The Alternatives Of Financing The Public Deficit In The Islamic Economy :, Study About The Waqf Lands In Malaysia

2017 ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Rachid Zerguet
Keyword(s):  
2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 209-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria do Rosario Correia ◽  
Reinhard Neck ◽  
Theodore Panagiotidis ◽  
Christian Richter

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-101
Author(s):  
Daniel Szybowski

The aim of the article is to present a problem concerning the reasons for the formation of public debt and the budget deficit. Public debt is undoubtedly caused by excessive expenses, which may be caused by the militarization of the economy, extensive administration or high social transfers. Rarely the cause may be too low taxes and other public revenues, the reasons for which may be very numerous, from too low effective tax rates through ineffective tax collection system, to narrowing the tax base caused by the falling level of gross domestic product production. The main reason for the public deficit is the failure to adjust the size of public expenditure to the profitability of the economy. This maladjustment may have a permanent character caused by the tendency to excessive expansion of public expenditure. Maladjustment may also have short-term character related to the alternate nature of economic development, which is expressed in the business cycle. Among the other sources and causes of the public deficit may be distinguished low efficiency of public spending, low efficiency of public debt collection and the burden of budget expenditure on the costs of already existing public debt.


Significance Widespread political turmoil has prevented elections to choose new representatives and senators, as well as the approval of a budget. Protests against poverty and corruption have paralysed Haiti over the last year. The country is facing a severe humanitarian crisis amid high levels of inflation, rapid currency depreciation and a contraction in GDP. The IMF put a 229-million-dollar loan on hold in June 2019 and has made its support conditional on solving the political crisis and adopting measures needed to stabilise the economy. Impacts Anti-government protests will linger as the opposition continues pressuring Moise to step down. Inflation is expected to pick up pace amid a weakening local currency and economic disruptions resulting from the political crisis. The public deficit will increase in the short term, hampered by a decline in revenue collection due to the economic downturn.


2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 560-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Corrêa D’almeida ◽  
Paulo Reis Mourao

This paper attempts to empirically test whether inter-party political differences impact public finances in Portugal differently. Focused on public debt and on government budget deficit, and using data since 1974 for several variables, this paper applies econometric modelling to show that inter-party differences have had, until now, no significant impacts on the public finances’ performance in Portugal. In this context, this paper aims at dispelling some myths regarding the ‘value’ of a policy process based on political intrigue, enmity and a discourse of confrontation around differentiated political parties’ merits in modern democracies.


2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 394
Author(s):  
Cristina Sánchez-Rodas Navarro

Resumen: En España, tras la crisis mundial económica y financiera de 2008, se han llevado a cabo importantes reformas legislativas a fin de controlar el déficit público y cumplir así no sólo con las disposiciones emanadas del Derecho de la Unión Europea sino también con los Tratados internacionales ratificados por nuestro país.Por su cuantía, las pensiones contributivas de jubilación constituyen la partida más importante de los Presupuestos Generales del Estado.Existe una generalizada creencia de que las restrictivas reformas en materia de pensiones españolas que se vienen promulgando en los últimos años son inevitables al venir impuestas por disposiciones emanadas de la Unión Europea y/o por Tratados internacionales.El objeto de este artículo es, por una parte, demostrar que la competencia para legislar en materia de Seguridad Social es, y sigue siendo, competencia exclusiva del Estado. Y, por otro lado, verificar cómo las reformas en materia de pensiones obedecen a iniciativas legislativas nacionales, en modo alguno impuestas por el Derecho de la UE o el Derecho internacional.Palabras clave: Unión Europea, Seguridad Social, pensiones contributivas de jubilación.Abstract: In Spain, after the worldwide economic and financial crisis of 2008, important legislative reforms have been carried out in order to control the public deficit and therefore will be able to comply not only with the provisions emanating from the European Union Law but also with the International Treaties ratified by our country.Due to their amount, contributory old-age pensions are the most important item in the General State Budget.There is a widespread belief that the restrictive reforms on Spanish pensions that have been enacted in recent years were inevitable because they were imposed by provisions emanating from the European Union and /or international treaties.The purpose of this article is, on the one hand, to demonstrate that the competence to legislate on Social Security matters is, and continues to be, the exclusive competence of the State. And, on the other hand, to verify how the last reforms in the field of pensions obey to national legislative initiatives, in no way imposed by European Law or international Law.Keywords: European Union, social security, contributory old-age benefits.


2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Stoleroff

Since the onset of the public deficit crisis in 2001–2002, three successive Portuguese governments have promoted a transformation of public sector employment relations with the aim of bringing them into line with the private sector. Given the importance both of employment in the public sector and of public sector unions to the overall labour movement, the outcome of these reforms will have a decisive impact upon industrial relations in Portugal. The Portuguese public sector unions have consistently claimed that the government has presented them with preconceived reform packages, has not bargained and has in fact imposed its concept of the reforms. This article analyses the relationship between the government and the unions in negotiating the reforms, focusing on the degree of conflict involved and the extent to which the reforms have proceeded within the framework of social dialogue.


2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Giovanni Pesce

<p>Discretionary power, a central feature of administrative power, comes into play when administration is called to select an option between two or more solution and a way of balancing between public and private interests. After the 20<sup>th</sup> century, devastated by wars, public deficit and debt, most State models circumscribed their markets to the detriment of the global one, turning the old economic models into new ones after the 1958 Treaty of Rome and, after the phase following the Maastricht Treaty of 1992, and the crisis of 2008, the final concept is that the EU Members States should restructure the public finances, facing the increase of the public goods and services demand and with the rested rights. The purpose of this article was to enquire whether the European and national rules may limit the discretionary power while expanding the administrative one.</p>


Author(s):  
Dieter Brümmerhoff ◽  
Utz-Peter Reich

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit den Folgen einer zunehmenden Fixierung der Politik auf wenige zentrale Größen. Sie ruft verstärkt Fragen der Genauigkeit finanzpolitischer Daten in den Volkswirtschaftlichen Gesamtrechnungen vor dem Hintergrund des Adäquationsproblems hervor. Dies wird anhand der staatlichen Defizitquote behandelt. Im Mittelpunkt stehen einzelne umstrittene Verbuchungsfragen, die mit der zeitlichen und sektoralen Zuordnung von Strömen verbunden sind. Ferner wird die mögliche missbräuchliche Verwendung des Rechnungssystems erörtert.


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