scholarly journals SPREAD OF MUTATIONS OF RESISTANCE AND HIV-1 SUBTYPES AS AN INDICATOR OF DYNAMICS OF HIV INFECTION EPIDEMIC IN THE VOLGA FEDERAL DISTRICT IN 2016–2018

2019 ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
O.V. Parfenova ◽  
O.Yu. Peksheva ◽  
N.N. Zaitsevа
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Therapy Failure ◽  
Hiv Resistance ◽  
Prevalence Level ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Hiv 1

We studied mutations of HIV resistance to antiretroviral drugs during the period of widely use of antiretroviral therapy and the characteristics of the circulation of virus subtypes in the subjects of the Volga Federal District (VFD) from 2016 to 2018 on the plasma samples of HIV-infected patients. Genotyping of resistance mutations to antiretroviral drugs and statistical analysis were carried out. The most common mutations determining the resistance in the reverse transcriptase gene, the most common and specific mutations were identified. An analysis of the prevalence level of mutations in the virus resistance to different groups of antiretroviral drugs allows us to develop approaches to prevent the further occurrence of resistant strains of HIV and minimize their negative impact on the patient’s body. With the development of the epidemic, there is an increasing diversity in the landscape of HIV-1 subtypes circulating on the territory of the Volga Federal District. Point mutation patterns associated with antiretroviral therapy failure in different subtypes vary.

scholarly journals HIV-1 CRF63_02A6 models as a tool for evaluating efficacy of developing antiretroviral drugs

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-774
Author(s):  
D. P. Zyryanova ◽  
N. V. Bogacheva ◽  
A. V. Totmenin ◽  
N. M. Gashnikova
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors ◽  
Infectious Molecular Clones ◽  
Hiv 1

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) allows not only to control the infection process in certain patient, but also to reduce a risk of HIV infection spreading in general, so that one of the goals for international community fighting against HIV-spread is to maximize coverage of infected subjects with HAART. Antiretroviral therapy in HIV infection is administered lifelong, so that therapeutic efficacy may be lowered due to emergence of resistant HIV-1 variants. Currently, development of new antiretroviral drugs is currently underway throughout the world, therefore standard HIV-1 models are demanded to evaluate antiviral efficacy of promising drugs. To reliably assess drug efficiency regarding Russiawide HIV-1 variants, HIV-1 genovariants widespread in Russia should be used as a virus model. A recently emerged recombinant form of CRF63_02A6 HIV-1 is spread in Russia being currently a dominant variant detected among HIV-infected individuals in an extended region of the Siberian Federal District: in the Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Omsk, Kemerovo Regions, Krasnoyarsk and Altai Krai. We have obtained CRF63_02A6 infectious isolates of HIV-1, one of which contains mutations, reducing the sensitivity to the applied inhibitors of the virus reverse transcriptase. In addition, we constructed infectious molecular clones based on HIV-1 CRF63_02A6 variants with an affinity for CCR5 coreceptors and CXCR4. Infectious isolates and molecular clones CRF63_02A6 tested as models for assessing efficacy of antiretroviral drugs using the example of the drug “Efavirenz”. The fifty percent inhibitory concentration determined on the models of HIV-1 infectious molecular clones and HIV-1 isolate 18RU7056 ranged from 0.00027 pg/ml to 0.00046 pg/ml being in agreement with data published elsewhere. Concentrations of “Efavirenz” used in the study did not suppress the replication of HIV-1 12RU6987, which is resistant to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, which confirms the decrease in the sensitivity of HIV-1 12RU6987 to “Efavirenz” by no less than 10,000 times. Thus, our data demonstrate that CRF63_02A6 HIV-1 isolated strains and infectious molecular clones are relevant and complementary tools for assessing efficacy of developing drugs aimed at suppressing HIV-1, including non-nucleoside-resistant virus reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

scholarly journals Independent Evolution of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Drug Resistance Mutations in Diverse Areas of the Brain in HIV-Infected Patients, with and without Dementia, on Antiretroviral Treatment

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (18) ◽  
pp. 10133-10148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa K. Smit ◽  
Bruce J. Brew ◽  
Wallace Tourtellotte ◽  
Susan Morgello ◽  
Benjamin B. Gelman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Resistance Mutation ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Drug Resistance Mutations ◽  
Independent Evolution ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT AIDS dementia complex (ADC) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients continues to be a problem in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). A better understanding of the drug resistance mutation patterns that emerge in the central nervous system (CNS) during HAART is of paramount importance as these differences in drug resistance mutations may explain underlying reasons for poor penetration of antiretroviral drugs into the CNS and suboptimal concentrations of the drugs that may reside in the brains of HIV-infected individuals during therapy. Thus, we provide a detailed analysis of HIV type 1 (HIV-1) protease and reverse transcriptase (RT) genes derived from different regions of the brains of 20 HIV-1-infected patients (5 without ADC, 2 with probable ADC, and 13 with various stages of ADC) on antiretroviral therapy. We show the compartmentalization and independent evolution of both primary and secondary drug resistance mutations to both RT and protease inhibitors in diverse regions of the CNS of HIV-infected patients, with and without dementia, on antiretroviral therapy. Our results suggest that the independent evolution of drug resistance mutations in diverse areas of the CNS may emerge as a consequence of incomplete suppression of HIV, probably related to suboptimal drug levels in the CNS and drug selection pressure. The emergence of resistant virus in the CNS may have considerable influence on the outcome of neurologic disease and also the reseeding of HIV in the systemic circulation upon failure of therapy.

scholarly journals Major drug resistance mutations to HIV-1 protease inhibitors (PI) among patients exposed to PI class failing antiretroviral therapy in São Paulo State, Brazil

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. e0223210
Author(s):  
Giselle de Faria Romero Soldi ◽  
Isadora Coutinho Ribeiro ◽  
Cintia Mayumi Ahagon ◽  
Luana Portes Ozório Coelho ◽  
Gabriela Bastos Cabral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Protease Inhibitors ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Drug Resistance Mutations ◽  
São Paulo State ◽  
Major Drug ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance mutations among antiretroviral therapy-Naïve individuals in Surabaya, Indonesia

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Kotaki ◽  
Siti Qamariyah Khairunisa ◽  
Adiana Mutamsari Witaningrum ◽  
Muhammad Qushai Yunifiar M ◽  
Septhia Dwi Sukartiningrum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Transmitted Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Drug Resistance Mutations ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Impact of HIV-1 Infection and Antiretroviral Therapy on Bone Homeostasis and Mineral Density in Vertically Infected Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Donà ◽  
E. Mozzo ◽  
D. Luise ◽  
R. Lundin ◽  
A. Padoan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Bone Homeostasis ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Hiv 1

Daily assumption of antiretroviral drugs and HIV-related immune activation lead to important side effects, which are particularly evident in vertically infected patients. Bone homeostasis impairment and reduction of bone mineral density (BMD) is one of the most important side effects. Primary aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of bone homeostasis alterations in a group of vertically infected patients; secondary aim is to analyze the relationship between bone homeostasis alterations and anthropometric data, severity of HIV infection, and antiretroviral therapy. We studied 67 patients with vertically transmitted HIV-1 (aged 6-31 years), followed by the Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit of the University Hospital of Padua, Italy. We analyzed bone turnover markers (P1NP and CTx) and we performed lumbar spine and femoral dual energy X-ray absorption densitometry (DXA). Personal and anthropometric data and information on HIV-infection severity and antiretroviral therapy were collected for all patients. We found that BMD values recorded by DXA showed a significant correlation with age, race, BMI, physical activity, and antiretroviral therapy duration. P1NP was increased in 43% of patients, while CTX in 61% of them. P1NP alteration was related to age, race, BMI, physical activity, therapy duration, and ever use of protease inhibitors and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors. CTX alteration was found to be correlated only with age. In conclusion, our study confirms that a wide percentage of HIV vertically infected patients show reduced BMD and impaired bone homeostasis. Strict monitoring is needed in order to early identify and treat these conditions.

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