The Effects of Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter-2 Inhibitors (SGLT-2-i) on Fatty Liver, Steato-Hepatitis, Liver Fibrosis, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma-A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyder Osman Mirghani ◽  
Thomas Antony Thaniyath ◽  
Fakhralddin Abbas Elfakki
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Fatty Liver

scholarly journals Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Step Forward for Better Evaluation Using Ultrasound Elastography

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2778
Author(s):  
Monica Lupsor-Platon ◽  
Teodora Serban ◽  
Alexandra-Iulia Silion ◽  
Alexandru Tirpe ◽  
Mira Florea
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Ultrasound Elastography ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

The increasing prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the general population prompts for a quick response from physicians. As NAFLD can progress to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), new non-invasive, rapid, cost-effective diagnostic methods are needed. In this review, we explore the diagnostic performance of ultrasound elastography for non-invasive assessment of NAFLD and NAFLD-related HCC. Elastography provides a new dimension to the conventional ultrasound examination, by adding the liver stiffness quantification in the diagnostic algorithm. Whilst the most efficient elastographic techniques in staging liver fibrosis in NAFLD are vibration controlled transient elastography (VCTE) and 2D-Shear wave elastography (2D-SWE), VCTE presents the upside of assessing steatosis through the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP). Hereby, we have also critically reviewed the most important elastographic techniques for the quantitative characterization of focal liver lesions (FLLs), focusing on HCC: Point shear wave elastography (pSWE) and 2D-SWE. As our paper shows, elastography should not be considered as a substitute for FLL biopsy because of the stiffness values overlap. Furthermore, by using non-invasive, disease-specific surveillance tools, such as US elastography, a subset of the non-cirrhotic NAFLD patients at risk for developing HCC can be detected early, leading to a better outcome. A recent ultrasomics study exemplified the wide potential of 2D-SWE to differentiate benign FLLs from malignant ones, guiding the clinician towards the next steps of diagnosis and contributing to better long-term disease surveillance.

Liver fibrosis: noninvasive assessment using supersonic shear imaging and FIB4 index in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Choonpa Igaku ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 241-248
Author(s):  
Hirohito TAKEUCHI ◽  
Katsutoshi SUGIMOTO ◽  
Hisashi OSHIRO ◽  
Kunio IWATSUKA ◽  
Shin KONO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Supersonic Shear Imaging ◽  
Noninvasive Assessment ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

scholarly journals The Current View of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 516
Author(s):  
Tomomi Kogiso ◽  
Katsutoshi Tokushige
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Current View ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Lifestyle Related Diseases

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and can develop into hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The incidence of NAFLD-related HCC, which is accompanied by life-threatening complications, is increasing. Advanced fibrosis and lifestyle-related and metabolic comorbidities, especially obesity and diabetes mellitus, are associated with HCC development. However, HCC is also observed in the non-cirrhotic liver. Often, diagnosis is delayed until the tumor is relatively large and the disease is advanced; an effective screening or surveillance method is urgently required. Recently, the NAFLD/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) guidelines of Japan were revised to incorporate new strategies and evidence for the management and surveillance of NAFLD/NASH. Fibrosis must be tested for noninvasively, and the risk of carcinogenesis must be stratified. The treatment of lifestyle-related diseases is expected to reduce the incidence of NAFLD and prevent liver carcinogenesis.

scholarly journals A Positive Relationship between Betel Nut Chewing and Significant Liver Fibrosis in NAFLD Subjects, but Not in Non-NAFLD Ones

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 914
Author(s):  
Yu-Tsung Chou ◽  
Chung-Hao Li ◽  
Zih-Jie Sun ◽  
Wei-Chen Shen ◽  
Yi-Ching Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Betel Nut ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Betel Nut Chewing ◽  
Significant Liver Fibrosis

Background: Betel nut chewing is associated with oral cancer, cardiovascular disease, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to explore the association of betel nut chewing with liver fibrosis in subjects with and without nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Method: A total of 5967 subjects were enrolled. NAFLD was diagnosed with ultrasonography. Betel nut chewing was classified into non-chewing, ex-chewing, and current chewing, and cumulative dosages were calculated. The aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/platelet ratio index and NAFLD fibrosis scores (NFS) were calculated for evaluation of liver fibrosis. Results: NAFLD increased the associated risk of liver fibrosis in those with (odds ratio (OR): 5.51, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.09–9.80) and without betel nut chewing (OR: 2.33, 95% CI: 1.64–3.29). In subjects without NAFLD, betel nut chewing was not associated with liver fibrosis (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 0.44–2.86). In subjects with NAFLD, cumulative betel nut chewing and ex- and current chewing were positively associated with NFS and significant liver fibrosis. Conclusions: In subjects with NAFLD, betel nut chewing, even ex-chewing, was associated with a higher risk of liver fibrosis, where higher cumulative levels were found to increase the risk of significant liver fibrosis. However, the associated risk of liver fibrosis due to betel nut chewing was insignificant in subjects without NAFLD.

scholarly journals Prediction of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Using Noninvasive and Non-Imaging Procedures in Japanese Health Checkup Examinees

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Kenichiro Murayama ◽  
Michiaki Okada ◽  
Kenichi Tanaka ◽  
Chika Inadomi ◽  
Wataru Yoshioka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Japanese Population ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Health Checkup ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
General Japanese Population ◽  
Advanced Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Zju Index

Access to imaging is limited for diagnosing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in general populations. This study evaluated the diagnostic performance of noninvasive and nonimaging indexes to predict NAFLD in the general Japanese population. Health checkup examinees without hepatitis virus infection or habitual alcohol drinking were included. Fatty liver was diagnosed by ultrasonography. The hepatic steatosis index (HSI), Zhejiang University (ZJU) index, and fatty liver index (FLI) were determined, and risk of advanced liver fibrosis was evaluated by the fibrosis-4 index. NAFLD was diagnosed in 1935 (28.0%) of the 6927 subjects. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve of the HSI, ZJU index, and FLI was 0.874, 0.886, and 0.884, respectively. The AUROC of the ZJU index (p < 0.001) and FLI (p = 0.002) was significantly greater than that for the HSI. In subjects with a high risk of advanced fibrosis, the sensitivity of the HSI, ZJU index, and FLI were 88.8%, 94.4%, and 83.3% with a low cut-off value and the specificity was 98.5%, 100%, and 100% with a high cut-off value. In conclusion, all indexes were useful to diagnose NAFLD in the general Japanese population and in subjects with potentially advanced liver fibrosis.

scholarly journals Prevalence of clinically relevant liver fibrosis due to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Indian individuals with type 2 diabetes

JGH Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Shafi Kuchay ◽  
Narendra Singh Choudhary ◽  
Sunil Kumar Mishra ◽  
Tarannum Bano ◽  
Sakshi Gagneja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

scholarly journals Performance of Ultrasound Techniques and the Potential of Artificial Intelligence in the Evaluation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 790
Author(s):  
Monica Lupsor-Platon ◽  
Teodora Serban ◽  
Alexandra Iulia Silion ◽  
George Razvan Tirpe ◽  
Alexandru Tirpe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Lesion ◽  
Focal Liver Lesion ◽  
Ultrasound Contrast Agents ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Global statistics show an increasing percentage of patients that develop non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and NAFLD-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), even in the absence of cirrhosis. In the present review, we analyzed the diagnostic performance of ultrasonography (US) in the non-invasive evaluation of NAFLD and NAFLD-related HCC, as well as possibilities of optimizing US diagnosis with the help of artificial intelligence (AI) assistance. To date, US is the first-line examination recommended in the screening of patients with clinical suspicion of NAFLD, as it is readily available and leads to a better disease-specific surveillance. However, the conventional US presents limitations that significantly hamper its applicability in quantifying NAFLD and accurately characterizing a given focal liver lesion (FLL). Ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) are an essential add-on to the conventional B-mode US and to the Doppler US that further empower this method, allowing the evaluation of the enhancement properties and the vascular architecture of FLLs, in comparison to the background parenchyma. The current paper also explores the new universe of AI and the various implications of deep learning algorithms in the evaluation of NAFLD and NAFLD-related HCC through US methods, concluding that it could potentially be a game changer for patient care.

scholarly journals Correlational study on the levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetic patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Zhang ◽  
Juyi Li ◽  
Yingqun Ni ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Huaizhen Liu
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Abstract Background It is widely acknowledged that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) are all chronic metabolic diseases. The objective of this study is to retrospectively probe the association between the 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-(OH)D) and NAFLD in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods Three hundred thirty-nine T2DM patients participated in this research and from November 2018 to September 2019 and were divided into simple T2DM group (108 cases) and T2DM with NAFLD group (231 cases) in conformity with abdominal ultrasound diagnosis. The NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) ≥0.676 was defined as progressive liver fibrosis.231 T2DM with NAFLD patients were categorized into two subgroups: progressive liver fibrosis subgroup (48 cases) and without progressive liver fibrosis subgroup (183 cases). Results The prevalence of NAFLD by Abdominal ultrasonography was 68%.The results indicated that the levels of 25-(OH) D were significantly lower in T2DM with NAFLD group than that in simple T2DM group(P < 0.01). The levels of 25-(OH) D were significantly lower in progressive liver fibrosis subgroup than that in patients without progressive liver fibrosis and simple T2DM,and 25-(OH) D levels were lower in without progressive liver fibrosis subgroup than that in simple T2DM group(p < 0.01 or p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that levels of 25-(OH) D were negative correlation with risk of NAFLD and progressive liver fibrosis(p = 0.011、p = 0.044,respectively). Conclusions we could come to a conclusion that low levels of 25-(OH) D was a risk factor for NAFLD and progressive liver fibrosis in T2DM patients.

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