scholarly journals THE MYTH OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR AS A TOOL OF RUSSIA’S PROPAGANDA INFLUENCE IN THE HYBRID WAR AGAINST UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 121-139
Author(s):  
Andrii Mahaletskyi
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
World War ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Genetic Method ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Ideological Struggle ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Hybrid War ◽  
Second World

The purpose of this paper is to observe the formation of Russia’s myth of the Great Patriotic War as a tool of Russian propaganda influence and its uses in the Russo-Ukrainian war. The research methodology. The study applies the principles of historicism and objectivity that are essential for revealing historical events in the state policy sphere. The historic and genetic method is employed to determine the sources, development and uses of the myth of the Great Patriotic War as an element of the Russian Federation’s propaganda. The historical and systematic method sustains the analysis of socio-political processes in their interrelation and causal dependence. The scientific novelty of the paper. The research determines the preconditions for the formation of the myth of the Great Patriotic War, its development and subsequent use by the Russian Federation for propaganda purposes in the hybrid war against Ukraine. Conclusions. President Putin’s rise to power in Russia and his goal to assert Russian strength and power in the world, active imperial ambitions, and attempts to maintain control over the post-Soviet space, supported by military actions, necessitated the revival and active use of the myth of the Great Patriotic War. Mythologization of the events of the Second World War became an element of ideological struggle and propaganda activity in Ukraine and other post-Soviet countries. Armed actions against Ukraine were preceded by the formation of the “victorious people” attitude in the Russian society, with the myth of the Great Patriotic War being its integral part. Therefore, the Kremlin has managed not only to distract the population from internal problems, but also achieved massive support for Russiaʼs hostilities on the territories of other countries. By pursuing the policy of “appropriating” victory in the war, the Russian government thereby diminishes the contribution of both the allied states and the former Soviet republics to the defeat of Nazism.

Russian youth about the Great Patriotic War and family as spiritual imperatives of Russian civil society

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-58
Author(s):  
Lyudmila P. Berdnik ◽  
Elena N. Ikingrin
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Young People ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
World War ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Second World

The article deals with the problems of reproduction of social memory and the mechanism of continuity of spiritual and moral values in the context of everyday family relations “parents-children”. The article analyzes the influence of professional, age, gender and territorial characteristics of young people on their Patriotic attitudes. The authors believe that the permanent Patriotic memory of young people about the second world war can serve as a long-term spiritual brand of Russian society.

The Soviet Legacy in Thinking about Fascism

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-42
Author(s):  
Marlene Laruelle
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Political Identity ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
World War ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Soviet Legacy ◽  
Second World

This chapter goes back in time to look at the Soviet construction of the Russian term fashizm and some of the ambiguities that the Soviet society cultivated toward the term and its historical personification, Nazi Germany. It recalls that the term fascism (fashizm), in Soviet times, belonged more to an emotional than to an analytical lexicon. The chapter also discusses Russia's history and Russians' memories of the Second World War, called the Great Patriotic War in Russian (Velikaia otechestvennaia voina) and Victory Day (Den´ pobedy). It reviews how the cult of war is intimately linked to the Brezhnev era and provided the context in which commemoration of the Great Patriotic War was institutionalized as a sacred symbol of the Soviet Union, a confirmation of the soundness of the socialist system and the unity of its peoples. The chapter then argues that the very solemnity of Soviet anti-fascism, and its centrality to the country's political identity constitute the fundaments inherited from Soviet times on the basis of which the notion of fascism is operationalized in today's Russia. Ultimately, the chapter further elaborates the three main sources of the Soviet's cryptic fascination with Nazi Germany and source of knowledge about fashizm: the Nazi propaganda, criminal culture, and cinema and culture.

scholarly journals Historical Memory of the Great Patriotic War as a Soft Power Resource of Modern Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
A.O. Naumov
Keyword(s):  
Soft Power ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World

The article is devoted to the study of the role of historical memory of the Great Patriotic War as a resource of soft power of the Russian Federation. The research methods used are the method of historicism, institutional approach and comparative analysis. In this context, the countries that are members of the Eurasian Economic Union (Russia, Belarus, Armenia, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan) and the BRICS (Russia, Brazil, India, China, South Africa) are considered as objects of implementation of the domestic soft power policy. The author reveals the awareness of the peoples of these states about the history of the Second World War and the Great Patriotic War, the attitude of political elites to the events of 1939-1945, peculiarity of state politics of historical memory in relation to this global conflict. Based on this analysis, proposals are formulated to optimize the Russian strategy of soft power in the EEU and BRICS countries. The author concludes that the narrative of the Great Victory is potentially a very effective resource of modern Russia’s soft power.

scholarly journals On Damages Inflicted upon the Stalingrad Section of the Lower Volga Steamship Line in the Great Patriotic War

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-237
Author(s):  
Olesya Gomanenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
World War ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Economic Entity ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
Second World

Introduction. The paper reviews the Lower Volga shipping industry before the Great Patriotic War and after the Battle of Stalingrad. The goal is to establish the loss inflicted by the invaders upon the facilities of the Stalingrad section of the Lower Volga Steamship Line that suffered most from the hostilities. Methods and materials. The study is based on the objectivity principles and applies general scientific as well as specific historical methods. The paper is based on unpublished archival materials as well as on scientific publications on the Lower Volga Steamship Line. Analysis and results. The Lower Volga Steamship Line was created in 1934. It was a big economic entity. The territory of its operation stretched along the Volga from Kamyshin down to Lagan. The Steamship Line comprised two basic sections – the Stalingrad and Astrakhan ones. Before the Second World War the Steamship Line included five production establishments (ship repairing yards and workshops), 17 transit piers, a passenger river-boat station, two local piers with registered fleet, three crossings and other facilities. The Stalingrad section was the largest. Within its boundaries the principal Steamship Line unit was situated – the Stalingrad transit pier. 90 percent of it was destroyed in the Battle of Stalingrad. The Stalingrad section of the Steamship Line suffered most from the hostilities. The total amount of damage of the Steamship Line has been established.

The Crimean Goths in the Russian Imperial and Soviet Periods

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 193-231
Author(s):  
Nikita Khrapunov
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Russian Civil War ◽  
World War ◽  
Crimean War ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Basic Set ◽  
Ideological Struggle ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Second World

Abstract This paper addresses scholarly and ideological interpretations of Crimean Goths from the late eighteenth century to the collapse of the Soviet Union. At the first stage, intellectual travellers and armchair researchers discovered the basic set of written sources, using archaeology often as illustrations and producing many long-living phantoms. From the mid-nineteenth century on, archaeological and historical researches made a big step towards understanding Crimean Gothic history. However, the Crimean War destroyed sites and museum collections, thus being a prologue to the terrible events of the Russian Civil War and the Second World War. The first Soviet decades were an ambivalent period: advancement of scientific research combined with ideological pressure. The shock of the Second World War put Crimean Goths into the focus of ideological struggle: the Nazis used them in substantiation of their rights to the Crimea as imagined “Land of the Goths” (Gotenland), while Soviet ideologists preferred to erase the Goths from Crimea’s history. However, continuing excavations collected abundant materials related to different periods and features of the Crimean Goths’ history.

The War in the Historical Memory of Nations

2015 ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
N. V. Pavlov
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Important Work ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Gene Level ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Second World

There is no doubt that the most important event of the 20th century was a joint victory of the united front of peoples and states over German fascism. For some that was the victory in the Second World War. For the Russians - the victory in the Great Patriotic War which cost the Soviet Union incredible efforts, enormous sacrifices and material losses. Now when we celebrate the 70thyear since that epoch-making date we turn our attention once more to the lessons of history because the memory of the war has been imprinted deeply on our gene level of Russians and Germans. This is because every family from both sides sustained heavy losses. This memory is alive in literature, in movies and plays, songs, in memorials, biographies and historical dates. The Russian and German descendants of those who fought against each other are doing an important work searching for the killed, looking after the burial places, compensating the damage to the victims of this inhuman massacre, trying to understand critically our common and controversial past. What was the 9th of May for the Germans and the Russians in the perception of Germans and Russians? Was it a victory, a defeat or liberation? This is what the author of the article reflects on, convinced that we are anyway dealing with the greatest event of the 20th century, at least because it prevented the end of civilization.

National minorities of Ukraine in the political processes of the XX-XXI centuries: state and problems of research

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Kochan ◽  
Vitalii Kotsur ◽  
Lesya Kovach ◽  
Yurii Nikolaets ◽  
Oleg Kalakura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World

The book presents the results of research on the experience of formation, trends, problems and current challenges of scientific knowledge about the place and role of national minorities of Ukraine in the political processes of XX – XXI centuries, namely: a) early XX century, b) during the First World War, Ukrainian revolution and state formation, c) in the interwar period, d) during the Second World War, e) in the Ukrainian SSR 1945-1990, e) in modern Ukraine. The publication is designed for researches, lectures and graduate students.

Gender, Memory, and National Myths: Ol'ga Berggol'ts and the Siege of Leningrad

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Kirschenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Shared Memory ◽  
Human Memory ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Personal Stories ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
War Dead ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Second World

In Russia, the memory of the Second World War has been at once deeply personal and profoundly political. Largely erased from official memory until Stalin's death, the story of the war became, in the 1960s, a key means of legitimizing the Soviet state. The mythic “20 million”—more recent estimates are closer to 30 million war dead—became the heart of a lasting and state-sanctioned collective memory of shared suffering, patriotism, and redemption. As historian Nina Tumarkin has argued, the official “cult” of the war began to crumble in the mid-1980s, and what she calls “raw human memory,” personal stories untainted by the myth created from above, began to emerge. Tumarkin contends that the “winds of glasnost' and perestroika” effectively “ravaged” both the state-sanctioned “myth” and the “shared memory” of the Great Patriotic War. Personal tragedies began to replace the official tale of national triumph.

scholarly journals History as a Weapon: Second World War Imagery in the Ongoing Russian–Ukrainian Cyberwar

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Pidkuĭmukha
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Hybrid War ◽  
Second World

History as a Weapon: Second World War Imagery in the Ongoing Russian–Ukrainian CyberwarThe article focuses on the characteristics of military posters employed as an element of the ongoing Russia–Ukrainian hybrid war in the Donbas region. The paper also examines the functions which posters fulfil in times of military conflict and analyses the role which posters play in persuading and mobilizing society, recruiting soldiers, and maintaining high morale among troops.The research material includes posters that were exhibited in 2014–2017, when the most significant battles took place. The article focuses on the verbal aspects of the posters as well as on the visual constructions of “friends” and “foes”. Furthermore, this investigation analyses the Second World War (WWII) images and symbols that have been used in both pro-Ukrainian and pro-Russian posters. Historia jako broń: obrazowanie drugiej wojny światowej w trwającej cyberwojnie rosyjsko-ukraińskiejAutorka koncentruje się na charakterystyce plakatów wojskowych wykorzystywanych jako element trwającej w regionie Donbasu rosyjsko-ukraińskiej wojny hybrydowej. Bada również funkcje, jakie pełnią plakaty w czasie konfliktu zbrojnego oraz analizuje rolę, jaką odgrywają w przekonywaniu i mobilizowaniu społeczeństwa, rekrutacji żołnierzy oraz utrzymywaniu wysokiego poziomu morale wśród wojska.Materiał badawczy obejmuje plakaty, które były eksponowane w latach 2014–2017, kiedy rozegrano najbardziej znaczące bitwy. W artykule autorka skupiła uwagę na werbalnych aspektach plakatów, a także na wizualnych konstrukcjach „przyjaciół” i „wrogów”. Ponadto analizuje wizerunek drugiej wojny światowej, motywy i symbole z przeszłości, które zostały wykorzystane zarówno w plakatach proukraińskich, jak i prorosyjskich.

scholarly journals Arutjun Marutjan, Как помнят Великую Отечественную в Армении: некоторые наблюдения / How the Great Patriotic War Is Remembered in Armenia: Some Observations

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-105
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World

The article discusses a neglected aspect in the history of the Second World War and the role of Armenians and their motivation to fight against the Nazi Germany. The author suggests that the memory of the Genocide against the Armenians perpetratrated by Turkey in the First World War with connivence from Germany played an important role in the memory of Soviet Armenians enrolled in the Red Army. This is one of the explanations why the present day Republic of Armenia still maintains – from different reasons – the name The Great Patriotic War instead of Second World War, like Russia.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document