The Moderating Effect of Helping Behavior on the Relationship Between Ingratiation and Supervisor Satisfaction

This study investigates the combined effect of ingratiation and helping behavior on supervisor satisfaction in the workplace. Based on a sample of 168 supervisors and 453 employees working in Pakistan’s hospitality sector, we find that the effect of ingratiation is insignificant at lower levels of helping behavior. However, the relationship between ingratiation and supervisor satisfaction becomes significant as helping behavior increases. This suggests that a combination of ingratiation and helping tactics is more effective in achieving supervisor satisfaction than relying on a single influence tactic.