scholarly journals A Concept on Order Quantity at Varying Cost in Variable Rate of Production Situation

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3S2) ◽  
pp. 147-152
Keyword(s):  
Lead Time ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Fuzzy Variable ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Annual Total ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Annual Total Cost ◽  
Management Issues

The concept of EOQ is simply to tackle the management issues of inventory in various types of production systems. This is amongst the most popularly used models in the production houses for inventory. A major issue faced by stock manager is to design an effective policy for replacement, resulting outcome as lowest cost of inventory units. Traditional EOQ theory, assumes majorly two factors that is demand and per unit cost. It is assumed that demand remains constant and can be determined at any level. Secondly that per unit production cost does is not dependent on quantity of order for production. This study is based on a model for stock with multi-item and when per unit cost is dependent on demand and crashing cost of leading time is dependent on lead time. Hence, model has been formulated having constraints of orders and production cost. Unit cost of production is considered fuzzy variable. The jist problem for optimizing the annual total cost has been considered with Karush Kuhn-Tucker conditions method. Mathematical derivations and analysis have been made for one unit, along with testing done from Sensitivity analysis. Illustrations have been taken on random basis

scholarly journals The Moderate Operation Scales of Apples Based on Output, Profit, and Unit Production Costs in the Shaanxi Province of China

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Congying Zhang ◽  
Qian Chang ◽  
Liqun Shao ◽  
Xuexi Huo
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Profit Model ◽  
Unit Production Cost ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Apple Production ◽  
Moderate Scale

In the Shaanxi province, small and scattered plots impede an increase in the efficiency of apple production. Developing a moderate operation scale is a proper tool to solve inefficiencies in apple production, as it enables improving the factor allocation efficiency, resulting in higher yields, higher profit, or lower production costs. However, the moderate operation scales, based on output, profit, and production costs, may be different. This paper aimed to evaluate the moderate operation scale of apples from three perspectives of increasing yields and profits and reducing unit production cost. The study was based on survey data collected from 661 randomly selected apple farmers in eight counties of the Shaanxi province, China. The collected data were analyzed quantitatively by the input-output model, the net profit model, and unit production cost model. The findings show that: (1) The moderate operation scale oriented to increasing apple yields in the Shaanxi province should be 0.87–1.53 ha. (2) The moderate operation scale oriented to increasing the net profit of farmers in the Shaanxi province should be over 1.53 ha. (3) The moderate operation scale oriented to reducing the unit cost of apple production in the Shaanxi province should be 0.20–0.53 ha. The study provides evidence that policymakers should grasp the balance point and find the intersection of the operation scale based on output, profit, and unit production cost when guiding apple growers to carry out the moderate scale. We propose that 0.87–1.53 ha may be a suitable operation scale for apple production in the Shaanxi province at the current stage.

scholarly journals Fermentative Succinate Production: An Emerging Technology to Replace the Traditional Petrochemical Processes

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujin Cao ◽  
Rubing Zhang ◽  
Chao Sun ◽  
Tao Cheng ◽  
Yuhua Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Strain Improvement ◽  
Downstream Processing ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Petrochemical Process ◽  
Succinate Production ◽  
Fossil Energy ◽  
Renewable Biomass ◽  
The Past

Succinate is a valuable platform chemical for multiple applications. Confronted with the exhaustion of fossil energy resources, fermentative succinate production from renewable biomass to replace the traditional petrochemical process is receiving an increasing amount of attention. During the past few years, the succinate-producing process using microbial fermentation has been made commercially available by the joint efforts of researchers in different fields. In this review, recent attempts and experiences devoted to reduce the production cost of biobased succinate are summarized, including strain improvement, fermentation engineering, and downstream processing. The key limitations and challenges faced in current microbial production systems are also proposed.

Optimal Sizing of a Gas Turbine Cogeneration Plant in Consideration of Its Operational Strategy

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Yokoyama ◽  
K. Ito ◽  
Y. Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Programming Problem ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Turbine Plant ◽  
Operational Strategies ◽  
Integer Linear Programming Problem ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Annual Total ◽  
Planning Problems ◽  
Annual Total Cost

An optimal planning method is proposed for the fundamental design of cogeneration plants. Equipment capacities and utility maximum demands are determined so as to minimize the annual total cost in consideration of the plants’ annual operational strategies for the variations of both electricity and thermal energy demands. These sizing and operational planning problems are formulated as a nonlinear programming problem and a mixed-integer linear programming problem, respectively. They are solved efficiently in consideration of their hierarchical relationship by a penalty method. A numerical example about a gas turbine plant is given to ascertain the validity and effectiveness of the proposed method.

FEATURES OF HUMAN CAPITAL MANAGEMENT IN THE ERA OF DIGITALIZATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
Yu. V. NIKITOCHKINA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Generational Cohorts ◽  
Capital Management ◽  
Human Capital Management ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Economic Trends ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Management Issues

In this article, human capital is considered as a set of processes of interaction of local groups of workers in the course of production activities. The study of human capital management issues in relation to the practice of Russian business is of particular interest due to the transition to the digital economy, demographic changes and structural changes in the labor market. The purpose of this article is to determine the features of human capital management, taking into account generational cohorts in the light of new economic trends. The re-search is exploratory and is aimed at studying the practice of human capital management, which includes the processes of formation, retention and development of different generational cohorts. Based on a comparative analysis of major international and domestic scientific research, various factors affecting the process of at-tracting, retaining and developing employees of different generations are identified in the work. The results of this study will allow managers to implement an effective policy of managing the corporation's human capital and in a short time create a favorable environment for the development of employees and the enterprise as a whole with minimal financial costs.

scholarly journals The effect of manuring with undersown catch crop, and production system on the potato tuber content of microelements

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-182
Author(s):  
Anna Płaza ◽  
Barbara Gąsiorowska ◽  
Emilia Rzążewska ◽  
Anna Cybulska ◽  
Rafał Górski
Keyword(s):  
Potato Tuber ◽  
Production System ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Catch Crop ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Persian Clover

The potato tuber content of microelements is lower than that of macroelements but they are equally important. With this respect, there has been noticed a favourable effect of natural and organic manuring. The objective of the study reported here was to determine the effect of manuring with an undersown catch crop, either autumn-incorporated or left on the soil surface as mulch for spring incorporation, and production system on the potato tuber content of microelements. The study involved a field experiment, which was conducted in 2009-2012. The following two factors were examined: I − manuring with undersown catch crop: control, farmyard manure, Persian clover, Persian clover + westerwolds ryegrass, westerwolds ryegrass, Persian clover − mulch, Persian clover + westerwolds ryegrass − mulch, westerwolds ryegrass − mulch; II − production system: integrated and organic. Potato tubers were sampled to determine microelement contents. The highest iron and zinc contents were recorded in the tubers of potato manured with autumn-incorporated Persian clover whereas boron content was the highest in the tubers of potato manured with Persian clover, regardless of when it had been incorporated, as well as an autumn-incorporated Persian clover + westerwolds ryegrass mixture. Organic potatoes contained more iron and boron whereas tubers grown in the integrated production system were higher in zinc, manganese and copper. Potato manuring with undersown catch crops and farmyard manure in both the production systems studied increased the potato tuber content of microelements, excluding copper and manganese.

scholarly journals Effect of workforce diversity on the cost-effectiveness of milk production systems participating in the “full bucket” program

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 323
Author(s):  
Marcos Aurelio Lopes ◽  
Flavio De Moraes ◽  
Francisval Melo Carvalho ◽  
Fabio Raphael Pascotti Bruhn ◽  
Andre Luis Ribeiro Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Unit Costs ◽  
The Family ◽  
Net Margin ◽  
The Cost

This study aimed to analyze the effect of each workforce type on the cost-effectiveness of 20 dairy farms participating in the “Full Bucket” program, from January to December 2011, in the State of Rio de Janeiro. A stepwise multiple linear regression was used to identify the production cost components that most affected net margin, profitability, and cost-effectiveness. Workforce type influenced both profitability and cost-effectiveness, as well as total production cost. Economic analysis showed that farms with a hired workforce had the lowest total unit costs and a positive result. This way, the activity is able to produce in the long term and farmers are capitalizing. The farms that adopted mixed and family workforce had a positive net margin and a negative result, obtaining conditions to produce in the medium term. The highest representativeness on the items of effective operating cost in the family workforce stratum, in a descending order, were food, miscellaneous expenses, and energy. The most representative items in the mixed and hired workforce strata were food, workforce, and miscellaneous expenses.

The Optimization of ITD in Direct Air-Cooled System

2012 ◽  
Vol 433-440 ◽  
pp. 1756-1761
Author(s):  
Li Jun Chen ◽  
Chao Xu ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Li Jun Mi ◽  
Xing Cai Shi
Keyword(s):  
Uncertainty Analysis ◽  
Objective Function ◽  
Thermodynamic Model ◽  
Initial Temperature ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Economic Parameters ◽  
The Face ◽  
Annual Total ◽  
Face Velocity ◽  
Annual Total Cost

In order to improve the technical economy of direct air-cooled system, based on the thermodynamic model of the air-cooled system, taking the annual total cost as the objective function, the face velocity of air and the ITD (initial temperature difference) value as parameters, this article has researched the optimal ITD of direct air-cooled system in theory, and given the uncertainty analysis in the end to reflect the influence of economic parameters. The results shows that the technical economy of direct air-cooled system can achieve optimal under the condition of economic parameters change. Thus, the results of studying will provide helpful guidance for the optimization of direct air-cooled system.

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