is improved by up to 19%.

scholarly journals Aerodynamic efficiency and performance enhancement of fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles using novel configurations and techniques

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Περικλής Παναγιώτου
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Aerodynamic Efficiency ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
And Performance

Ο σκοπός της διδακτορικής διατριβής είναι η βελτιστοποίηση της αεροδυναμικής απόδοσης και των επιδόσεων Μη-Επανδρωμένων Αεροχημάτων (ΜΕΑ) σταθερής πτέρυγας, μεγάλης αυτονομίας και μέσου ύψους (MALE UAV ή tactical UAV – NATO classification), που επιχειρούν σε συνθήκες πτήσης με Mach < 0.3. Πρόκειται για μια πλήρη τεχνολογική έρευνα, τα βασικά αντικείμενα της οποίας είναι α) η διερεύνηση της ροής γύρω από ΜΕΑ σταθερής πτέρυγας, β) η ανάλυση του ισοζυγίου οπισθέλκουσας δύναμης και εντοπισμός των κύριων πηγών αυτής, γ) η αναζήτηση, καταγραφή, και αξιολόγηση πιθανών τεχνολογιών, γεωμετριών, και τεχνικών για τη βελτίωση της αεροδυναμικής απόδοσης και των επιδόσεων ΜΕΑ (technology screening), δ) η επιλογή και λεπτομερής διερεύνηση των γεωμετριών που δυνητικά προσφέρουν τα περισσότερα πλεονεκτήματα, και ε) η εφαρμογή των παραπάνω σε εφαρμοσμένες μελέτες σχεδιασμού ΜΕΑ για αξιολόγηση και εκτίμηση επιδόσεων. Σε αντίθεση με τις υπάρχουσα βιβλιογραφία, η παρούσα έρευνα προσεγγίζει ολιστικά τον σχεδιασμό και την βελτιστοποίηση των ΜΕΑ σταθερής πτέρυγας, εκκινώντας από θεμελιώδεις ρευστοδυναμικές αναλύσεις, συνεχίζοντας με παραμετρικές αναλύσεις αεροδυναμικής, και κλείνοντας με εφαρμογή σε ολοκληρωμένες μελέτες σχεδιασμού. Για αυτό το σκοπό χρησιμοποιείται μια πληθώρα εργαλείων, που περιλαμβάνουν λογισμικά υπολογιστικής μοντελοποίησης, πειραματικές διατάξεις και τεχνικές, καθώς επίσης και αναλυτικά εργαλεία διαστασιολόγησης, και υπολογισμού παραμέτρων αεροδυναμικής, ευστάθειας και επιδόσεων αεροχημάτων, που αναπτύχθηκαν στα πλαίσια της διατριβής (in-house tools). Αρχικά καθορίζεται και σχεδιάζεται μια γεωμετρία αναφοράς ΜΕΑ, της οποίας οι προδιαγραφές (requirements) και οι επιχειρησιακές συνθήκες (operating conditions) ορίζονται επίσης ως σημεία αναφοράς. Η ροή γύρω από το ΜΕΑ αναλύεται χρησιμοποιώντας τα εργαλεία αεροδυναμικής ανάλυσης και πραγματοποιείται μια ταξινόμηση της οπισθέλκουσας δύναμης (drag bookkeeping), τόσο για την κύρια πτέρυγα, όσο και για την συνολική γεωμετρία του ΜΕΑ. Στη συνέχεια, ερευνάται μια πληθώρα πιθανών επιλογών, τεχνολογιών, τεχνικών και γεωμετριών, που δυνητικά μπορεί να βελτιώσουν την επίδοση των ΜΕΑ σταθερής πτέρυγας. Δύο είδη γεωμετριών επιλέγονται τελικά για ενδελεχή μελέτη και περεταίρω ανάλυση, και συγκεκριμένα, τα winglets και τα σώματα BWB. Οι γεωμετρίες αυτές αναλύονται διεξοδικά σε υπολογιστικό, πειραματικό, και σχεδιαστικό επίπεδο. Όπως πιστοποιείται και από τις σχετικές επιστημονικές δημοσιεύσεις, η έρευνα οδηγεί σε πρωτότυπα συμπεράσματα και παρατηρήσεις που αφορούν τα ροϊκά φαινόμενα, και σε ανάπτυξη εξειδικευμένων μεθοδολογιών σχεδιασμού για εφαρμογές ΜΕΑ σταθερής πτέρυγας. Γίνεται επίσης και αποτίμηση των πλεονεκτημάτων της χρήσης των γεωμετριών αυτών, με τα αποτελέσματα να δείχνουν βελτίωση της τάξεως του 10% και 30% για τα winglets και τις πλατφόρμες BWB αντίστοιχα, όσον αφορά την αεροδυναμική απόδοση. Συνοψίζοντας, η διατριβή επικεντρώνεται στα ΜΕΑ τύπου MALE/tactical, λόγω του ότι αποτελούν το μεγαλύτερο κομμάτι της αγοράς των ΜΕΑ. Ωστόσο, με την προϋπόθεση ότι οι λόγοι ροϊκής ομοιότητας και οι επιχειρησιακές συνθήκες είναι πανομοιότυπες, οι προτεινόμενες μέθοδοι και τα επαγόμενα συμπεράσματα μπορούν να επεκταθούν και σε οποιοδήποτε άλλο αερόχημα σταθερής πτέρυγας, από ΜΕΑ μεγαλύτερης κλίμακας, μέχρι υπερ-ελαφρά ή ελαφρά αεροχήματα και μεταγωγικά αεροσκάφη. Επιπρόσθετα, η έρευνα που αφορά είτε σε στοιχειώδη ρευστοδυναμικά φαινόμενα, όπως είναι οι δίνες ακροπτερυγίου, είτε στις βελτιωτικές διατάξεις (winglets, BWB) έχει προεκτάσεις και σε άλλες εφαρμογές μεγαλύτερης κλίμακας, που αφορούν την κοινωνία και την βιομηχανία, όπως είναι για παράδειγμα τα επιβατηγά αεροσκάφη και οι εναέριες μεταφορές.

Specifics and Actors of the Drone Warfare

2021 ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Natalia Balakleets
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Military Conflicts ◽  
Drone Warfare ◽  
The One ◽  
Modern War

The article reveals the features of modern military conflicts waged with the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (drones). Author traces the transformation of identity of fighters participating in high-tech wars. While the identity of combatants in conventional wars can be described with “killing- being killed” structure, post-heroic drone warfare leads to the formation of a split identity: on the one hand, a combatant reliably protected from mortal risks and threats, on the other hand, his defenseless victim. Author also studies the features of panoptic surveillance carried out with the drones. It is shown that modern war is entering the phase of unprecedented asymmetric confrontation, which cannot be overcome solely by technical means.

scholarly journals Modelling and Experimental Validation of a Hybrid Electric Propulsion System for Light Aircraft and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3969
Author(s):  
Massimo Cardone ◽  
Bonaventura Gargiulo ◽  
Enrico Fornaro
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Model Validation ◽  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Propulsion System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Electric Propulsion System ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Electric

This article presents a numerical model of an aeronautical hybrid electric propulsion system (HEPS) based on an energy method. This model is designed for HEPS with a total power of 100 kW in a parallel configuration intended for ultralight aircraft and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). The model involves the interaction between the internal combustion engine (ICE), the electric motor (EM), the lithium battery and the aircraft propeller. This paper also describes an experimental setup that can reproduce some flight phases, or entire missions, for the reference aircraft class. The experimental data, obtained by reproducing two different take-offs, were used for model validation. The model can also simulate anomalous operating conditions. Therefore, the tests chosen for the model validation are characterized by the EM flux weakening (“de-fluxing”). This model is particularly suitable for preliminary stages of design when it is necessary to characterize the hybrid system architecture. Moreover, this model helps with the choice of the main components (e.g., ICE, EM, and transmission gear ratio). The results of the investigation conducted for different battery voltages and EM transmission ratios are shown for the same mission. Despite the highly simplified model, the average margin of error between the experimental and simulated results was generally under 5%.

Design and Fabrication of Mount Plate for Integration of Multiple Cameras in UAV Using 3D Printing and Traditional Manufacturing Method

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madelyn Davis ◽  
John Ball ◽  
Yucheng Liu ◽  
Tonya Stone
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Multiple Cameras ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Subtractive Manufacturing ◽  
Traditional Manufacturing

Abstract In this project, custom mount plates were designed and fabricated to secure cameras to unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for data collection. An engineering design approach was followed to design the mount plates. Two types of mount plate were fabricated using different methods. One mount plate was cut from G10 fiberglass sheets following a traditional subtractive manufacturing process while the other one was made from 3D printing with polylactic acid (PLA). The two manufacture methods were compared in terms of manufacturing cost, time, and simplicity. Performance of these two plates including compatibility, weight, and strength were also discussed. Results of this project will facilitate researcher’s decision making for choosing the appropriate approach to make such apparatus.

scholarly journals Selected Aspects of Crisis Management with the Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) on the Example of a Traffic Disaster

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-152
Author(s):  
Wiesław Jaszczur ◽  
Szymon Łukasik
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Crisis Management ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Modern Technologies

Purpose: The theoretical aim of this study was to present the impact of modern technologies on the improvement of the effectiveness of process activ- ities (documenting) at the site of a communication disaster. On the other hand, the utilitarian goal was to present the improvement of the organization of documenting a mass incident with the use of drones and photogrammetry tools. Design and methods: As part of the exercise consisting of a simulation of a communication disaster, the activities were documented using the func - tionality of unmanned aerial vehicles which interact with an IT system (Pix4D application). The characteristic drone models which can be used in the monitoring of a disaster site were presented. The discussed research approach describes the methods used to perform drone flights and to what extent the photogrammetric method of processing digital images obtained from drones was used. The issue of field measurements (control points, control lines), the purpose of which was to determine the accuracy of mapping and matching to the coordinate system, was discussed. Results: As part of the research, images were captured and taken with the use of UAVs and IT systems, which were collated and compared with the results of measurements from the visual inspection of the disaster site, performed in a traditional manner by the representatives of the procedural entity. A comparative analysis of the collected research material leading to a comparison of the work results captured by means of the traditional procedural forms with the methods and techniques of modern technologies (drone with the Pix4D Cloud application) allows for the following conclusions to be drawn. For short measuring sections (up to 15 meters), the measurement accuracy of the two methods differs by about 1.5%. For longer measuring sections (up to 100 m), the measurement error is approx. 2.3%. Conclusions: In case of the UAV method and the application Pix4D Cloud, the sources of measurement errors should be seen in the accuracy of rendering of the details of the model (the quality of imaging) and the ability to use this application. On the other hand, when using the police method, in which the measurement trolley is the measuring tool, the sources of error should be seen in the uneven terrain, the obstacles in the terrain, and the measurement error of the tool itself (the trolley). The innovation of the project to use UAVs certainly gains importance especially in a terrain with limited accessibility, i.e. in hilly and mountainous terrain, at road intersections or forks. Keywords: communication disaster, modern technologies, crisis management Article type: preliminary report

scholarly journals A Novel Motion Blur Resistant vSLAM Framework for Micro/Nano-UAVs

Drones ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Buğra ŞİMŞEK ◽  
Hasan Şakir BİLGE
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Motion Blur ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Motion Deblurring ◽  
Localization And Mapping ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Nano Size

Localization and mapping technologies are of great importance for all varieties of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to perform their operations. In the near future, it is planned to increase the use of micro/nano-size UAVs. Such vehicles are sometimes expendable platforms, and reuse may not be possible. Compact, mounted and low-cost cameras are preferred in these UAVs due to weight, cost and size limitations. Visual simultaneous localization and mapping (vSLAM) methods are used for providing situational awareness of micro/nano-size UAVs. Fast rotational movements that occur during flight with gimbal-free, mounted cameras cause motion blur. Above a certain level of motion blur, tracking losses exist, which causes vSLAM algorithms not to operate effectively. In this study, a novel vSLAM framework is proposed that prevents the occurrence of tracking losses in micro/nano-UAVs due to the motion blur. In the proposed framework, the blur level of the frames obtained from the platform camera is determined and the frames whose focus measure score is below the threshold are restored by specific motion-deblurring methods. The major reasons of tracking losses have been analyzed with experimental studies, and vSLAM algorithms have been made durable by our studied framework. It has been observed that our framework can prevent tracking losses at 5, 10 and 20 fps processing speeds. vSLAM algorithms continue to normal operations at those processing speeds that have not been succeeded before using standard vSLAM algorithms, which can be considered as a superiority of our study.

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