scholarly journals Natural risks, crises and disasters in the territory of the Russian Far East

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Г.П. СКРЫЛЬНИК
Keyword(s):  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
The Sea Of Japan ◽  
Directional Growth ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
The North ◽  
Coastal Landscapes ◽  
Management Optimization

Пространственно-временной характер природных рисков в пределах севера и юга Дальнего Востока четко дифференцирован. На севере региона под влиянием возрастающей зимней континентальности имеют место «взрывы» активности криогенеза и/или «малого» гляциогенеза; относительно медленное возникновение нового экзогенного облика полярных ландшафтов; антропогенная деятельность, вызывающая активизацию термокарста, и другие. В южной части из-за быстрой, чаще пирогенной, кардинальной перестройки почвенно-растительного покрова в континентальной части и «одномоментных» новообразований и переформирований береговых ландшафтов наблюдаются скачкообразное появление экзо-эндодинамических форм, морфогенетические трансформации геосистем в результате гигантских наводнений, цунами и др. Природные риски на территории юга Дальнего Востока по сравнению с пространствами северной части по частоте и интенсивности значительно выше. Наметившееся дальнейшее усиление естественной континентальности–океаничности климата рассматриваемых регионов предопределяет направленное возрастание роли опасных природных процессов в рельефообразовании, а увеличение контрастов между континентальными и океаническими влияниями приводит к повсеместной экстремализации природных процессов. Это вызывает сближение пороговых рамок типичных и аномальных явлений и процессов, при этом геосистемы успевают приспосабливаться к изменяющимся условиям, и направленного площадного разрушения геосистем в естественных условиях сейчас не отмечается. Установлено, что эффект даже небольших цунами на побережье Японского моря по морфогенетической значимости значительно превосходил суммарное воздействие катастрофических штормов. Кризисные обстановки, обозначаемые выявленными нами основными уровнями устойчивости в организации геосистем, в известной мере прогнозируемы, что может помочь в оптимизации рационального природопользования. The spatial-temporal character of natural risks within the Far East north and south is clearly differentiated. In the north of region, under the influence of the increasing winter continentality, there are the “outbreaks” of cryogenesis activity and/or “small” glaciogenesis; relatively slow emergence of the new exogenous image of icescapes; anthropogenic activity causing the thermokarst activation and others. In the southern part, due to the fast, more often pyrogenic, cardinal reconstruction of the soil and vegetation cover in the continental part and “instantaneous” new formed structures and reformations of the coastal landscapes, the abrupt appearance of the exo-endodynamic forms and morphogenetic transformations of geosystems as a result of gigantic floods, tsunami etc. are observed. The natural risks on the territory of the southern Far East are notably higher in frequency and intensity in comparison with areas of the northern part. The emerging further intensification of the natural continentality-oceanicity of climate of the regions under consideration predetermines the directional growth of a role of the dangerous natural processes in the relief formation while enhancement of contrasts between the continental and oceanic effects results in the all-round increase in extremality of natural processes. This causes the approaching of the threshold frames of typical and anomalous phenomena and processes, herewith, the geosystems have time to take to the changeable conditions and directional areal destructions under natural conditions is not noted now. It has been established that the effect of even small tsunami on the Sea of Japan coast has been considerably superior in the morphogenetic significance to integral action of the catastrophic storms. The crisis situations designated by the basic levels of the stability in organization of geosystems revealed by us are predictable to a certain extent that can assist in the sustainable nature management optimization.

scholarly journals Anomalous phenomena and geoecological situation in the Russian Far East

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-178
Author(s):  
Gennady P. Skrylnik ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
The North ◽  
General Cooling ◽  
The Russian Far East

The development of the geosystems of the Russian Far East proceeds under the enormous but contradictory in nature double influence of the continent and the ocean and is carried out through the atmosphere. The goal is to characterize hazardous natural phenomena depending on the differentiated natural tension of the Far East (from maximum in the south to moderate in the north), often causing disasters and creating tense levels of the geoecological situation in general. The article presents comparative-geographical, geophysical, informational methods, as well as author’s development, etc. Further strengthening of the natural continentality of the entire region climate predetermines a directed increase in the geosystems development of the role of hazardous natural processes. If a sharp anthropogenic climate warming occurs, an accelerated rise in the level of the World Ocean is possible, which will cause increased abrasion, avalanches and landslides in the coastal zone. In case of a persisting general cooling, a general extremalization of the entire natural environment will occur. Crisis situations are, to a certain extent, predictable, which can help in optimizing rational nature management.

РАЙОНИРОВАНИЕ РОССИЙСКОЙ ЧАСТИ ПРИБРЕЖНОГО РЕГИОНА ЯПОНСКОГО МОРЯ ПО СОЧЕТАНИЮ МИНЕРАЛЬНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.G. Tkachenko
Keyword(s):  
Sea Of Japan ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Mineral Deposits ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Comparative Characteristic ◽  
The Sea Of Japan ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Russian Part

Морское побережье является одной из самых выраженных естественных географических границ, которая одновременно разделяет и связывает географические структуры суши морей или океанов. В основе формирования типов природопользования в прибрежных зонах, как и на других типах географического пространства, лежит природноресурсный потенциал. Природноресурсный потенциал и типы природопользования как явления пространственнодифференцированные должны быть рассмотрены, прежде всего, в рамках классических географических подходов и оценок, таких как районирование территории и акватории. При этом пространственные сочетания наземных и морских природных, природноресурсных компонентов рассматриваются как важнейшие предпосылки инфраструктурного и хозяйственного развития прибрежных регионов. Необходимым этапом природноресурсного районирования является выявление границ, при пересечении которых существенно меняются природные ресурсы и условия. Данная работа выполнена на примере рассмотрения минеральных ресурсов прибрежных муниципальных образований и является частью исследования природноресурсных сочетаний зоны сушаокеан Дальнего Востока России в рамках изучения пространственной дифференциации факторов, условий и ограничений формирования и развития структур природопользования в прибрежной зоне Тихоокеанской России с учетом воздействия экстремальных природных процессов и явлений. Дана сравнительная характеристика месторождений минерального сырья российской части побережья Японского моря. Определена их видовая и географическая структура. На основе того, что месторождения минерального сырья сгруппированы в 8 основных ресурсных групп ввыполнено районирование российской части побережья Японского моря по сочетанию основных видов минеральных ресурсов. Выделены типы муниципальных образований по сочетанию минеральных ресурсов и показаны особенности каждого из них. Выделены шесть районов по сочетанию минеральных ресурсов. В связи с необходимостью учета географической особенности в сочетании со спецификой минеральных ресурсов, северной и южной частям территории одного типа районов присвоены свои собственные названия. По результатам исследования была построена карта. The seacoast is one of the most pronounced natural geographical boundaries, which divides and connects simultaneously the geographical structures of the land, seas or oceans. The formation of the types of nature management in coastal zones, as well as on other types of geographical space, is based on the natural resource potential. Being spatially differentiated phenomena, the natural resource potential and the types of environmental management should be considered, first of all, within the framework of classical geographical approaches and assessments, such as zoning of the territory and water areas. In this case, spatial combinations of the land and sea natural, naturalresource components are considered as the most important prerequisites for the infrastructure and economic development of coastal regions. Identification of borders, at the intersection of which the natural resources and conditions change significantly, is a necessary stage of natural resource zoning. This work is carried out by example of consideration of mineral resources of coastal municipal unions and appears to be a part of studies of naturalresource combinations of the landocean zone of the Russian Far East in the framework of studies of spatial differentiation of factors, conditions and restrictions of formation and development of structures of nature management in the coastal zone of Pacific Russia, taking into account the influence of extreme natural processes and phenomena. The comparative characteristic of mineral deposits of the Russian part of the coast of the Sea of Japan is given. Their species and a geographical structure are determined. Based on the fact that the mineral deposits are grouped into eight main resource groups, zoning of the Russian part of the coast of the Sea of Japan by a combination of the main types of mineral resources is performed. The types of municipalities are allocated by a combination of mineral resources and their features are shown. Six areas are singled out by a combination of mineral resources. Due to the need to take into account the geographical features in combination with the specifics of mineral resources, the northern and southern parts of the territory of one type of areas have obtained their own names. According to the results of the studies, the map has been compiled.

ECONOMIC AND GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION OF THE TRANSBAIKAL REGION: TERRITORIAL SUB-LEVELS AND INSTITUTIONAL COMPONENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-121
Author(s):  
K. Parfenova ◽  
◽  
O. Baranova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Transbaikal Region ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
State Institute ◽  
High Resource ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern Transbaikalia ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Advanced Development

The article considers the aspects of changes in the economic and geographical position (EGP) of the Transbaikal Region at different territorial levels, and the factors that determine it. The aim of the study is to analyze the changes in the EGP of the region in historical retrospect, as well as to determine the possible influence of traditional factors and new factors of the institutional environment on these micro-level processes. It was revealed that there was a change in the emphasis on the importance of the Transbaikal Region at the macro and micro levels: the mineral and geological importance of the region in the country significantly decreased with the transition to market relations, while opportunities for cross-border cooperation with China and Mongolia opened up. Currently, special attention is drawn to factors of an institutional nature that can have a certain impact on the economic development of the territory. The focus of the study is on the micro-level of the region, where the Udokan field development project in the north of the Transbaikal Region is currently being implemented within the framework of the concept of the Territory of Advanced development (TOP) project «Northern Transbaikalia». The authors hypothesize that informal norms determining the economic behaviour of the population can resist state institutions that can influence the change in EGP. This confrontation has not been studied either in the Transbaikal Region or in other subjects of the Far East, where new mechanisms of state administration are being implemented. A fundamental factor in the development of the model territory of the north of the Transbaikal Region is its high resource availability. A significant role in the process of changing the EGP is played by the state Institute of the Territory of Advanced Development (TOP) «Northern Transbaikalia», which corrects the effect of traditional factors due to administrative and tax preferences. Informal institutional factors may be the environmental consequences of the development of the field and their possible impact on the traditional nature management of the indigenous small – numbered peoples of the north of the Transbaikal Region – the Evenks

U.S.-Russian Relations and the North Korean Crisis: A Role for the Russian Far East?

Asian Survey ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 722-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Clay Moltz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
The United States ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Nuclear Program ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Far East

Because of its energy reserves and long history of economic links with North Korea, the Russian Far East could provide useful incentives needed to help convince Pyongyang to abandon its nuclear program. For this reason, the United States should begin crafting a regionally based strategy that includes Russia.

Potentially Dangerous Natural Processes and Phenomena of the Russian Far East South

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Андрей Аношкин ◽  
Andrey Anoshkin
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Gully Erosion ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Monsoon Climate ◽  
Aeolian Processes ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
River Erosion ◽  
The Russian Far East

The article summarizes the data on potentially dangerous exogenous processes characteristic of the Russian Far East south. General trends in the development of exogenous processes here are determined by the geological and geomorphological structure and specificity of the monsoon climate. Mountain structures in this area are currently in a stage of uplift, where, in general, denudation processes prevail over accumulation, lowland areas experience a general immersion and intensively accumulate sedimentary material. The monsoon nature of climate determines a pronounced seasonality in precipitation and, as a consequence, an increased intensity of a number of exogenous processes (waterlogging, waterlogging, river erosion). The paper presents the characteristics and extent of the environmental impact of such phenomena as: waterlogging, weathering, river and gully erosion, thermokarst, aeolian processes, and ice. Based on field observations, an assessment of the intensity and direction of the processes of erosion, accumulation and denudation is given.

scholarly journals Rickettsiosis as a critical emerging infectious disease in India

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-256
Author(s):  
K. Lalchhandama
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Scrub Typhus ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Indian States ◽  
The North ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Almost All

Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the order Rickettsiales such as Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Neorickettsia, Rickettsia, and Orientia are the causative agents of infectious diseases collectively known as rickettsioses. Of the different rickettsial diseases, spotted fever and scrub typhus have ravaged India for the past couple of centuries. Specifically called the Indian tick typhus, spotted fever was discovered in India in the latter half of the 19th century. After several decades of dormancy, the disease re-emerged in several parts of India. Scrub typhus, originally discovered in Japan, has been recognised to be endemic to a so-called Tsutsugamushi Triangle, extending from Russian Far East and Korea in the north to northern Australia in the south and Afghanistan in the west, but the geographical description has now been breached. Not only in India, scrub typhus has emerged as the leading infectious disease in all endemic areas. Almost all Indian states have records of recurrent outbreaks. Infection can be of dire consequences, as multi-organ dysfunction and neurological disorder (meningocephalitis) are the common complications. This article discusses the historical background and scientific reports of rickettsioses in India.

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