scholarly journals COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN PREVENTION OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES IN RURAL AREAS OF PAKISTAN: A REVIEW OF LITERATURE

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Community Participation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Review Of Literature

Spatial Clusters of Diabetes and Physical Inactivity: Do Neighborhood Characteristics in High and Low Clusters Differ?

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 612-621
Author(s):  
Joanna Sara Valson ◽  
V. Raman Kutty ◽  
Biju Soman ◽  
V. T. Jissa
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Spatial Clusters ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

This study aims to find spatial clusters of diabetes and physical inactivity among a sample population in Kerala, India, and evaluate built environment characteristics within the high and low spatial clusters. Spatial clusters with a higher and lower likelihood of diabetes and physical inactivity were identified using spatial scan statistic at various radii. Built environment characteristics were captured at panchayat level and 1600 m buffer around participant location using Geographical Information Systems. Comparison of sociodemographic and built environment factors was carried out for participants within high and low spatial clusters using t tests. Ten high and 8 low spatial clusters of diabetes and 17 high and 23 low spatial clusters of physical inactivity were identified in urban and rural areas of Kerala. Significant differences in built environment characteristics were consistent for low spatial clusters of diabetes and physical inactivity in the urban scenario. Built environment characteristics were found to be relevant in both urban and rural areas of Kerala. There is an urgent call to explore spatial clustering of non-communicable diseases in Kerala and undo the one-size-fits-all approach for prevention and control of non-communicable diseases.

scholarly journals ASHAs in rural India, the ray of hope for diabetes care

2014 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 018-024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bharathi Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Rural Health ◽  
Diabetes Care ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Social Health ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Grass Root ◽  
Multi Stakeholder

AbstractOut of 1.21 billion population of India, 69% of them live in rural areas. There is a wide disparity in the distribution of health infrastructure and services in rural areas as compared to that of urban areas. The National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) launched in 2005, aimed to bridge this gap has introduced Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs), as health activists into the rural health care. ASHA is an acronym for Accredited Social Health Activists and she has been so far instrumental in facilitating institutionalised delivery, child immunisation, ensuring family planning, besides organising village nutrition day. She has been the vital link between the community and the health care. India, as a nation that is progressing is trying to combat communicable diseases significantly but it is also witnessing the surfacing of a different problem. There is an increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including diabetes which poses a big economic burden so much so that NCDs have been labelled as ′a health and developmental emergency′. Diabetes competes with other health concerns in a struggle to secure government health funding. In this resource-limited context, innovative methods are required to reach out to people at grass root levels. ASHA, which means hope in Sanskrit, can be true to her name in providing increased access to diabetes care to the rural population, if adequately trained and empowered. A multi-stakeholder approach through a public-private-people partnership (PPPP) is needed to tackle the issue with this kind of magnitude. The current review focuses on providing suggestions on utilising ASHAs′ services in spreading awareness on diabetes and ensuring that people with diabetes (PWD) receive optimal diabetes care.

Analysis of Harvesting Sustainability

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Suchismita Satapathy
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Machine Cost ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

The existing harvesters for farming purposes are not affordable to small-scale farmers because of their financial reasons. Moreover, there is a requirement of a small, economic, more accessible & effective machine cost and also these are not available in most of the rural areas due to transportation or finance which would be easily operatable by the small scale farmers. In view of this, the present study was carried out by a depth review of literature s and expert concern is taken for existing harvesting practices and machines. Further, on the basis of ergonomic assessment followed by ISM analysis was done for considering the existing and the modified machines.

scholarly journals Optional Vaccines for Better Immunization : Awareness among Mothers

2016 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 053-056
Author(s):  
M.H. Punarva
Keyword(s):  
Community Participation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Teaching Programme ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Structured Teaching ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Health Teaching

AbstractEffectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge of optional vaccines among mothers of under five children in selected rural areas. The Sample include 30 mothers of under five children.Research approach was quantitative - evaluative approach anddesign used was quasi experimental pretestposttest design.In the first phase, researcher assessed pretest knowledge and health teaching was given to selected mothers with the duration of 45 minutes. The posttest knowledge was assessed over a period of 7 days after the intervention. The community participation has found to be effective with a Paired t valve (P<0.001) shows significance which indicates community participation was effective in terms of knowledge pain.

scholarly journals A cohort study protocol to analyze the predisposing factors to common chronic non-communicable diseases in rural areas: Fasa Cohort Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Farjam ◽  
Hossein Bahrami ◽  
Ehsan Bahramali ◽  
Javad Jamshidi ◽  
Alireza Askari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Study Protocol ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

Initiatives to meet the challenge of providing water services to the most underprivileged communities: tools and oportunities - the case of Empresas Públicas de Medelín (EEPPM)

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 355-362
Author(s):  
F.J. Piedrahíta ◽  
F.A. Zuleta ◽  
J.F. Manjarrés
Keyword(s):  
Community Participation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Problem ◽  
Public Utility ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Water Utility ◽  
Financial Feasibility ◽  
Utility Companies ◽  
Utility Services ◽  
Commercial Opportunity

Due to problems such as migration from rural areas to cities and to the difficulties generated by those displaced by violence, the water utility companies in developing counties are faced with the challenge of supplying this service to communities that have settled in an irregular and disorganized manner. The challenge public utility services face is solving the problem without letting such circumstances impinge on the financial feasibility of the company. In order to achieve this, it is essential to design programs with a prominent degree of community participation and self-management, which may even change this social problem into a commercial opportunity. This paper portrays EEPPM's experience in four successful programs within this field, illustrating their benefits as regards sustainability and replication.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Health Services Delivered by Community Health Workers on Outcomes Related to Non-Communicable Diseases among Elderly People in Rural Areas: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vita Widyasari ◽  
Ferry Fadzlul Rahman ◽  
Kuan-Han Lin ◽  
Jiun-Yi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
The Other ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

Background: The number of elderly and the burden of non-communicable diseases increase with time. Community involvement is expected to be an important prevention agent for their neighbors. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of health services delivered by community health workers (CHWs) which focus on physiological indices related to non-communicable diseases among elderly people and to explain the health services or interventions carried out by CHWs.   Methods: This systematic review was conducted based on the PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, ProQuest Science Database, Scopus, EBSCOhost CINAHL, and Web of Science were taken as the source of databases. Manual search was also conducted for articles published before March 2019 without time restriction. The quality of each study was assessed using Critical Checklist by Joanna Briggs Institute. Results: Of the 3,275 initial studies retrieved, 4 studies were included in qualitative synthesis analysis. Three studies arranged a face-to-face interview, while the other study was conducted over the phone. All the 4 studies were intervention studies. Three of them showed a significant improvement in mean systolic blood pressure for the intervention group compared to the control group. The other study showed a significant improvement in weight loss for the intervention group. Conclusion: Health services delivered by CHWs was beneficial to elderly people in rural areas on some physiological indices. It suggested that health services delivered CHWs could contribute toward secondary prevention programs.

scholarly journals Community Participation in Housing and Urban Development in Poor Urban Communities,Case Study of Umbadda, Khartoum

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Muna M. Eltahir
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Community Participation ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Voluntary Action ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Poor Neighborhood

Community participation represents a voluntary action carried out by community members who participate with each other in different kinds of work to achieve desired goals. Participation includes people's involvement in decision-making, in implementing programs, sharing in the benefits of development programs and their involvement in efforts to evaluate such programs. (Cohen, D. and Prusak). According to Muhammad, community participation, known locally as nafeer or fazaa, is a deeply rooted ancient phenomenon in the Sudanese culture and has been common especially among traditional people in rural areas and villages, where it is usually men's domain (Muhammad, 1975). Community participation is affected by religious beliefs, ethnic and cultural backgrounds as well as laws, political environment, economic situation. Social relations (social capital), history and age of the neighborhood. The present paper discusses community participation in Umbadda, Harra 14, a newly planned poor neighborhood in Greater Khartoum the capital of Sudan, which has a population of 5.5 million inhabitants growing at an annual rate of 5.6% per year. Data collection was based on a filed research carried out by the author in the summer of 2002 through intensive interviews with community leaders, and a structured household questionnaire.

scholarly journals Burden of Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases Among Elderly in India: A Study Based on LASI Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shekhar Chauhan ◽  
Shubham Kumar ◽  
Ratna Patel ◽  
David Jean Simon ◽  
Aradhana Singh
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Rural Elderly ◽  
Urban Elderly ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Urban Inequality

Abstract Background: While controlling the outbreak of communicable diseases (CDs) remained a priority, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are placing an unavoidable burden on the health and social security system. India, a developing nation in South Asia, has seen an unprecedented economic growth in the past few years; however, it struggled to fight the burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases. Therefore, this study aimed at examining the burden of CDs and NCDs among elderly in India.Methods: Data from Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI Wave-I, 2017-18) were drawn to conduct this study. Response variables were the occurrence of CDs and NCDs. The bi-variate and binary logistic regression were used to predict the association between communicable and non-communicable diseases by various socio-demographic and health parameters. Furthermore, to understand the inequalities of communicable and non-communicable diseases in urban and rural areas, the Fairlie decomposition technique was used to predict the contribution toward rural-urban inequalities in CDs and NCDs.Results: Prevalence of communicable diseases was higher among uneducated elderly than those with higher education (31.9% vs. 17.3%); however, the prevalence of non-communicable diseases was higher among those with higher education (67.4% vs. 47.1%) than uneducated elderly. The odds of NCDs were higher among female elderly (OR=1.13; C.I. = 1-1.27) than their male counterparts. Similarly, the odds of CDs were lower among urban elderly (OR=0.70; C.I. = 0.62-0.81) than rural elderly, and odds of NCDs were higher among urban elderly (OR=1.85; C.I. = 1.62-2.10) than their rural counterparts. Results found that education (50%) contributes nearly half of the rural-urban inequality in the prevalence of CDs among the elderly. Education status and current working status were the two significant predictors of widening rural-urban inequality in the prevalence of NCDs among the elderly.Conclusion: The burden of both CD and NCD among the elderly population requires immediate intervention. The needs of men and women and urban and rural elderly must be addressed through appropriate effort. In a developing country like India, preventive measures, rather than curative measures of communicable diseases, will be cost-effective and helpful.

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