scholarly journals Determination of water content in infant formula

2019 ◽  
pp. 37-42
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Karl Fischer Titration ◽  
Karl Fischer ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Water Contents

Water is one of the most important constituents of food, very important to be accurately quantified. Furthermore, water content affects the stability and shelf life of food. The evaluation of most chemical parameters is based on dry mass and many methods use heating which result in losing all volatile compounds, including water. Also, it is much harder to extract all of water if we have a complex matrix. Regarding this, the aim of this study was to determine water content in different infant formula by various methods. For examination of water content in three different types of infant formula three different techniques were used (oven sample processor, drying oven and halogen drying) and compared to classical Karl Fischer titration with two different solvents. Each sample was measured in ten probes, and classical Karl Fischer titration was used as a reference. The results showed that the reference method was the best regarding speed of measurement, amount of sample needed and obtained water contents (3.01- 4.35%), followed by Karl Fischer in boiling methanol (2.80-4.30), oven sample processor (2.96-4.23%), halogen drying (2.74-4.03%) and drying oven (2.38-3.52). Methods using heating could not remove all water from the sample within a reasonable time.

Automatic Karl Fischer Titration of Moisture in Grain

1981 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 1277-1283
Author(s):  
Frank E Jones ◽  
Carroll S Brickenkamp
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Systematic Uncertainty ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Titration Method ◽  
Karl Fischer Titration ◽  
Karl Fischer ◽  
Moisture Content Level ◽  
Primary Reference

Abstract Automatic Karl Fischer titrators of the motor-driven buret type and the coulometric generation type were applied to the determination of moisture in grain. Techniques were developed to optimize the performance of the Karl Fischer titration method and to overcome disadvantages attributed to it. The imprecision (1 standard deviation) of a determination is typically 0.06% moisture content at a moisture content of 15%; the systematic uncertainty from known sources is estimated to be ±0.05% moisture content at a moisture content level of 15%. It is suggested that the method be designated as the primary reference method for grain in general and for corn and soybeans in particular.

Determination of total water content in inulin using the volumetric Karl Fischer titration

Talanta ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 1006-1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien N. Ronkart ◽  
Michel Paquot ◽  
Christian Fougnies ◽  
Claude Deroanne ◽  
Jean-Claude Van Herck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Total Water Content ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Karl Fischer Titration ◽  
Karl Fischer

Reliable Determination of Water Contents of Bitumen and Vacuum Residua via Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration Using Tetrahydrofuran

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 602-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Carbognani ◽  
L. C. Roa-Fuentes ◽  
L. Diaz ◽  
J. Berezinski ◽  
L. Carbognani-Arambarri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Karl Fischer Titration ◽  
Reliable Determination ◽  
Karl Fischer ◽  
Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration ◽  
Water Contents

Determination of water content in bee’s pollen samples by Karl Fischer titration

Food Control ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iosif Gergen ◽  
Florina Radu ◽  
Despina Bordean ◽  
Heinz-Dieter Isengard
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Karl Fischer Titration ◽  
Karl Fischer

scholarly journals Simple Modification of Karl-Fischer Titration Method for Determination of Water Content in Colored Samples

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Tavčar ◽  
Erika Turk ◽  
Samo Kreft
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Visual Detection ◽  
Moisture Determination ◽  
Spectrophotometric Detection ◽  
Karl Fischer Titration ◽  
Simple Modification ◽  
Karl Fischer ◽  
Titration Endpoint ◽  
Specialized Equipment

The most commonly used technique for water content determination is Karl-Fischer titration with electrometric detection, requiring specialized equipment. When appropriate equipment is not available, the method can be performed through visual detection of a titration endpoint, which does not enable an analysis of colored samples. Here, we developed a method with spectrophotometric detection of a titration endpoint, appropriate for moisture determination of colored samples. The reaction takes place in a sealed 4 ml cuvette. Detection is performed at 520 nm. Titration endpoint is determined from the graph of absorbance plotted against titration volume. The method has appropriate reproducibility (), accuracy, and linearity ().

scholarly journals Headspace Volumetric Karl Fischer Titration for the Determination of Water Content in Finished Tobacco Products

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 350-359
Author(s):  
N Aydin ◽  
F Chardonnens ◽  
M Rotach
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Karl Fischer Titration ◽  
Intermediate Precision ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Karl Fischer ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Good Repeatability

AbstractBecause many physicochemical properties of tobacco are highly sensitive to its moisture content, the determination of water level is an important parameter for tobacco characterization. A headspace volumetric Karl Fischer titration (HS-V-KFT) method is presented for the quantification of water content in different finished tobacco materials. The parameters affecting the extraction of water from the tobacco materials were the sample size and the oven temperature which have been optimized. The extraction of water from the samples was achieved within a reasonable time (<25 min) with a sample size of 200 mg and an optimum temperature of between 90 °C and 100 °C. The results of the water determination by HS-V-KFT at the optimized parameters were in good agreement with those obtained by standard volumetric Karl Fischer titration. HS-V-KFT showed very good repeatability (RSDr 0.9%) and intermediate precision (RSDiR 1.1%). With respect to a considerable time saving, solvent consumption reduction, precision and accuracy, HS-V-KFT can therefore be suggested as the method of choice to determine water amount in finished tobacco products.

scholarly journals Elaboration of near infrared spectroscopy model for determination of water content in freeze-dried immunological veterinary medicinal products

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Bulenger ◽  
Dorota Marta Krasucka ◽  
Bogumił Biernacki ◽  
Jakub Szumiło ◽  
Beata Cuvelier
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Residual Water ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Karl Fischer Titration ◽  
Karl Fischer ◽  
Veterinary Medicinal Products

Residual water is a critical parameter in assessing the quality of immunological veterinary medicinal products (IVMPs). In majority of the laboratories the Karl Fischer titration (KFT) is used for the determination of water content in IVMPs. However, the transfer of IVMP into titration cell without affecting the baseline drift and repeatability seems to be the main problem when using this method. In turn, Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) allows measurement of closed vials, therefore eliminating the impact of atmospheric conditions on the sample. The aim of the study was to create a calibration model based on the reference method (Karl Fischer titration) and its optimization. Five different IVMPs designated for two animal species (dogs and rabbits) were used. The model was constructed on the basis of 49 samples tested, each in triplicate (n=147). The spectra were divided in two sets: calibration and validation. Proper selection of samples and their processing allowed to obtain a model of high quality (Q-value>0.6).

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