scholarly journals Historic-geographical evolution of Bessarabia on the data of the old maps

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-433
Author(s):  
Evgeniy Paskary ◽  
Andrey Herzen
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Territorial Development ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
The Past ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
Territorial Claims ◽  
Geographical Maps ◽  
Sea Coast

Problems of research of the territorial development of the old-developed regions are due to the duration and extraordinary saturation of historical processes that flowed and continue in them. The study of changes in the territories of states and various entities is important not only for understanding the past: local and regional conflicts whose roots often go deep into centuries, remain for a long time and continue these days, territorial claims are relevant now. This is especially evident on the example of such regions of oldest development, as the Black Sea region. Historic-cartographical studies, systematization of previously known and newly identified sources, the analysis of old geographical maps and plans allow us to form a holistic picture of the evolution of space, its territorial structure, as well as the functional role of one or another place in the past and present. In the article on the example of Bessarabia—the historic-geographical region of the North-Western Black Sea coast—the most important cartographic works presented, being key for certain stages of its historic-geographical evolution and development of cartography as a whole: the Antiquity and the Middle Ages (when the first geographical maps appeared), the 15th–18th centuries (when the toponym under study was first applied into maps, and detailed topographic maps began to be created) and the 19th–20th centuries (when political events again changed the semantics of the toponym Bessarabia). It is shown how geographical representations of the region transformed during different historical periods. The content of the toponym denoting region is considered, at different times related to different sections of the Black Sea coast and included various territories, as well as its use today as a political tool reflecting actual territorial claims.

Architecture of One-Apsidal Churches of North Black Sea Coast VI-XII c.

2018 ◽  
Vol 931 ◽  
pp. 790-796
Author(s):  
Viktoria V. Pishchulina
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Byzantine Empire ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
The One ◽  
Sea Coast

A one-apsidal hall church is always a reflection of so-called “vulgar” Christianity, thus revealing the important peculiarities of the spatial culture of the region where it is erected. In this region we can mark two periods when such temples were built: VI-VII c. and X-XII c. The first period is associated with the missionary activity by Byzantine Empire, Antioch, Caucasian Albania which was conditioned by both geopolitical interests (Byzantian Empire, Antioch) and the shift of The Great Silk Way to the north (Caucasian Albania). The second, as the research has shown, is connected with the migration of the peoples of Abkhazia, the abzakhs to this territory in the XII-XIII c. and the development of contacts with the Crimea. In the North Black Sea Region the one-apsidal hall church appears as early as in the VI c. – in the territory of Abkhazia we know about ten such temples. The temples of this type in the area of Big Sochi are dated back to the VII-VIII c. In the first Abhzaian temples we can reveal the influence of denominational centers – Byzantian Empire, Antioch, Caucasian Albania. In the temples of the Black Sea coast of both periods – introduction of the samples from Abkhazia.

scholarly journals Cylindrocladium buxicola is threatening the native Buxus sempervirens populations in Turkey – short communication

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 227-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lehtijärvi ◽  
Doğmuş-LehtijärviHT ◽  
F. Oskay
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
Buxus Sempervirens ◽  
Native Populations ◽  
River Valleys ◽  
Sea Coast

Cylindrocladium buxicola is a fungal pathogen of Buxus spp. in Turkey; the pathogen was first noted in 2011 on the native populations of B. sempervirens in forests in Trabzon in the Black Sea region. Surveys conducted in November 2012 revealed a devastating impact of the pathogen on natural B. sempervirens populations, in which the trees were either dead or severely defoliated. The epidemic had spread 3–25 km along the river valleys near the Black Sea coast. Similar river valleys further inland were still free of infection or showed only the very first signs of arrival of the epidemic. The disease has recently been found also in nurseries. All isolates tested belonged to the G1 clade.  

Tsunami vulnerability along the western Bulgarian Black Sea coast - from the historical review towards multidisciplinary assessment approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyubka Pashova ◽  
Liliya Dimitrova ◽  
Emil Oynakov ◽  
Vasko Galabov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Tsunami Modelling ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
Hazard And Risk ◽  
Sea Coast

<p>Over the last two decades, in line with the global trend of expanding research into natural hazards and disaster risk reduction, the tsunami hazard and risk assessment along the coast of Europe has become a hot topic of research. In all its aspects, tsunami research includes the study of tsunami documentary evidence, historical data collection, field experiments, laboratory research, theoretical numerical and analytical modelling, and in-depth analysis of recent tsunami events. Tsunami modelling research methodologies and holistic approaches to risk assessment are continually being improved. Researches are directed to develop conventional standardised methods to analyse tsunami hazard and risk with associated uncertainties, aiming to reduce possible adverse effects on potentially vulnerable coastal settlements, coastal and marine infrastructures and natural ecosystems.</p><p>In the Black Sea, dangerous tsunami waves are a relatively rare phenomenon that cannot be forecast. Multidisciplinary studies focused on mapping and dating past events on the Black Sea coast, determining the causes, frequency of recurrence, and current prospects for tsunamis occurrence (risk) are not yet fully clarified or are in their infancy. Moreover, tsunami hazard along the Bulgarian coast is poorly understood and not considered in the National methodology for flood hazards and risk in the coastal zone. Numerical tsunami modelling performed in recent years for the region still needs to be improved. These events are relatively rare, few such cases have been documented, and validation data are scarce or missing.</p><p>This study provides a comprehensive inventory of tsunami sources from scientific publications, model studies of tsunami generated waves carried out during the recent years and an analysis of the results from recently established early warning systems in the Black Sea region. For the Bulgarian coastal zone, the results of studies of active faults with tsunamigenic potential in and around vulnerable coastal zones, available registrations at sea level during seismic events and some extreme meteorological events for the last century are summarized. A near-field and far-field tsunami sources that can generate tsunamis and affect the Bulgarian coastline are briefly reviewed. High-resolution data are needed for more credible tsunami numerical modelling for the western Black Sea region. Preliminary studies of the available datasets regarding Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and bathymetry for specific locations along the coastal zone are presented as well the needed accuracy and completeness of the data. Some consideration regarding the available and newly establish research infrastructure in the western Black Sea are also discussed.</p><p><strong>Acknowledgements:</strong><strong> </strong>The authors would like to thank the Bulgarian National Science Fund for co-funding the research under the Contract КП-СЕ-КОСТ/8, 25.09.2020, which is carried out within the framework of COST Action 18109 “Accelerating Global science In Tsunami HAzard and Risk analysis” (AGITHAR; https://www.agithar.uni-hamburg.de/).</p>

scholarly journals Beaches of the Black and Azov Seas in the Modern Russian Tourism Industry Structure: Current State and Development Prospects

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.38) ◽  
pp. 646
Author(s):  
Tatiana Aleksandrovna Volkova ◽  
Mikhail Yuryevich Belikov ◽  
Alexander Aleksandrovich Mishchenko ◽  
Vera Vladimirovna Minenkova ◽  
Anatoly Anatolyevich Filobok
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Territorial Development ◽  
Current State ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
High Season ◽  
Private Entrepreneurs ◽  
National Trends ◽  
Sea Coast

The state of the tourism industry reflects the level of the tourism development on a certain territory. Over the recent years the tourism industry of the Russian Federation has changed considerably. The Krasnodar Territory as one of the leading tourist regions of the country has general national trends, too. The number of holidaymakers at the Azov-Black Sea coast resorts has grown. Territorial development of the tourist and recreational complex of the Azov-Black Sea coast is characterized by unevenness: a great flow of tourists come to rest on beaches of the Black Sea of the Krasnodar Territory in the high season. It is possible to conditionally divide the beaches of the Black Sea coast in the Krasnodar Territory into five districts. A lot has been done to improve the level of beach service and landscaping. The general condition of beaches depends more on private entrepreneurs renting beaches. 

scholarly journals Atlas of the inhabitants of the pseudo-littoral of the Sea of Azov – Black Sea coast of Crimea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. G. Kopiy ◽  
◽  
L. V. Bondarenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Sea Of Azov ◽  
Species Determination ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
The Sea Of Azov ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sea Coast

The pseudo-litoral zone of the Crimean coast of the Black Sea region was explored. The study areas were located in the latitudinal direction from the extreme western point – the coast of Yarylgach Bay (the village of Mezhvodnoe) – to the extreme eastern point – Cape Takil. A study of the macrozoobenthos of the pseudo-litoral zone of the Sea of Azov was carried out in Rifov Bay and in three bays of the Kazantip Natural Reserve. The studied areas differed not only in hydrological and hydrochemical characteristics, but also in the degree of anthropogenic load. According to our data, in the pseudo-litoral zone of the Sea of Azov – Black Sea coast of Crimea, macrozoobenthos was represented by the following taxonomic groups: Polychaeta (33 species), Crustacea (36), and Mollusca (18). Representatives of Ascidiacea, Platyhelminthes, Nemertea, Oligochaeta, Pycnogonida, and Chironomidae were also registered, and their species determination was not carried out for a number of reasons; nevertheless, their presence was noted at the studied stations. Data on the distribution, ecology, and biology of species found in the study region are presented.The book will be interesting for hydrobiologists, zoologists, ecologists, students of biological faculties, and a wide range of readers.

scholarly journals Methodological approaches to the study of cyclonic systems related to different types of intense storms in the North Black Sea region

2020 ◽  
pp. 05-14
Author(s):  
V.N. Maslova ◽  
◽  
E.N. Voskresenskaya ◽  
A.V. Yurovsky ◽  
V.Yu. Zhuravsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Mixed Type ◽  
Spline Interpolation ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Central Type ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
Sea Coast

The aim of the paper is to study the surface and mid – tropospheric synoptic fields, the location of trajectories and of the deep cyclones centers for different selected types of storm for the cases if the wave heights are of at least 5 m. The sets of cyclone parameters in the Black Sea region were analysef within the 37°-50° N, 27°-45° E. Cyclones and their main parameters were determined using 4-term NCEP / NCAR reanalysis data sets on the 1000 and 500 hPa geopotential height (GPH) in 1951-2017. Bardin’s methodology was used for calculation. Deep cyclones were identified by the criterion of exceeding the upper 75% quartile threshold of the depth (≥40 gpm) and intensity (≥16.8 gpm) of cyclones. It was done by analogy with the method used earlier by the authors to calculate extreme precipitation and statistical characteristics of storms. In addition, we used the author’s method of objective tracking using spline interpolation on the bases of sea surface pressure from the same NCEP / NCAR reanalysis. The reason to apply an additional method was the result obtained during the work realisation: about 30% of extreme storms in the region are caused by small local cyclones that occur over the Black sea. however, some of them cannot be determined using method 1 due to the coarser step of isogyps. As a result, the distribution of deep cyclone centers and their trajectories of different storm types at the Northern Black Sea coast for the cases if the wave height of at least 5 m is shown. It is found that storm types depend of synoptic field features. The centers of deep cyclones are concentrated to the North from the Black Sea coast (for Western type 1B), to the Northwest (for mixed type 2A), to the North-East (for mixed type 2B), and to the South-Eeast (for Central type 3).

scholarly journals Status of the Gannet Morus bassanus in the Black Sea region (E Bulgaria)

Acrocephalus ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (140) ◽  
pp. 31-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zlatozar Boev
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Phalacrocorax Carbo ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
Larus Michahellis ◽  
The Town ◽  
Sea Coast

Status of the Gannet Morus bassanus in the Black Sea region (E Bulgaria) The Gannet Morus bassanus is a rare vagrant species in the Black Sea region (E Bulgaria). There are altogether 9 records of Gannet in Bulgaria over the last 100 years, all on the Black Sea coast. This paper describes the three most recent records. On 29-31 July 2008 6 individuals were observed in the vicinity of St. Constantine and Elena Resort (12 km north of the town of Varna, Varna Region, NE Bulgaria). Gannets were fishing by numerous (typical) dives, accompanied by a flock of Cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo and Yellow-legged Gulls Larus michahellis. A review of all the species' records in Bulgaria, as well as the subfossil records in the Black Sea region is given.

MORPHOLOGY AND DYNAMICS OF THE LIMANIC BARRIERS ALONG THE BLACK SEA COAST UNDER ACTIVE ANTROPOGENOUS IMPACT

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Г. Выхованец ◽  
G. Vyhovanec
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Sea Sand ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
Sea Coast

Typical coastal elements of limans and lagoons are barriers, that separate limanic aquatories from a Seas. On limanic shores structure of the Black Sea sand barriers represented three longitudinal landscape “zones”: sea beach (“frontal”), dune-aeolian and limanic (“back of the barrier”). They closely interactive between themselves under influence of lithodynamical exchanges of sediment. General tendency of the barriers dynamics is displacement to Land direction.

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